Erich Seligmann Fromm - Katswiri wazikhalidwe zaku Germany, wafilosofi, wama psychology, psychoanalyst, woimira Sukulu ya Frankfurt, m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa neo-Freudianism ndi Freudomarxism. Moyo wake wonse adapereka nthawi yophunzira chikumbumtima ndikumvetsetsa zotsutsana za kukhalapo kwa anthu padziko lapansi.
Mu mbiri ya Erich Fromm, pali zambiri zosangalatsa kuchokera pamoyo wake komanso zasayansi.
Tikukuwuzani za mbiri yayifupi ya Erich Fromm.
Wambiri Erich Fromm
Erich Fromm adabadwa pa Marichi 23, 1900 ku Frankfurt am Main. Anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja la Ayuda odzipereka.
Abambo ake, a Naftali Fromm, anali mwini shopu ya vinyo. Amayi, Rosa Krause, anali mwana wamkazi wa osamukira ku Poznan (panthawiyo Prussia).
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Erich adapita kusukulu, komwe, kuwonjezera pamakhalidwe azikhalidwe, ana amaphunzitsidwa zoyambira za chiphunzitso ndi maziko achipembedzo.
Onse m'banjamo amatsatira malamulo oyambira okhudzana ndi chipembedzo. Makolowo amafuna kuti mwana wawo wamwamuna yekhayo adzakhale rabi mtsogolo.
Atalandira satifiketi ya sukulu, mnyamatayo adalowa University of Heidelberg.
Ali ndi zaka 22, Fromm adateteza digiri yake ya udokotala, pambuyo pake adapitiliza maphunziro ake ku Germany, ku Institute of Psychoanalytics.
Nzeru
Cha m'ma 1920, Erich Fromm adakhala psychoanalyst. Posakhalitsa adayamba kuchita zachinsinsi, zomwe zidapitilira zaka 35.
Kwa zaka zambiri za mbiri yake, Fromm adatha kulumikizana ndi odwala masauzande ambiri, kuyesera kuti alowemo ndikumvetsetsa chikumbumtima chawo.
Doctor anakwanitsa kusonkhanitsa zinthu zambiri zothandiza, zomwe zinamuthandiza kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane za kwachilengedwenso ndi chikhalidwe cha mapangidwe psyche anthu.
Mu nthawi ya 1929-1935. Erich Fromm anali nawo kafukufuku ndi gulu la kuzipenya. Nthawi yomweyo analemba zolemba zake zoyambirira, zomwe zimalankhula za njira ndi ntchito zama psychology.
Mu 1933, pomwe National Socialists idayamba kulamulira, motsogozedwa ndi Adolf Hitler, Erich adakakamizidwa kuthawira ku Switzerland. Chaka chotsatira, adaganiza zopita ku United States.
Atafika ku America, mwamunayo adaphunzitsa psychology ndi sociology ku Columbia University.
Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itangotha (1939-1945), wafilosofiyu adakhazikitsa William White Institute of Psychiatry.
Mu 1950, Erich adapita ku Mexico City, komwe adaphunzitsa ku 15 Autonomous University kwa zaka 15. Munthawi imeneyi ya mbiri yake, adafalitsa buku la "Healthy Life", pomwe adatsutsa poyera capitalism.
Ntchito ya psychoanalyst inali yopambana. Ntchito yake "Kuthawa ku Ufulu" idakhala yogulitsa kwambiri. Mmenemo, wolemba adalankhula zakusintha kwa psyche ndi machitidwe amunthu mikhalidwe yazikhalidwe zakumadzulo.
Bukuli lidasamaliranso nthawi ya Kukonzanso ndi malingaliro a akatswiri azaumulungu - John Calvin ndi Martin Luther.
Mu 1947 Fromm adasindikiza gawo lotsatira la "Flight" yolemekezeka, ndikuyitcha "Mwamuna wake." Pogwira ntchitoyi, wolemba adalemba chiphunzitso chodzipatula mdziko lazikhalidwe zaku Western.
Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 50, Erich Fromm anachita chidwi ndi mutu wa ubale pakati pa anthu ndi anthu. Wafilosofiyo adayesetsa "kuyanjanitsa" malingaliro otsutsana a Sigmund Freud ndi Karl Marx. Woyamba adanenetsa kuti mwamunayo ndiwachilengedwe, pomwe wachiwiri amatcha munthu "nyama yocheza."
Powerenga momwe anthu azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana amakhalira komanso okhala m'maiko osiyanasiyana, Fromm adawona kuti kudzipha kocheperako kumachitika m'maiko osauka.
Psychoanalyst adalongosola kuwulutsa pawailesi yakanema, wailesi yakanema, misonkhano ndi zochitika zina zazikulu ngati "njira zopulumukira" ku zovuta zamanjenje, ndipo ngati "maubwino" oterewa atachotsedwa kwa azungu mwezi umodzi, ndiye kuti mwina atha kupezeka ndi matenda amitsempha.
M'zaka za m'ma 60, buku latsopano, The Soul of Man, lidasindikizidwa kuchokera cholembera cha Erich Fromm. Mmenemo, adalankhula za chikhalidwe cha zoyipa komanso mawonekedwe ake.
Wolemba adatsimikiza kuti ziwawa zimachokera ku chikhumbo chofuna kulamulidwa, ndikuti chiwopsezocho sichili achisoni komanso amisala monga anthu wamba omwe ali ndi mphamvu zonse.
M'zaka za m'ma 70 Fromm adafalitsa buku "Anatomy of Human Destructionness", pomwe adakweza mutu wokhudza kudziwononga kwa munthu.
Moyo waumwini
Erich Fromm adachita chidwi ndi azimayi okhwima, akufotokoza izi posowa chikondi cha amayi paubwana.
Mkazi woyamba wazaka 26 waku Germany anali mnzake wogwira naye ntchito Frieda Reichmann, wamkulu wazaka khumi kuposa womusankha. Ukwati unatha zaka 4.
Frida adalimbikitsa kwambiri mapangidwe a mwamuna wake mu mbiri yake yasayansi. Ngakhale atasiyana, amakhalabe ogwirizana komanso ochezeka.
Kenako Erich adayamba kufunsira wama psychoanalyst Karen Horney. Omudziwa bwino adachitika ku Berlin, ndipo adayamba kukhala ndi malingaliro atasamukira ku USA.
Karen anamuphunzitsa mfundo ya psychoanalysis, ndipo namuthandizanso kuphunzira zoyambira za chikhalidwe cha anthu. Ndipo ngakhale ubale wawo sunathere muukwati, adathandizirana pankhani yasayansi.
Mkazi wachiwiri wa Fromm wazaka 40 anali mtolankhani Henny Gurland, yemwe anali wamkulu zaka 10 kuposa mwamuna wake. Mayiyo anali ndi vuto lalikulu msana.
Kuti muchepetse kuzunzika kwa banja lokondedwaku, pamalangizo a madotolo, adasamukira ku Mexico City. Kumwalira kwa a Henny mu 1952 kudamupweteka kwambiri Erich.
Munthawi imeneyi ya mbiri yake, Fromm adachita chidwi ndi zinsinsi ndi Zen Buddhism.
Popita nthawi, wasayansi uja adakumana ndi Annis Freeman, yemwe adamuthandiza kupulumuka imfa ya mkazi wake womwalirayo. Anakhala limodzi kwa zaka 27, mpaka kumwalira kwa wama psychologist.
Imfa
Cha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60, Erich Fromm adadwala matenda a mtima koyamba. Patatha zaka zingapo adasamukira ku Switzerland ku Muralto, komwe adamaliza buku lake lotchedwa "To Have and To Be."
Mu nthawi ya 1977-1978. mwamunayo adadwalanso matenda ena amtima 2. Atakhala zaka pafupifupi 2, wafilosofi adamwalira.
Erich Fromm anamwalira pa Marichi 18, 1980 ali ndi zaka 79.
