Tchalitchi cha St. Peter, chomwe chili ku Italy, kumpoto kwa likulu la Roma, ndiye malo opembedzera achikatolika onse. Kachisiyu ndiye kunyada kwa boma laling'ono koma lamphamvu ku Vatican, lomwe limakwaniritsa ntchito za dayosizi ya Papa. Chojambula mwaluso chomwe chidapangidwa mu kalembedwe ka Baroque ka Renaissance. Mkati mwa mpanda wa nyumbayo mumakhala zinthu zambiri zakale, zaluso zaluso za ojambula ndi osema zakale.
Magawo omanga a Cathedral ya St. Peter
Amisiri aluso kwambiri ku Italiya adatenga nawo gawo pomanga nyumbayi. Mbiri yakukhazikitsidwa kwa kachisi idayamba mu 1506. Pakadali pano, katswiri wazomangamanga wotchedwa Donato Bramante adaganiza zapangidwe kamangidwe kofanana ndi mtanda wachi Greek. Mbuyeyo adapereka gawo lalikulu la moyo wake kuti agwire ntchito yokongoletsa nyumbayi, ndipo atamwalira, Raphael Santi adapitiliza ntchito yoyeserera, ndikuyika mtanda wachi Greek ndi Latin.
M'zaka zotsatira, kukula kwa Cathedral ya St. Peter ku Roma kunachitika ndi Baldassare Peruzzi, Michelangelo Buonarotti. Otsatirawa adathandizira kukulitsa maziko, adapatsa nyumbayo mawonekedwe a chipilala, adachikongoletsa powonjezera khonde lazipilala zingapo pakhomo.
Mu theka loyambirira la zaka za zana la 17, m'malo mwa Paul V, womanga nyumba Carlo Maderno adakulitsa gawo lakummawa kwa nyumbayo. Kumbali yakumadzulo, Papa adalamula kuti apange 48-mita facade, pomwe oyera ali ndi kutalika kwa 6 mita - Yesu Khristu, Yohane Mbatizi ndi ena.
Ntchito yomanga bwaloli pafupi ndi Tchalitchi cha St. Peter idaperekedwa kwa Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini, katswiri wazomangamanga waluso. Chifukwa cha luso lake losatsutsika, malowa ndi amodzi mwamapangidwe abwino kwambiri ku Italy.
Cholinga chachikulu cha bwaloli kutsogolo kwa kachisi ndikumakhala ndi misonkhano yayikulu ya okhulupirira omwe amabwera kudzadalitsa Papa kapena kudzachita nawo zochitika za Katolika. Kuphatikiza pakukonzekera bwaloli, Bernini adadziwika chifukwa chotenga nawo gawo pakachisi - ali ndi ziboliboli zambiri zomwe ndi chimodzi mwazidutswa zokongoletsa zamkati.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa - mzaka zapitazi, akatswiri ojambula ndi zomangamanga nthawi ndi nthawi adayambitsa zatsopano pakapangidwe ka kachisiyo. Mu 1964, wopanga mapulani Giacomo Manzu anali kugwira ntchito pomaliza "Chipata cha Imfa".
Zosangalatsa zokhudza Tchalitchi cha St. Peter
Tchalitchi cha St. Peter chimachita chidwi ndi kukongola kwake komanso kukula kwake. Nazi zina zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi kachisi wamkulu uyu zomwe zitha kukopa okhulupirira komanso osakhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu:
- Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zachikhristu chimasungidwa mu tchalitchi chachikulu - kutsogolo kwa Longinus, komwe adapyoza Yesu Khristu wopachikidwayo.
- Potengera kutalika kwake, tchalitchichi chimakhala pamalo a 10 pakati pa nyumba zina za Katolika ndi Orthodox padziko lonse lapansi (kufika 137 m).
- Kachisiyu amadziwika kuti ndi malo omwe amati ndi manda a mtumwi Peter wa m'Baibulo, woyamba kutchulidwa ndi Papa (kale guwa lansembe linali pamwamba pa manda a woyera uyu).
- Nyumbayi imatha kukhala ndi anthu osachepera 60,000 ngati kuli kofunikira.
- Square Square yotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ya St. Peter's Square, yomwe ili m'chigawo cha kachisiyu, ikukonzedwa ngati mawonekedwe a kiyi.
- Kuti mukwere pamwamba pa dome la kachisi wachikhristu, muyenera kupambana masitepe 871 (chikepe chimaperekedwa kwa alendo omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino).
- Mwala wamanda wotchuka "Pieta" ("Maliro a Khristu"), wokhala m'manja mwa Michelangelo, koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 70s. a mzaka zana zapitazi adayesedwa kawiri konse kuti aphedwe. Kuti apulumutse mbambandeyo kuchokera kuzipinda zomwe zingachitike, idatetezedwa ndi katsabola kosawonekera ndi chipolopolo.
- Atalamulidwa ndi Emperor Paul I, a Peter Peter Cathedral adakhala chiwonetsero chokomera Tchalitchi cha Kazan ku St. Petersburg. Ngakhale kuti mawonekedwe amtunduwo ali ndi mawonekedwe ake, kufanana kwa zambiri ndizodziwikiratu.
Ngakhale kuti tchalitchichi chidakalipo, tchalitchi cha St. Peter's Cathedral chimapezekabe ndi dzina lampingo wachikatolika wofunikira kwambiri, womwe umakopa mamembala amatchalitchi padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse.
Kufotokozera kwamangidwe amkati mwa tchalitchi chachikulu
Makulidwe amkati mwa tchalitchi chachikulu ndi osangalatsa. Kachisi wagawidwa mwapadera - ma naves atatu (zipinda zazitali ndi zipilala m'mbali). Nave yapakati imasiyanitsidwa ndi enawo ndi ma arched vaults pafupifupi 23 m kutalika komanso osachepera 13 m mulifupi.
Pakhomo lolowera pakachisiyu, pali poyambira pagalasi yotalika mamita 90, kumapeto kumapeto kwa guwa lansembe. Chimodzi mwazitali (chomaliza mu nave yayikulu) chimadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa mkuwa wa Peter m'menemo. Chaka chilichonse, unyinji wa amwendamnjira amayesetsa kuti awone fanoli, akuyembekeza kukhudza, kulandira machiritso ndi thandizo.
Chidwi cha alendo onse opita kukachisi nthawi zonse chimakopeka ndi chimbale chopangidwa ndi miyala yofiyira yofiira yaku Egypt. Tsamba ili la tchalitchi chachikulu lidadziwika m'mbiri chifukwa mu 800 panali Charlemagne wogwada, ndipo munthawi yotsatira - olamulira ambiri aku Europe.
Kuyamikiridwa kumayambitsidwa ndi zolengedwa ndi dzanja la Lorenzo Bernini, yemwe adadzipereka kwa zaka makumi angapo ku kachisi wachikhristu komanso tchalitchi chake. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chifanizo cha Longinus chopangidwa ndi wolemba uyu, kevorium yayikulu kwambiri yoyimirira pamwamba pa zipilala, guwa la Mtumwi Peter.
Mfundo zothandiza - kujambula zithunzi mkati mwa Cathedral ndizololedwa m'malo ena, osagwiritsa ntchito kung'anima.
Mfundo zofunika kwa alendo
Pali kavalidwe kakhalidwe ka tchalitchi chachikulu cha Katolika, chomwe chimayang'aniridwa ndi anthu apadera. Alendo saloledwa kubwera kukachisi ali ndi zovala zosatsekedwa mokwanira, nsapato zoyenda pagombe. Amayi amayenera kukhala ndi mikono ndi mapewa obisika, diresi kapena siketi zitha kukhala zazitali (ndibwino kusiya mathalauza ndi ma jeans). Amuna sayenera kuwonekera kudera la tchalitchi chachikulu mu T-shirts ndi zazifupi.
Kwa anthu wamba omwe akufuna kukwera masitepe oyang'anitsitsa, palibe malamulo oletsa kusankha zovala. Komabe, atatsika, alendo odzavala zobvala zolimba atha kupemphedwa kuti atuluke mu dayosiziyi, kukana kulowa tchalitchicho ndikupita kwina.
Kuyendera malo osungirako zinthu zakale omwe ali mdera la Tchalitchi cha St. Peter kumatha koyambirira - ola limodzi nthawi yomaliza isanachitike.
Momwe mungafikire ku Tchalitchi cha St.
Musanapite kumalo opatulika, muyenera kufotokoza komwe kunyada kwa Akhristu padziko lonse lapansi kuli. Cathedral ili ku Vatican, Piazza San Pietro, 00120 Città del Vaticano.
Pofuna kuti musawononge nthawi yayitali paulendo wopita kukachisi kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana amzindawu, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musankhe hotelo kapena hotelo yomwe ili pafupi ndi kachisi wachikhristu. Malo oyandikana nawo ali ndi malo osiyanasiyana, omwe amakupatsani mwayi wosankha malo okhala ndi tchalitchichi.
Timalimbikitsa kuti tiwone ku Cathedral of St.
Kwa alendo omwe amakhala patali ndi kachisi, ndizofunikira kudziwa momwe mungafikire kudera lake. Mutha kutenga metro line A (station ya Ottaviana). Ndikofunikanso kuyenda kuchokera pa siteshoni ya Termini ndimabasi nambala 64, 40. Njira zina zimatsata kupita kukachisi - No. 32, 62, 49, 81, 271, 271.
Maola otsegulira Katolika
Tchalitchi cha Peter chiloledwa kuyendera kuyambira 7:00 mpaka 19:00. Kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi, alendo amatha kukhala mu tchalitchichi mpaka 18:30.
Lachitatu limasungidwa kwa omvera a Papa. Patsiku lino la sabata, kachisi amatsegulira alendo osakwana 13:00.
Pali ndondomeko yotsatirayi yokwera padenga:
- Epulo-Seputembara - 8: 00-18: 00.
- Okutobala-Marichi - maola otsegulira 8: 00-17: 00.
Ulendo wopita ku tchalitchi chachikulu ndiufulu kwa magulu onse a alendo. Kuti muwone ziwonetsero zomwe zili m'malo owonetsera zakale, muyenera kugula tikiti mutayima pamzere wautali.
Kulowa kumalo osungiramo zinthu zakale mu Novembala-February ndikololedwa kuyambira 10:00 mpaka 13:45. Tchuthi cha Khrisimasi ku Europe chikafika, nthawi yopatsidwa kuti muziwonera zotsalira zosiyanasiyana imakwezedwa mpaka 4:45 pm. Pamasabata kuyambira Marichi mpaka Okutobala, maholo omwe amakhala ndi ziwonetsero amayamba kugwira ntchito nthawi ya 10:00 ndikumaliza nthawi ya 16:45 (Loweruka nthawi ya 14:15).
Mutha kuyendera malo owonetserako kwaulere osapitilira kamodzi pamwezi (ndikubwera kwa Lamlungu latha, kuyambira 9:00 mpaka 13:45) ndipo pa Seputembara 27 (tsiku lino laperekedwa ku chikondwerero cha Tsiku la World Tourism Day).
