Zaka zingapo zapitazo, Empire State Building inali nyumba yayitali kwambiri ku New York, ndipo ngakhale nyumba zomwe zili zazikulu kuposa momwe zidawonekera kale, malowa akhalabe malo ofunikira kwambiri azokopa alendo. Tsiku lililonse, anthu masauzande ambiri amakwera padengapo kuti akaone Manhattan kuchokera mbali zonse. Mbiri ya mzindawu imagwirizana kwambiri ndi nyumbayi, chifukwa aliyense wokhalamo amatha kunena zambiri zosangalatsa za nyumbayo ndi mpweya.
Magawo omanga Nyumba ya Ufumu State
Ntchito yopanga ofesi yatsopano idawonekera mu 1929. Lingaliro lalikulu lazomanga linali la a William Lamb, ngakhale zolinga zomwezi zidagwiritsidwa kale ntchito pomanga nyumba zina. Makamaka, ku North Carolina ndi ku Ohio, mutha kupeza nyumba zomwe zinali zotsimikizika zomanga zazikulu ku New York mtsogolo.
M'nyengo yozizira ya 1930, ogwira ntchito adayamba kulima malowa pamalo amtsogolo, ndipo ntchito yomangayo idayamba pa Marichi 17. Ponseponse, pafupifupi anthu 3.5 zikwi adachita nawo, pomwe omanga ambiri anali osamukira kapena oimira nzika zakomweko.
Ntchito yomanga ntchitoyi idachitika nthawi yomanga mzindawo, chifukwa chake mavuto omwe anali pamalopo adayamba kumveka. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo ndi Empire State Building, nyumba ya Chrysler Building ndi Wall Street zinali zikumangidwa, aliyense ali ndi mwayi wopikisana nawo.
Zotsatira zake, Empire State Building idakhala yopambana kwambiri, ndikusungabe udindo wawo kwa zaka 39 zina. Kupambana kumeneku kunatheka chifukwa cha ntchito yolumikizidwa bwino pamalo omanga. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwapakati, pafupifupi zipinda zinayi zimamangidwa sabata iliyonse. Panali ngakhale nthawi yomwe antchito adatha kuyala pansi khumi ndi zinayi m'masiku khumi.
Zonsezi, ntchito yomanga nyumba zapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi idatenga masiku 410. Ufulu woyambitsa kuyatsa kwa ofesi yatsopanoyi udasamutsidwa kwa purezidenti yemwe anali paudindo, yemwe adalengeza kuti State State Building idatsegulidwa pa Meyi 1, 1931.
Zomangamanga zaku America
Kutalika kwa nyumbayo limodzi ndi mpweya wake ndi mamita 443.2, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi mamita 140. Mtundu wapamwamba malinga ndi lingaliro la wopanga mapulaniwo anali Art Deco, koma cholingacho chili ndi zinthu zapamwamba pakupanga. Ponseponse, Empire State Building ili ndi pansi pa 103, pomwe 16 ili pamwamba yowonjezerapo ndi magawo awiri owonera. Dera la malowa limapitilira 208 ma mita lalikulu. Anthu ambiri amadabwa kuti ndi njerwa zingati zomwe adagwiritsa ntchito pomanga nyumbayi, ndipo ngakhale palibe amene adalemba nambala yawo ndi chidutswacho, amadziwika kuti zidatenga pafupifupi mamiliyoni 10 omanga.
Denga limapangidwa ngati mpweya, kutengera lingaliro, amayenera kukhala poyimitsa ndege. Pomwe nyumba yayitali kwambiri yomangidwa nthawi imeneyo, adaganiza zoyesa kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito pamwamba pazolinga zake, koma chifukwa cha mphepo yamphamvu, sizinathandize. Zotsatira zake, mkatikati mwa zaka za zana la 20, malo okwerera ndege adasandulika nsanja yakanema.
Tikukulangizani kuti muyang'ane pa bolodi lalitali la Burj Khalifa.
Mkati, muyenera kulabadira zokongoletsa za foyer yayikulu. Kutalika kwake ndi 30 mita, ndipo kutalika kwake kukugwirizana ndi zipinda zitatu. Ma marble slabs amawonjezera kukhazikika mchipinda, ndipo zithunzi za zodabwitsa zisanu ndi ziwiri zapadziko lapansi ndizodzikongoletsa zowala. Chithunzi chachisanu ndi chitatu chikuwonetsa zojambula za Empire State Building yokha, yomwe imadziwikanso ndi nyumba zotchuka padziko lonse lapansi.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kuunikira kwa nsanja, yomwe imasintha nthawi zonse. Pali mitundu yapadera yamitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku osiyanasiyana sabata, komanso kuphatikiza kwa tchuthi chamayiko. Chochitika chilichonse chofunikira mumzinda, dziko kapena dziko lapansi chimakhala ndi mitundu yofanizira. Mwachitsanzo, tsiku lakumwalira kwa Frank Sinatra lidadziwika ndi buluu chifukwa cha dzina lotchuka polemekeza mtundu wamaso ake, komanso patsiku lokumbukira tsiku lobadwa la Mfumukazi yaku Britain, adagwiritsa ntchito masewera ochokera ku Windsor heraldry.
Zochitika zakale zomwe zimakhudzana ndi nsanjayi
Ngakhale kufunika kwa likulu laofesi, sikunatchuka nthawi yomweyo. Kuyambira pomwe Empire State Building idamangidwa, mkhalidwe wachuma wosakhazikika udalamulira ku United States, chifukwa chake makampani ambiri mdzikolo sakanakwanitsa kukhala m'maofesi onse. Nyumbayi idawonedwa ngati yopanda phindu kwa zaka pafupifupi khumi. Kunali kokha kusintha kwa umwini mu 1951 pomwe ofesi yaofesi idapeza phindu.
M'mbiri ya skyscraper, palinso masiku olira, makamaka, mkati mwa zaka za nkhondo wophulitsa ndege adawulukira mnyumbayo. 1945, pa Julayi 28, zidasokonekera pamene ndegeyo idachita ngozi pakati pa nyumba za 79 ndi 80. Kuphulika kudabola mnyumbayo mopyola muyeso, imodzi mwa zikepe idagwa kuchokera kutalika kwambiri, pomwe Betty Lou Oliver, yemwe anali mmenemo, adapulumuka ndikukhala m'modzi mwaomwe ali ndi mbiri padziko lapansi. Anthu 14 amwalira chifukwa cha izi, koma ntchito yamaofesi sinayime.
Chifukwa cha kutchuka kwake komanso kutalika kwake, Empire State Building ndiyodziwika kwambiri ndi iwo omwe akufuna kudzipha. Ndi chifukwa chake kapangidwe ka nsanja zowonera zidalimbikitsidwanso ndi mipanda. Anthu oposa 30 adzipha kuyambira pomwe nsanjayo inatsegulidwa. Zowona, nthawi zina zovuta zimatha kupewedwa, ndipo nthawi zina mlanduwo umangoganiza zokhazokha. Izi zidachitika kwa Elvita Adams, yemwe adalumphira kuchokera pa 86th, koma chifukwa cha mphepo yamphamvu adaponyedwa pansi 85, kutsika ndikungophwanyika kokha.
Tower mu chikhalidwe ndi masewera
Anthu okhala ku United States of America amakonda Empire State Building, ndichifukwa chake sizachilendo kukhala ndi ziwonetsero zokhala ndi skyscraper ziziwonetsedwa m'mafilimu amaofesi. Malo odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi a King Kong, atapachikidwa pa mphepo ndikuwombera kutali ndi ndege zomwe zikuyenda mozungulira. Mafilimu ena onsewa amapezeka patsamba lovomerezeka, pomwe pali mndandanda wamafilimu omwe ali ndi malingaliro osaiwalika a New York Tower.
Nyumbayi ndi nsanja yamipikisano yachilendo yomwe aliyense amaloledwa kutenga nawo mbali. Ndikofunikira kuthana ndi masitepe onse mpaka pansi pa 86th. Wopambana kwambiri adamaliza ntchitoyi mumphindi 9 masekondi 33, ndipo chifukwa cha izi adayenera kukwera masitepe 1576. Amayesanso ozimitsa moto ndi apolisi, koma amakwaniritsa zofunikira zonse.
Zosangalatsa za dzina la skyscraper
Ambiri sakudziwa chifukwa chake nsanjayi idalandira dzina lachilendo chonchi, lomwe lili ndi mizu "yachifumu". M'malo mwake, chifukwa chagona pakugwiritsa ntchito epithet iyi poyerekeza ndi dziko la New York. M'malo mwake, dzinali limatanthauza "Kumanga kwa boma lachifumu", lomwe potanthauzira limamveka lodziwika kwa anthu okhala m'derali.
Kusewera kosangalatsa kwamawu omwe adawonekera panthawi yachisokonezo chachikulu. Kenako, m'malo mwa Empire, mawu oti Chopanda kanthu amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, omwe anali omveka, koma amatanthauza kuti mnyumbayo mulibe kanthu. M'zaka zimenezo, malo ogwirira ntchito anali ovuta kubwereka, chifukwa chake eni a skyscraper adatayika kwambiri.
Zambiri zothandiza alendo
Alendo ku New York adzaganiziranso za momwe angafike ku Empire State Building. Skyscraper adilesi: Manhattan, Fifth Avenue, 350. Alendo adzayenera kuyima pamzere wautali, popeza anthu ambiri akufuna kukwera pazowonera.
Amaloledwa kuyang'ana pakuwona kwa mzindawu kuchokera kutalika kwa 86 ndi 102 pansi. Zokwera zimakwera pamizere yonse iwiri, koma mtengo umasintha pang'ono kuchokera apa. Ndizoletsedwa kujambula kanema pamalo ocherezera alendo, koma pachitetezo chowonera mutha kujambula zithunzi zokongola ndi chithunzi cha Manhattan.
Chokopa ndi ulendo wamavidiyo chimachitikanso pa chipinda chachiwiri, komwe mungaphunzire zambiri zakunja kwa mzindawu. Ngati muli ndi mwayi, pakhomo lolowera mudzakumana ndi King Kong, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cha malowa.
