A Victor Dragunsky (1913 - 1972) amadziwika ndi onse makamaka ngati mabuku akale achi Soviet Union. Nthano za Deniskin, zomwe zimafotokoza nkhani ya zochitika za ana angapo asukulu zapachifuwa, zidalandiridwa mwansangala kuyambira pachiyambi ndi owerenga azaka zonse. Mosiyana ndi ntchito zambiri za ana zomwe zidasindikizidwa ku USSR kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, iwo sanakhale ndi malingaliro owonekera. Deniska Korablev (prototype wa protagonist anali mwana wa Viktor Dragunsky) ndipo Mishka Elephants adadziphunzitsa okha ndikuphunzitsa owerenga pang'ono ubale, kuthandizana, luso, komanso nthawi yomweyo kuphunzitsa ana maluso ochepa othandiza.
Komabe, wolemba adalemba nkhani zake zoyambirira ali ndi zaka 46, pomwe anali ndi moyo wosangalatsa kumbuyo kwake. Kusunthira kuchokera ku kontrakitala kupita ku kontrakitala, ndikugwira ntchito, ndikusewera mu zisudzo, ndikugwira ntchito ngati nthabwala, ndipo nkhondo yalowa kale. Monga pafupifupi anzawo onse, Viktor Dragunsky anali ndi mwayi wopeza zovuta ndikukumana ndi zovuta, koma sanataye mtima ndikumwalira ngati wolemba wodziwika komanso tate wa ana atatu okongola. Nazi mfundo zazikuluzikulu kuchokera mu mbiri ya Viktor Dragunsky:
1. Mayi wazaka 20 wamtsogolo wa wolemba Rita Dragunskaya ndi bambo wazaka 19 wazaka zakubadwa Jozef Pertsovsky mu 1913 adachoka ku Gomel kupita ku North America United States komweko limodzi ndi abambo a Rita. Kumeneko, pa December 1, 1913, mwana wawo wamwamuna anabadwa. Komabe, ku America, zinthu zidasokonekera kwa banjali, abambo a Rita adamwalira ndi poyizoni wamagazi atachotsedwa mano, ndipo mchilimwe cha 1914 banja lidabwerera ku Gomel. Ndendende mpaka pomwe nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse idayamba.
New York koyambirira kwa zaka makumi awiri
2. Abambo a Dragunsky adamwalira mu 1918. Victor anali ndi abambo awiri opeza: commissar wofiira Ippolit Voitsekhovich, yemwe adamwalira mu 1920, ndi wosewera Menachem Rubin, yemwe banja limakhala naye mpaka 1925. Kutsatira maulendo a Rubin, banjali lidayenda ku Russia. Rubin atapeza mwayi wopindulitsa, iye, mosazengereza, adathawira koyamba ku Moscow, kenako ku United States, ndikusiya banja lake osapeza chilichonse.
3. Victor Dragunsky anali ndi mchimwene wake Leonid. Asanachitike Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lanu, adakwanitsa kukhala m'ndende, ndipo mu 1943 adamwalira kutsogolo.
4. Dragunsky adadwala mphumu yoopsa, ndipo sanafike kutsogolo. M'magulu ankhondo, gulu lake limamanga nyumba zotetezera pafupi ndi Mozhaisk. Popanda kuzunguliridwa, asitikali adakwanitsa kupita kwawo ataphulika akasinja aku Germany. Pambuyo pake, Dragoonsky nthawi zambiri ankapita kutsogolo ndi gulu la ojambula.
Asitikali aku Moscow, 1941. Samalani zovala
5. Mu nthawi yake yopuma kuchokera ku maphunziro akusukulu, wolemba wamtsogolo wa mwezi adakhala ngati woyendetsa bwato. Atangomaliza kumene sukulu, Victor adayamba kugwira ntchito. Choyamba, anali wothandizira wotembenuza pa fakitale ya Samotochka, kenako adakhala wonyamula zida - adapanga zingwe za akavalo ku fakitale ya Sport-Tourism.
6. Ubwana ndi unyamata, amakhala pa siteji, adawawononga, ndipo ali ndi zaka 17 atagwira ntchito, adayamba kuphunzira pamsonkhano wa a Alexei Dikiy. Mbuyeyo, poyamba, anali wokonda kuseka komanso nthabwala zowoneka bwino, ndipo chachiwiri, mabuku amaphunzitsidwanso pamsonkhanowu. Izi zinakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya Dragoonsky.
Alexey Dikiy ngati Stalin
7. Chiyambi cha zisudzo cha Dragoonsky chidachitika mu 1935 ku Transport Theatre (tsopano ili ndi Gogol Center, yomwe yatchuka osati chifukwa cha machitidwe ake, koma chifukwa cha milandu yayikulu yabodza). Victor adatenga maudindo mu Theatre of the Movie Actor, koma ntchitoyi inali yachilendo - panali ochita zisudzo ambiri, koma maudindo ochepa.
8. Mu 1944, Dragoonsky adadabwitsa aliyense popita ku circus. Kumeneko anali wonyezimira wofiira tsitsi, pier idasewera bwino kwambiri. Ana makamaka ankakonda maulendo ake. Natalya Durova, yemwe adamuwona ngati kamtsikana kakang'ono, adakumbukira zomwe Dragunsky adachita moyo wake wonse, ngakhale pambuyo pake adawona zikwi zikwi.
Wofiyira wofiira
9. Dragoonsky pafupifupi single-handly adapanga gulu lofanizira, lomwe lidachita bwino kwambiri pakati pa ochita zisudzo komanso okonda zisudzo. Mwalamulo, kugwira ntchito mmenemo sikunakhazikitsidwe mwanjira iliyonse, koma kumapereka ndalama zambiri. Komanso, Dragunsky anafunsidwa kuti apange gulu laling'ono lofanana ku Mosestrad. Ntchito yolembedwa ndi Viktor Yuzefovich idayamba ndikulemba zojambula ndi nyimbo za parodists. Zinovy Gerdt, Yevgeny Vesnik ndi wachichepere kwambiri panthawiyo Yuri Yakovlev ndi Rolan Bykov omwe adasewera mu "Blue Bird" - linali dzina la timu yopangidwa ndi Dragunsky.
"Blue Bird" ikuchita
10. Chokhacho chomwe Dragunsky adachita mu cinema chinali kujambula mu kanema wodziwika ndi Mikhail Romm "Russian Question", pomwe wochita seweroli adachita ngati wolengeza wailesi.
Dragunsky mu "funso laku Russia"
11. "Nkhani za a Denis" zoyambirira 13 zidalembedwa nthawi yozizira ya 1958/1959 ku dacha kozizira mzindawo. Malinga ndi kukumbukira kwamasiku am'mbuyomu, asadadandaule za kuchepa kwa ntchito yake. "Mbalame Yabuluu" idathetsedwa - Khrushchev thaw idabwera, ndipo zidutswa zomwe zidasangalatsa omvera munthawi ya Stalin tsopano zidasinthidwa ndi mawu wamba, osasiya mpata wakuseka kwanzeru. Ndipo tsopano kuchepa kudayamba kunyamuka.
12. Chitsanzo cha Denis Korablev, monga tanenera kale, anali mwana wa wolemba. Mnzake Misha Slonov analinso ndi zinachitika weniweni. Mnzake dzina lake Denis Dragunsky anali Mikhail Slonim, adamwalira pangozi yagalimoto mu 2016.
Zotengera. Denis kumanzere
13. Zonsezi, Dragunsky adalemba 70 "Nkhani za Denis." Kutengera nkhanizi, adawombera makanema 10 ndi chiwembu chazolemba za Yeralash. Kuphatikiza apo, Dragunsky adalemba nkhani ziwiri, zowonetsera zingapo ndi zisudzo.
14. The dacha, kapena kani, nyumba yakanthawi kochepa (pambuyo pake idasandulika nyumba) yomwe idakhala malo obadwirako "Nkhani za Denis", adabwereka Viktor ndi Alla Dragunsky kuchokera kwa wolemba mabuku Vladimir Zhdanov. Iye, ali ndi zaka 50, anapotoza "dzuwa" pa bar ndipo nthawi zonse ankanyoza Dragunsky chifukwa chonenepa kwambiri (Dragunsky sanali wonenepa kwambiri, koma anali ndi makilogalamu 20 owonjezera). Wolembayo amangosekerera mwabwino. Zhdanov, yemwe anali wamkulu zaka ziwiri ndipo adapulumuka Dragunsky ndi zaka 9, adamwalira ndi zovuta pambuyo pochita opaleshoni yapa khungu yomwe idayambitsa khansa.
15. Kuchokera paukwati wake ndi wochita sewero Elena Kornilova, yemwe adatha mu 1937, Dragunsky adakhala ndi mwana wamwamuna yemwe adamwalira ku 2007. Wobadwa mu 1937, Leonid adabereka dzina la amayi ake. Anakhala mtolankhani komanso mkonzi wodziwika bwino, ndipo adagwira ntchito nyuzipepala ya Izvestia kwa nthawi yayitali. Mabuku angapo adatuluka pansi pa cholembera chake. Leonid Kornilov adakhazikitsa nyumba yotchuka yofalitsa mabuku ku Maroseyka. Mkazi wachiwiri wa Viktor Yuzefovich, Alla Semichastnova, nayenso ankachita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi - anamaliza maphunziro awo ku VGIK. Muukwati wachiwiri, a Dragoonskys anali ndi mwana wamwamuna, Denis, ndi mwana wamkazi, Xenia. Nkhani yoti "Mlongo Wanga Ksenia" idaperekedwa kuti amayi ndi Ksenia abwere kuchokera kuchipatala.
16. Mkazi wachiwiri wa wolemba, Alla, adakulira mnyumba mu Granovsky Street, momwe atsogoleri ambiri aku Soviet Union amakhala. Anali kugwedeza mutu akudziwana ndi ana awo ambiri. Pamene Dragunsky anali ndi mavuto chifukwa chosowa chilolezo chokhala ku Moscow, Alla adapita kukawona Vasily ngati wachiwiri wa Supreme Soviet, ndipo lingaliro la mwana wamtsogoleriyo lidachotsa mavuto onse.
17. Viktor Yuzefovich adatolera mabelu. Nyumba yawo yazipinda zitatu, yomwe adalandira atapambana nthano za Denis, idapachikidwa ndi mabelu. Anzanga omwe amadziwa za zomwe wolemba adachita adawabweretsera kuchokera kulikonse.
18. Dragoonsky anali nthabwala yodziwika bwino. Tsiku lina anali paulendo wopita ku Sweden ndipo adawona gulu la alendo aku Soviet Union. Kutenga, monga momwe amamvera, mawonekedwe a mlendo waku Russia, wolemba adayesera kuyankhula nawo mu Russian wosweka. Alendo adathawa mwamantha, koma Viktor Yuzefovich adathabe kugwira m'modzi wawo. Ankawoneka ngati mnzake wakale waku Dragunsky, yemwe anali asanawonane naye kwazaka zopitilira 30.
19. Kuyambira 1968, wolemba adadwala kwambiri. Choyamba, adadwala matenda otupa m'mimba, kenako Dragoonsky adadwala sitiroko. Anakhala ndi chotupa muubongo, ndipo ngakhale imfa yake, Viktor Yuzefovich adamva zowawa zazikulu.
20. Viktor Dragunsky adamwalira pa Meyi 6, 1972 ndipo adaikidwa m'manda ku Vagankovsky.
