Pa gombe lakumwera chakumadzulo kwa Crimea, lotsukidwa ndi mafunde a Nyanja Yakuda, Tauric Chersonesos yakale imakwera, pomwe mlendoyo amakumana ndi mbiri ya mzaka za 25 za mzindawu. Ngakhale mabwinja a Chigiriki chakale, Chiroma chakale, chipolopolo cha Byzantine chimayambira ndi chiyambi chawo.
Zinsinsi za Tauric Chersonesos
Chersonesos amakono amapezeka patsamba lanyumba yakale yomwe idakwiriridwa ndikusoweka pansi panthaka. Mu Greek amatanthauza "chilumba cha Taurus", mafuko omenyana omwe amakhala kuno. Okhazikika oyamba kupita ku Cape of Heracles anali Agiriki. Coloni idakula ndikulimba; pambuyo pake, kudzera mu zokambirana, nkhondo zogonjetsa, adachita bwino. Chersonesus Tauride ndi mboni ya mbiriyakale yamphamvu zitatu, zomwe zinali:
- chitukuko chakale cha Agiriki, Hellas;
- Roma wamphamvu;
- Mkhristu Byzantium.
Muulamuliro wachi Greek, ulamuliro wademokalase udaphatikizidwa ndi maziko okhala ndi akapolo. Apolisi olimba pachuma motsogozedwa ndi Artemi wamkulu adachita nawo zikondwerero, zikondwerero, ndi mpikisano wamasewera. Wolemba mbiri Sirisk (III century BC) adalemba malongosoledwe a Chersonesos, mfundo zakunja pokhudzana ndi ufumu wa Bosporus komanso madera a Black Sea. Nthawi ya Bosporus idadziwika ndi republic chifukwa chakuchepa kwachuma, kuletsa ufulu wa demokalase.
Zaka zana zapitazo BC e. mzinda wakale umadziwika kuti ndi malo oyambira Ufumu wa Roma. Zochita zankhanza zikuchitika m'maiko oyandikana nawo. Ndondomeko ya olamulira imakhazikitsidwa ndi mfundo za oligarchy.
Chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano chimadziwika ndikubwera pang'onopang'ono kwa Chikhristu motsogozedwa ndi Byzantium. Pambuyo pa zaka mazana anayi, chiphunzitsochi chidavomerezedwa mwalamulo. Pakati pa Middle Ages, ma polis adakhala likulu la Chikhristu, lodzaza ndi nyumba za amonke, mipingo, nyumba zachifumu, malo okhala mobisa. Nyumba yachifumuyo, yomwe inali ndi mizere iwiri ya mipanda yotetezera, inkateteza anthuwo ku adani. Komabe, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XIV, Atatar osamukasamuka anawononga mzindawo, ndipo zotsalira zake zinakuta phulusa ndi nthaka.
Pambuyo pake (XVIII century), mzinda wa Sevastopol udakhazikitsidwa kutali ndi komwe apolisi adasowa. Mu 1827, kafukufuku woyamba wofukula mabwinja adayamba. Zotsatira zake zidawululira pang'onopang'ono dziko lapansi kuti libwezeretsenso nyumba zakale, mabwalo, misewu ndi mipingo.
Pamaziko ofukula mu 1892, Archaeological Museum idapangidwa; ili ndi zaka 126. Kufukula kukupitirirabe mpaka lero. Dziko lapansi limakhala ndi zinsinsi komanso umboni wakale. Asayansi ochokera kumaiko akunja akuwonetsa chidwi ndi kafukufuku. Antiquities amadziwika kuti Tauric Chersonesos ngati malo otukuka azikhalidwe, ndale, komanso azachuma mdera la Black Sea.
Masewera amisili, timbewu tonunkhira, ndi acropolis adatsegulidwa kwa wamasiku ano. Bwalo lamasewera, ma basilica owonongeka, zidutswa zamakoma achitetezo zidapangidwanso. Zisonyezo m'malo otseguka zikuchitira umboni za moyo wa anthu amatauni. Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale m'madzi apeza malo am'madzi, mbali zina zombo zouma, zipilala, nyumba zam'mbali mwa nyanja, nangula zomangira pansi panyanja. Zinthu zakale kwambiri zimawonetsedwa ku Hermitage ku St.
Dera la Chersonesos ndi Historical and Archaeological State Museum-Reserve. Idalembedwa ngati UNESCO World Heritage Site, koma kuyambira 2014 umphumphu wake sunayang'aniridwe.
Zolingalira, zosangalatsa
Zochitika zambiri zochititsa chidwi, magawo a "zowunikira" amalumikizidwa ndi Chersonesos Tauride:
- Malo awa anachezeredwa ndi Mfumukazi Yachi Greek Olga Konstantinovna, mdzukulu wa Nicholas I, Greek George.
- Mu 988 kalonga wa Kiev Vladimir adabatizidwa pano.
- Ulamuliro wandale wa Constantinople udatumiza kuno konyozetsa Papa Clement I ndi Martin I, Emperor Justinian II, komanso mnzake F Vardan.
- Catherine II, wokonda chikhalidwe chachi Greek, kusaina lamulo lokhazikitsa mzinda ku Dnieper, adamupatsa dzina loti Kherson polemekeza dzina lakale. Iyi inali nthawi ya Crimea Khanate.
- Tsars Alexander II wokhala ndi tsarina, Alexander III ndi Emperor wotsiriza Nicholas II adatenga nawo gawo pokonza amonke.
- Bell yotchuka imawonetsedwa mu kanema wonena za zochitika za Pinocchio, pomwe otchulidwa amafika ku Field of Miracles. Amawonekera m'mafilimu "Spetsnaz", "Imfa kwa Azondi", "Chikondi pa Chilumba cha Imfa".
- Chersonese Tauric ndiye malo okhawo aku Dorian pachilumba, mzinda wakale pomwe moyo sunayime mpaka m'zaka za zana la XIV.
Nchiyani chimakopa malowa?
Zikumbutso zapadera zachikhalidwe komanso zanthawi yodabwitsa zimadabwitsa malingaliro a alendo, Tauric Chersonesos imawulula zodabwitsa zamakedzana. Zokopa zazikulu za zovuta:
Agora - bwalo pomwe malingaliro ake adasankhidwa
Ili pakatikati, mumsewu waukulu, womangidwa mzaka za 5th BC. e. Anthu okhala m'matawuni adathetsa zovuta zofunika pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku kuno. Apa amapembedza mafano a milungu, amayendera akachisi, maguwa. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Chikhristu, mipingo 7 idakhazikitsidwa pa agora. Kenako, tchalitchi chachikulu chinamangidwa pano polemekeza Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich.
Masewero
Bwalo lamasewera lakale lokha ku Russia. Apa panali zisudzo zokongola za anthu zikwi zitatu, tchuthi, zikondwerero, misonkhano ya nzika. Idamangidwa pamphambano wa zaka za zana lachitatu ndi lachinayi BC. e. Panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Roma, ndewu zomenyera nkhondo zinkachitikira m'bwalo lamasewera. Bwalo lamasewera lakale linali ndimayala 12, nsanja ya oimba ndi kuvina, komanso bwalo.
Pofika Chikhristu, zochitika zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa zidatha, bwaloli lidagwa pang'onopang'ono, mipingo iwiri yachikhristu idamangidwa m'malo mwake. Zotsalira za m'modzi zapulumuka - "Kachisi wokhala ndi Likasa".
Tchalitchi mu Tchalitchi
Kachisi wamakedzana wopangidwa ndi nyumba ziwiri zoyambira. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti kachisi wachiwiri adamangidwa pamabwinja a woyamba. Ma basilicas akunja ndi amkati abwezeretsedwanso ndi ntchito za akatswiri ofukula zakale. Mu 2007, anthu olowererawo anawononga zipilala za miyala ya nsangalabwi ndi zojambula pamtanda komanso pansi pake.
Tower of the Byzantine Emperor Zeno
Uku ndikumanga kolimba kwa chitetezo chakumanzere kwa mzindawo, chinthu chosungidwa bwino. Chinsanjacho chinali ndi njira zoyandikira, kumenyera magulu ankhondo a adani, chinali ndi chitetezo chodzitchinjiriza, nthawi zambiri chimamalizidwa ndikusinthidwa. Pofika zaka za zana la 10, kutalika kwake kunali 9 m, m'mimba mwake kudafika 23 m.
Misty belu
Ku Quarantine Bay, belu lochititsa chidwi, lopangidwa ndi mfuti zaku Turkey, limapachikidwa pakati pazipilala ziwiri. Poyambirira idapangidwira Mpingo wa Sevastopol wa St. Nicholas. Oyera a Nicholas ndi Foka omwe amawonetsedwa pamenepo amalimbikitsa oyendetsa sitima. Kumapeto kwa Nkhondo ya Crimea, chiwonetserocho chinatengedwa kupita ku France, ku Paris Notre Dame. Mu 1913, idabwezeretsedwera m'malo mwake, ndikugwira ntchito ngati chizindikiro chowunikira. Tsopano alendo akuyitcha, kupanga zokhumba ndikujambula zithunzi kuti azikumbukira. "Bell of Wishes" ndi malo okondwerera alendo.
Vladimirsky Cathedral
Kachisi wamkulu wa Orthodox, wogwira ntchito kuyambira 1992. Yomangidwa mu 1861 pamalo pomwe kalonga waku Kiev akuti adalandira mwambowu. Pansi pansi pakachisi pali Tchalitchi cha Amayi Oyera a Mulungu, kumtunda - Alexander Nevsky ndi Vladimir.
M'dera la Tauric Chersonesos pali zinthu zowonongedwa mumzinda - smithy, nyumba yamalonda, malo ogulitsira vinyo, malo osambira. Komanso malo okhala, nyumba yachifumu, dziwe losambira, mausoleum ndi nyumba zina kuyambira nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza pa mabwinja akale, malo owonetserako malowa akuphatikizapo malo achitetezo akale a Kalamita pafupi ndi Sevastopol.
Chidziwitso kwa mlendo
Ali kuti: Mzinda wa Sevastopol, mumsewu wa Drevnyaya, 1.
Maola ogwira ntchito: nthawi yotentha (kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka Seputembara) 2018 - kuyambira 7 mpaka 20 maola masiku asanu ndi awiri pasabata, nthawi yozizira - kuyambira 8:30 mpaka 17:30. Kuloledwa ku gawoli kumatha theka la ola nthawi yotseka isanachitike. Khomo ndi laulere. Nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale zimatsegulidwa kuyambira 9 koloko mpaka 6 koloko madzulo.
Momwe mungafikire kumeneko: ndikosavuta kuyendetsa galimoto yanu kupita ku Taurida pafupi ndi mlatho wa Crimea. Mukamayenda pa sitima, pitani ku Simferopol. Kuchokera apa, mukwere basi yopita ku Sevastopol, komwe ma minibus amayenda kuchokera kokwerera basi kupita kumalo osungirako. Kuchokera mumzinda basi №22-A ikupititsani kuimitsa "Chersonesos Tavricheskiy".
Zakale zimapempha chidwi
Ulendo wokondweretsa kukawona malo ndi wowongolera ndiulendo wosangalatsa wa akatswiri ofukula zakale kudutsa zakale zakale. Mtengo wamatikiti akuluakulu ndi ma ruble 300, a ana, ophunzira, opindula - ma ruble 150.
Tikupangira kuyang'ana kumatawuni aku Russia.
Kuwunikaku kumatenga maola osachepera 1.5-2. Mabwinja a mzinda wakale, tsatanetsatane wa zomangamanga zakale ali pafupi ndi nyumba zatsopano. Wokaona amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi nyanja, kumvetsera kulira kwa belu, kujambula zithunzi zochititsa chidwi motsutsana ndi zakale, kwakanthawi akudziwonetsa ngati Hellen wonyada, wonyada.
Palibe chomwe chingakulepheretseni kuti muphunzire nokha za Tauric Chersonesos. Pakhomo pali chithunzi chosonyeza malo azinthuzo. Kudziwa bwino ziwonetsero zanyumba yakale ndi njira yabwino yopezera nthawi yopuma. Gawoli lili ndi mabenchi, mabedi amaluwa, zimbudzi, chitetezo. Mutha kukhala ndi zodyera mu cafe. Wofufuzayo amaloledwa kutenga nawo mbali pazofukula ndikupeza luso la wofukula za m'mabwinja. Chersonesus Tauride ipindulitsira alendo ndi chidziwitso chatsopano, mawonedwe, pali china chake chodabwitsidwa, chosiririka komanso chodabwitsa nacho.
