Mikhailovsky Castle, kapena Engineering Castle (itha kutchedwa choncho), ndi amodzi mwamanyumba ochititsa chidwi komanso osazolowereka ku St. Omangidwa ndi lamulo la Emperor Paul I, lokonzedwa mwachikondi komanso mosamalitsa ngati chisa cha makolo amtsogolo cha mzera wamphamvu komanso wokhala nyumba yachifumu kwakanthawi kochepa, Mikhailovsky Castle, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zakale komanso chipilala, ili pakatikati pa likulu la kumpoto. Imayang'anizana ndi Munda wa Chilimwe ndi Munda wa Mars ndipo ili patali pang'ono ndi Arts Square ndi Nevsky Prospect.
Pali mtundu womwe ntchito yachifumuyo idapangidwa ndi V.I.Bazhenov, waluso waluso, woganiza za lingaliro la chimodzi mwazinthu zomangamanga kwambiri ku St. Petersburg. Komabe, olemba mbiri yaku Western akuti lingaliro lolimba la mamangidwe ndi la a Vincenzo Brenna aku Italiya, omwe adayambitsa nyumba zachifumu zaku Pavlovsk. Kupatula apo, Brenna adamanga Nyumba ya Mikhailovsky.
Kapangidwe kameneka kali kosiyana kwambiri. Mtundu wake - kukonda zachikhalidwe - komwe adatengera kuchokera kumangidwe a Western Enlightenment. Poyamba, mawonekedwe achikondi amatchedwa njira yotsutsana ndi classicism - yovuta, yololera, kumapeto kwa 17 - koyambirira kwa zaka za 19th. motsutsana ndi kunyada komanso "kukongola" kwamitundu ina - monga Rococo. Chikondi, chomwe chimayambitsidwa mwachikale, chidapanga ntchito zomangamanga zomwe sizingatengeredwe, zomwe ndizovuta kunena zomwe zili mkati mwawo - kuphweka ndi kudzichepetsa kapena kukongoletsa komanso kudzikongoletsa.
Malinga ndi nthano, nyumbayi idalandira utoto wake wowoneka bwino, wotumbululuka, wofiyira wotumbululuka, wonyezimira, polemekeza magolovesi ovala Lopukhina, wokondedwa wa Paul I, yemwe adasamukira naye kunyumba yachifumu. Palinso mtundu wina, wonunkhira zopeka, wonena za wokondedwa wina, wamaso akuda ndi tsitsi lofiira, yemwe mfumuyo akuti imalankhula ndi chikondi: "Utsi ndi moto!" Kumapeto kwa nyumbayi, nyumbayo inayamba bwino kwambiri.
Kunja ndi kukongoletsa kwamakalata a Mikhailovsky Castle
- Mwina nyumba yachifumu, kapena malo achitetezo.
- Kutsiriza kwa thupi.
- Zithunzi za nyumbayi.
- Zowonjezera kumtunda wakumwera: chipilala cha Peter Wamkulu wokwera pamahatchi ndi Maple Alley.
Mwakuwoneka, Nyumba ya Mikhailovsky ikuwoneka ngati chatsekedwa chokhala ndi bwalo lalikulu lalikulu, kuchokera pamaso a mbalame momwe amafananira ndi linga. Paul Ndidawopa ziwembu zaku khothi (kuchokera kumodzi mwa zomwe adamwalira pambuyo pake) ndipo mwakufuna kapena mosazindikira amafuna kubisala, kuti abisalire mu linga lodalirika. Mantha osaneneka, olimbikitsidwa ndi kuneneratu kokhumudwitsa (mwina mthunzi wa Peter Wamkulu adawonekera kwa iye, kapena mayi wachigypsy), adamukakamiza kuti achoke ku Winter Palace ndikukakhazikika munyumba yatsopano, yomangidwa pamalo a Summer Palace of Empress Elizabeth. Emperor Emperor wamtsogolo adabadwira ku Palace Palace.
Zokongoletsa za nyumbayi zidachitidwa ndi osema odziwika nthawi imeneyo - Thibault ndi P. Stagi, ojambula - A. Wigi ndi DB Scotti ndi ena. Zipangizo zokwera mtengo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza malowa zidapatsa nyumbayi ulemu. Marble omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga adakonzedwa ku Cathedral ya St. Isaac.
Zithunzi za Mikhailovsky Castle sizofanana. Mbali yakum'mawa, yomwe imawonekera pagombe la Fontanka, imadziwika kuti ndi yocheperako, pomwe yakummwera ndiyofunika kwambiri.
Mbali yakumpoto, kapena mbali yayikulu yakutsogolo kwa nyumbayi ikuyang'ana ku Chilimwe Chilimwe ndi Munda wa Mars. M'dziwe la Munda wa Chilimwe nyengo yotentha, mutha kuwona mawonekedwe apansi ndi nyumba zapamwamba za nyumbayi. Façade yakumpoto imalandira alendo obwera kubwalo lalikulu lokhala ndi zipilala za marble.
M'chigawo chapakati chakumadzulo kwa Mikhailovsky Castle, moyang'anizana ndi Sadovaya Street, pali dome lobiriwira lokhala ndi zonunkhira zampingo, momwe amapempherera banja lachifumu. Kachisiyu adamangidwa polemekeza Angelo Akuluakulu Michael, yemwe adapatsa nyumbayi dzina lake.
Nyumbayi ili pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Fontanka ndi mbali yake yakum'mawa. Pali bwalo lamkati, lomwe lili pakatikati ndipo moyang'anizana ndi bwalo lomwelo kumadzulo (komwe kuli tchalitchi). Iyi ndi Oval Hall, yomwe inali yazipinda zachifumu. Monga tchalitchichi, bwaloli limakwezedwa ndi kansalu kakang'ono ndi kotsalira kofananira.
Mbali yakumwera ili ndi miyala yamiyala ndipo ili ndi khonde lofunkha, lomwe limayang'ana kumbuyo kwa nyumbayi monga chinthu chachilendo, chosayembekezereka. Zipilala zokhala ndi zida zankhondo zaku Middle Ages zimamaliza chithunzi cha ukulu.
Mbali yakum'mwera ndiyotchuka komanso yoonekera chifukwa chakumangidwa kwa chipilala cha Peter I.Chinali chipilala choyamba ku St. Petersburg komanso ku Russia chosonyeza mfumu yosintha mahatchi. Mtundu wake wotsogola udapangidwa ndi BK Rastrelli wamkulu pa moyo wa Peter Wamkulu, mu 1719 - koyambirira kwa ma 1720. Kenako, zaka makumi anayi pambuyo pake, chipilalacho chidaponyedwa kuchokera ku bronze, koma pambuyo pake adayenera kudikiranso zaka zina makumi anayi kuti iye alamulire pamalopo. Chojambulacho chimakongoletsedwa ndi Olonets marble (chitha kupezeka munyumba yokhayokha). Zithunzi zokonda dziko lawo zosonyeza Nkhondo ya Poltava ndi nkhondo yodziwika bwino ku Cape Gangut zimakongoletsa izi.
Maple Avenue yayitali komanso yayitali imatsogolera kummwera chakumwera. Nthawi iliyonse yophukira ikafika ku St. Petersburg, masamba a mapulo, ofiira, ngati mtundu wa makomawo, amatsindika za kukongola kwa nyumbayi. Kudzanja lamanja ndi lamanzere la msewuwo pali mahema omwe adamangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1700 - 1800. Owapanga ndiamisiri V. Bazhenov komanso wosema ziboliboli F. G. Gordeev.
Mikhailovsky Castle: mawonekedwe amkati
- Mkati mwa nyumbayi okonda zithunzi.
- Chinyezi ndi mwanaalirenji.
- Zithunzi za Raphael.
- Chipinda chachifumu.
- Oval holo.
Mkati mwa nyumbayi muli ma marble ambiri, kuphatikiza amitundu yambiri. Zithunzi za Hercules ndi Flora ndizouma pazitali zawo, kuyang'anira masitepe oyambira pakhomo lolowera kumpoto. Kutsekera m'zipinda ndizopakidwa modabwitsa.
Aliyense akhoza kupita ku Mikhailovsky Castle ndikujambula zithunzi zosaiwalika mkati. M'mbuyomu, kuwombera kumangoperekedwa, koma pofika 2016 aliyense amaloledwa kujambula, komabe, popanda kung'anima. Komabe, alendo akuwona kuti kuyatsa kwanyumbayi kwachepa, utoto ndi chandeliers zimawala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kujambula.
Pamene akusuntha, mfumu inali yofulumira kwambiri kotero kuti sinadikire kumaliza ntchito yomaliza. Anthu akale anazindikira kuti nyumba yachifumu yokhala ndi makoma achinyezi komanso nsabwe zamatabwa zokwawa pakati pazithunzi zokongola ndizowononga moyo. Koma Paul sindinayimitsidwe ndi chinyezi, adangolamula kuti akhomere zipinda zapabanja lake ndi mtengo. Paul Ndidayesa kubweza nyumba zokhala ndi nyumba zachifumu zokhala ndi zokongola zamkati.
Malo odziwika bwino azipinda zamkati ndi Mpando Wachifumu, Oval ndi Nyumba Za Tchalitchi, zomwe zasunga zokongoletsa zoyambirira, komanso Raphael Gallery. The Raphael Gallery amatchulidwa chifukwa kale ankapachikidwa ndi makalapeti pomwe ntchito za waluso wamkulu zidakopedwa. Masiku ano, mutha kuwona zojambula ndi akatswiri ena odziwika mu nthawi ya Renaissance.
Makoma a Mpando Wachifumu, womwe unali wozungulira, kale anali wokutidwa ndi veleveti wobiriwira, ndipo mpando wachifumuwo unali wofiira. Mafumu achi Roma omwe anali ngati mabasi omwe amaikidwa pamwamba pazitseko mumipando yapadera amateteza khomo. Kuchokera pakukongoletsa, kumtunda, mipando yamitengo yamtengo wapatali ndi zokondweretsa zina mpaka pano, china chake chidasungidwa.
Nyumba yovundikira idakongoletsedwa mwapadera komanso modabwitsa: zojambulajambula, zifanizo zaku Italy zidakalipobe mpaka pano. K. Albani ankagwira ntchito zamkati nthawi yama Pavlovia. Milungu yomwe idachokera ku Olympus imakongoletsa doko lopangidwa ndi A. Vigi. Zoona, sizinthu zonse zopulumuka zomwe zidapulumuka: panthawi yokonzanso pambuyo pokhala kunyumba yachifumu ya sukulu ya uinjiniya, china chake chimayenera kuchotsedwa.
Zamkati mwa Mikhailovsky Castle ndizabwino kwambiri komanso zokongola. Komabe, atapha mfumu, chuma chake chachikulu - zojambula, zosemedwa ndi zojambulajambula - zidatumizidwa ku nyumba zina zachifumu: Zima, Tauride, Marble. Banja la Paul I lidasiyanso nyumbayi kwamuyaya, ndikubwerera ku banja lakale - Winter Palace.
Nthano ndi mithunzi ya nyumbayi
- Tsoka ndi nyumba yachifumu.
- Mzimu wa Mikhailovsky Castle.
- Mbiri yakale ya Engineering Castle.
Mikhailovsky Castle ili ndi mbiri yake yodabwitsa komanso yomvetsa chisoni, yolumikizana kwambiri ndi mbiri ya moyo ndi imfa ya Mlengi wake. Mu 1801, pa Marichi 11, Emperor Paul I adaphedwa mwachinyengo ku Mikhailovsky Castle, komwe ntchito yomaliza idakalipobe.
Kulanda nyumba yachifumu, komwe kunaphatikizapo kupha mwankhanza, kudachitika chifukwa chosakhutira ndi otsutsa pakusintha kwachuma kwa mfumu, kuwongolera mabungwe, komwe kumanenedwa ndi Paul I, kusagwirizana kwa boma, nyumba zosinthira asitikali ndi zisankho zina. Mgwirizano ndi Napoleon, womaliza ndi Paul I mu 1800, udawopseza Russia kuchokera ku England. Mwina mfumuyo sinali yolakwika kwambiri: nkhondo ndi France, yomwe Russia idalibe mikangano yayikulu kale kapena pambuyo pake, pambuyo pake adawonetsa izi, koma otsutsa - omwe adathandizira amayi omaliza a Emperor Catherine the Great - adaganiza mosiyana.
Emperor adadzutsidwa pakati pausiku, amafuna kuti atule pansi mpando wachifumuwo, ndipo poyankha kukana adakomedwa ndi mpango. Anali ndi zaka makumi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi. Kutalika kwa kukhalapo kwa Paul I mu Mikhailovsky Castle kudakhala kwachinsinsi: masiku makumi anayi okha, kuyambira pa 1 February mpaka 11 Marichi.
Kusakhutira ndi mfumu kunabweretsa tsoka, zomwe zimatha kupezekabe mu nyumba yolimba yanyumba, pomwe nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ilipo. Zikuwoneka kuti pansi pake pali chinsinsi china chomwe chikukhalabe mpaka pano, chomwe chingakhudze kwakanthawi ndi iwo omwe abwera paulendo. Pali nthano yoti Paul I amaima pazenera la chipinda chake chogona tsiku lililonse lokumbukira imfa yake, amawerengera odutsa ndipo, powerenga makumi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri, akutenga munthu wosauka uja. Emperor, yemwe wasandulika mzimu, amayenda m'makonde a nyumba yake yachifumu usiku, amawopseza alonda usiku ndi zikopa ndi matepi, ndipo mthunzi wake pakhoma ukuwoneka bwino usiku.
Masomphenya osamvetsetseka awa adabweretsa ma komiti pazinthu zosasangalatsa ku Nyumba ya Mikhailovsky. Ndipo mamembala amakomisheni, kuphatikiza omwe sakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu, adanena kuti zochitika pafupifupi khumi ndi ziwiri zidalembedwa munyumbayi zomwe sizinafotokozeredwe malinga ndi sayansi.
M'zaka za m'ma 1820, nyumba yachifumu yanthawi yayitali idasamutsidwa ndikupita ku Nikolaev Engineering School ndikusintha dzina la Engineering Castle.
Sukulu ya uinjiniya inamaliza maphunziro a ana ambiri aamuna aulemerero, omwe adziwonetsa okha kuti si akatswiri oyenerera. Chifukwa chake, m'modzi mwa omaliza maphunziro anali F. M. Dostoevsky. M'zaka zisanachitike zisudzo, ngwazi ya Soviet Union D. Karbyshev anamaliza sukuluyi, yemwe pambuyo pake adakhala lieutenant General wa asitikali ankhondo.
Munthawi ya Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lanu, chipatala chinagwira ntchito mu Mikhailovsky Castle, ndipo chipilala cha Peter I chidayikidwa pansi kuti chitetezedwe ku zipolopolo.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwone Nyumba ya Trakai.
Alendo adzauzidwa zonsezi paulendo wawo akabwera ku Mikhailovsky Castle.
Momwe mungafikire ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale komanso nthawi yoyendera
- Malo osungirako zinthu zakale.
- Ntchito sabata iliyonse.
- Mtengo woyendera magulu osiyanasiyana a nzika.
- Zisonyezero ndi ziwonetsero kuphatikiza pulogalamu yayikulu.
Adilesi yake ndi Sadovaya Street, 2. Sizovuta kufikira kumeneko. Muyenera kufika pa siteshoni ya metro "Nevsky Prospekt" kapena "Gostiny Dvor" (siteshoni yomweyo, mzere wosiyana chabe) ndikuyenda kwa mphindi khumi mumsewu wa Sadovaya, kulowera ku Field of Mars.
Maola otsegulira nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale amakhala ofanana masiku onse a sabata, kupatula Lachiwiri - tsiku lokhalo lopumira - ndi Lachinayi. Lachinayi, malo osungiramo zinthu zakale amakhala otseguka kwa alendo ochokera 1 koloko masana ndipo amatseka mochedwa kuposa masiku onse pa 9 koloko masana. Maola otsegulira masiku ena kuyambira 10 koloko m'mawa mpaka 6 koloko madzulo.
Pamtengo, kuyendera malo osungirako zinthu zakale kumapezeka pafupifupi pafupifupi aliyense. Mu 2017, mtengo wamatikiti amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya alendo udayikidwa motere. Akuluakulu aku Russia ndi aku Belarus amalipira ma ruble mazana awiri, ophunzira ndi opuma pantchito amalipira zana, ana osakwana zaka sikisitini ndiulere. Mtengo wa alendo achikulire ndi ma ruble mazana atatu, kwa ophunzira akunja zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu, kwa ana - kwaulere.
Kuphatikiza pa maulendo akuluakulu, nyumbayi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ziwonetsero za Russian Museum. Dongosolo lawo limadalira ndandanda ya ziwonetsero zomwe zimachitika ku Russian Museum.
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Russia ili pafupi, mkatikati mwa Art Square, pakati pa misewu ya Rakov ndi Inzhenernaya, mu Nyumba Yachifumu ya Mikhailovsky. Ngakhale a Petersburger nthawi zambiri amasokoneza Nyumba Yachifumu ya Mikhailovsky ndi Nyumba Yoyang'anira Mikhailovsky. Tsoka ilo, kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi olemba mbiri am'deralo akuwonetsa kuti nzika zambiri zimatenga zipilala ziwiri zachikhalidwe ndi zomangamanga chimodzi!
Palinso ziwonetsero zosatha mnyumbayi. Amalongosola za mbiri ya Mikhailovsky Castle, kapena kudziwitsa alendo zikhalidwe zaluso zakale ndi Kubadwanso kwatsopano, zomwe zimafanana ndi luso loyambirira laku Russia.
