Pol Pot

Pol Pot (chidule cha dzina lachi French Salot Sar; 1925-1998) - Wandale komanso wolamulira ku Cambodian, Secretary General wa Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kampuchea, Prime Minister of Kampuchea and leader of the Khmer Rouge movement.

Munthawi ya ulamuliro wa Pol Pot, limodzi ndi kuponderezedwa kwakukulu, kuzunzidwa ndi njala, anthu 1 mpaka 3 miliyoni adamwalira.

Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Pol Pot, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Salot Sarah.

Mbiri ya Pol Pot

Pol Pot (Salot Sar) adabadwa pa Meyi 19, 1925 m'mudzi waku Cambodia wa Prexbauv. Adakulira ndipo adaleredwa m'mabanja osauka achi Khmer a Peka Salota ndi Sok Nem. Anali wachisanu ndi chitatu pa ana 9 a makolo ake.

Ubwana ndi unyamata

Pol Pot kuyambira ali mwana adayamba kulandira maphunziro abwino. Mchimwene wake, Lot Swong, ndi mlongo wake, a Salot Roeng, adabweretsedwa pafupi ndi nyumba yachifumu. Makamaka, Roeng anali mdzakazi wa mfumu Monivong.

Wolamulira mwankhanza mtsogolo ali ndi zaka 9, adatumizidwa ku Phnom Penh kukakhala ndi abale. Kwa kanthawi adatumikira m'kachisi wachi Buddha. Munthawi imeneyi ya mbiri yake, adaphunzira chilankhulo cha Khmer komanso ziphunzitso zachi Buddha.

Pambuyo pazaka zitatu, Pol Pot adakhala wophunzira pasukulu Yachikatolika, yomwe imaphunzitsa zamiyambo. Atamaliza maphunziro ake ku 1942, adapitiliza maphunziro ake ku koleji, atadziwa ntchito yopanga nduna.

Ndiye mnyamatayo adaphunzira ku Sukulu yaukadaulo ku Phnom Penh. Mu 1949, adalandira maphunziro aboma kuti akachite maphunziro apamwamba ku France. Atafika ku Paris, adasanthula zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndikukumana ndi nzika zambiri.

Posakhalitsa Pol Pot adalowa mgululi la Marxist, ndikukambirana nawo ntchito yofunika ya Karl Marx "Capital", komanso ntchito zina za wolemba. Izi zidapangitsa kuti atengeke kwambiri ndi ndale kotero kuti adayamba kuthera nthawi yochepa kuti aphunzire kuyunivesite. Zotsatira zake, mu 1952 adathamangitsidwa ku yunivesite.

Mnyamatayo adabwerera kunyumba ali munthu wosiyana, wodzaza ndi malingaliro achikominisi. Ku Phnom Penh, adalowa nawo gulu la People's Revolutionary Party ku Cambodia, akuchita nawo ntchito zabodza.

Ndale

Mu 1963 Pol Pot adasankhidwa kukhala Secretary General wa Kampuchea Communist Party. Adakhala mtsogoleri wazamalamulo a Khmer Rouge, omwe anali zigawenga zankhondo zomwe zimamenya nkhondo gulu lankhondo lachifumu.

Khmer Rouge ndi gulu lachikomyunizimu logwirizana, lotengera malingaliro a Maoism, komanso kukana chilichonse chakumadzulo komanso chamakono. Magulu achigawenga anali anthu achiwawa ku Cambodia, osaphunzira kwenikweni (makamaka achinyamata).

Pofika koyambirira kwa ma 70s, Khmer Rouge idaposa gulu lankhondo likulu. Pachifukwa ichi, omutsatira a Pol Pot adaganiza zolanda mphamvu mzindawo. Zotsatira zake, asitikali anachitira nkhanza anthu okhala ku Phnom Penh.

Pambuyo pake, mtsogoleri wa zigawengazo adalengeza kuti kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, anthu wamba atengedwa kukhala apamwamba kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, nthumwi zonse za anzeru, kuphatikiza aphunzitsi ndi madotolo, amayenera kuti adaphedwa ndikuwathamangitsa m'boma.

Atasinthanso dzikolo kukhala Kampuchea ndikuphunzira maphunziro a zaulimi, boma latsopanoli lidakwaniritsa malingaliro. Posakhalitsa Pol Pot adalamula kuti apereke ndalamazo. Adalamula kuti kumangidwe misasa yozunzirako anthu kuti agwire ntchitoyi.

Anthu amayenera kugwira ntchito yovuta kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo, kulandira chikho chimodzi cha mpunga kuti achite izi. Awo omwe amaphwanya maboma okhazikitsidwa mwanjira ina iliyonse amapatsidwa chilango chokhwima kapena kuphedwa.

Kuphatikiza pa kuponderezedwa kwa mamembala a anzeru, a Khmer Rouge adatsuka mafuko, ponena kuti a Khmers kapena achi China atha kukhala nzika zodalirika za Kampuchea. Tsiku lililonse anthu okhala m'mizinda anali kuchepa.

Izi zidachitika chifukwa chakuti Pol Pot, wolimbikitsidwa ndi malingaliro a Mao Zedong, adachita zonse zotheka kuti agwirizanitse anthu akumayiko akumidzi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti m'maboma ngati amenewa munalibe banja.

Kuzunzidwa mwankhanza ndi kuphedwa kunayamba kufala kwa anthu aku Cambodia, ndipo mankhwala ndi maphunziro zidawonongedwa ngati zosafunikira. Mofananamo ndi izi, boma lomwe langopangidwa kumene linachotsa zabwino zosiyanasiyana zachitukuko monga magalimoto ndi zida zapanyumba.

Zipembedzo zamtundu uliwonse zinali zoletsedwa mdzikolo. Ansembewo adamangidwa kenako ndikuzunzidwa mwankhanza. Malembo anawotchedwa m'misewu, ndipo akachisi ndi nyumba za amonke zinaphulitsidwa kapena kusandulika nkhuku za nkhumba.

Mu 1977, nkhondo yankhondo ndi Vietnam idayamba, chifukwa cha mikangano yamalire. Zotsatira zake, patatha zaka zingapo aku Vietnam adalanda Kampuchea, yomwe idasanduka mabwinja pazaka 3.5 zaulamuliro wa Pol Pot. Nthawi imeneyi, chiwerengero cha anthu aboma chatsika, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 3 miliyoni!

Malinga ndi chigamulo cha Khothi Lalikulu la Anthu aku Cambodian, a Pol Pot adadziwika kuti ndi omwe adayambitsa kupha anthu ndipo adaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe. Komabe, wolamulira mwankhanza anakwanitsa kuthawa bwinobwino pobisalira ndege ya helikopita m'nkhalango yolimba.

Mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake, Pol Pot sanavomereze kuti akuchita nawo zachiwawa zomwe adachita, ponena kuti "amatsata mfundo zokomera dziko lonse lapansi." Mwamunayo adanenanso kuti ndi wosalakwa pakufa kwamamiliyoni, ndikufotokozera izi poti palibe chikalata ngakhale chimodzi chomwe adalamula kuti aphe nzika.

Moyo waumwini

Mkazi woyamba wa Pol Pot anali wachikominisi Khieu Ponnari, yemwe adakumana naye ku France. Khieu adachokera kubanja lanzeru, lotsogola pakuphunzira zilankhulo. Okonda adakwatirana mu 1956, atakhala limodzi kwa zaka pafupifupi 23.

Awiriwa adasiyana mu 1979. Pofika nthawiyo, mayiyu anali atadwala kale matenda a schizophrenia, ngakhale adapitilizidwanso kuti ndi "mayi wachisinthiko." Adamwalira ku 2003 ndi khansa.

Kachiwiri Pol Pot adakwatirana ndi Mea Son mu 1985. Mgwirizanowu, banjali linali ndi mtsikana wotchedwa Sita (Sar Patchada). Wolamulira mwankhanza atamwalira mu 1998, mkazi wake ndi mwana wake wamkazi adamangidwa. Atatulutsidwa, nthawi zambiri ankazunzidwa ndi anzawo, omwe sanaiwale nkhanza za Pol Pot.

Popita nthawi, Mea adakwatiranso ndi bambo wina wa Khmer Rouge dzina lake Tepa Hunala, chifukwa adapeza mtendere ndikukalamba bwino. Mwana wamkazi wolamulira mwankhanza adakwatirana mu 2014 ndipo tsopano akukhala ku Cambodia, ndikukhala moyo wachibwana.

Imfa

Olemba mbiri ya a Pol Pot sangavomerezane zenizeni chifukwa cha imfa yake. Malinga ndi zomwe boma limanena, wolamulira mwankhanza adamwalira pa Epulo 15, 1998 ali ndi zaka 72. Amakhulupirira kuti wamwalira chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mtima.

Komabe, akatswiri azamalamulo adati kumwalira kwa Pol Pot kudachitika chifukwa cha poyizoni. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, adamwalira kuthengo ndi matenda, kapena adadzipha. Akuluakuluwo amafuna kuti mtembowo uperekedwe kuti upimidwe ndikutsimikizira kuti imfayo sinali yabodza.

Mosayang'ana, mtembowo adautentha patangopita masiku ochepa. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, amwendamnjira adayamba kubwera komwe adaotchera achikomyunizimu, ndikupempherera kupumula kwa mzimu wa Pol Pot.