Nika Georgievna chopangira mphamvu (pakubadwa Torbin; 1974-2002) - wolemba ndakatulo waku Soviet ndi Russia. Watchuka padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha ndakatulo zolembedwa ali mwana. Wopambana mphotho ya "Golden Lion".
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu yonena za Nika Turbina, amene tikambirana m'nkhani ino.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Turbina.
Wambiri Nika chopangira mphamvu
Nika Turbina adabadwa pa Disembala 17, 1974 ku Crimeaan Yalta. Bambo ake, Georgy Torbin, ankagwira ntchito yoimba, ndipo amayi ake, Maya Nikanorkina, anali ojambula. Pambuyo pake, dzina la bambo ake lidzakhala dzina lake.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Makolo a ndakatulo yamtsogolo adasudzulana akadali wamng'ono. Pachifukwa ichi, adakula ndipo adaleredwa m'banja la amayi, ndi agogo ake aamuna a Lyudmila Karpova ndi agogo aamuna, a Anatoly Nikanorkin, omwe anali wolemba.
Mu banja Turbina chidwi kwambiri luso ndi mabuku. Mtsikanayo nthawi zambiri kuwerenga ndakatulo, amene anamvetsera ndi chisangalalo chachikulu. Nick makamaka ankakonda ntchito Andrei Voznesensky, amene anakhalabe paubwenzi ndi mayi ake.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ena a mbiri yakale Turbina amati Voznesensky anali bambo ake enieni, koma malingaliro amenewa sagwirizana ndi zowona. Kuphatikiza pa kujambula, Maya Nikanorkina adalembanso ndakatulo.
Kuyambira ali mwana, Nika Turbina amadwala mphumu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imamulepheretsa kugona usiku. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka 4, atagona tulo, adapempha amayi ake kuti alembe mavesi omwe akuti, m'malingaliro ake, Mulungu mwini adalankhula naye.
Ndakatulo, monga lamulo, zimakhudza zokumana nazo za mtsikanayo ndipo zidalembedwa m'mawu opanda kanthu. Pafupifupi onse anali achisoni komanso okhumudwa.
Chilengedwe
Pamene Nick anali pafupi zaka 7, mayi ake anasonyeza ndakatulo yake kwa wolemba wotchuka Yulian Semenov. Wolemba akawerenga, sanakhulupirire kuti wolemba ndakatuloyo anali kamtsikana.
Ndiyamika woyang'anira Semenov ntchito Turbina mu Komsomolskaya Pravda. Kuyambira pamenepo mu mbiri yake kuti wolemba ndakatulo wachichepere adatchuka kwambiri pakati pa anzawo.
Kenako mtsikanayo, motsogozedwa ndi amayi ake, adatenga dzina labodza "Nika Turbina", lomwe pambuyo pake lidadzakhala dzina lake lodziwika ndi dzina lawo pasipoti yake. Pofika zaka 8, anali atalemba ndakatulo zochulukirapo kotero kuti zinali zokwanira kuti apange gulu la "Draft", lomwe linamasuliridwa m'zilankhulo zambiri.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti Yevgeny Yevtushenko anathandiza Nick m'njira zonse zomwe angathe, m'moyo wake waumwini komanso waumwini. Anatsimikiza kuti ntchito zake zimawerengedwa ndi anthu ambiri momwe angathere, osati ku USSR kokha, komanso kunja.
Zotsatira zake, pamalingaliro a Yevtushenko, Turbina wazaka 10 adachita nawo nawo mpikisano wandakatulo wapadziko lonse "Alakatuli ndi Dziko Lapansi", wolinganizidwa mkati mwa gawo la Venice Forum. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti msonkhanowu unkachitika kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse, ndipo makhothi ake anali ndi akatswiri ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana.
Atachita bwino, Nika Turbina adapatsidwa mphotho yayikulu - "Golden Lion". Msungwanayo adalemekeza Soviet Union ndikumupangitsa kuti alembe za iye m'manyuzipepala apadziko lonse. Amamutcha kuti mwana waluso ndipo amayesera kumvetsetsa momwe mwana amakwanitsira kulemba ndakatulo "zachikulire", zodzala ndi zopweteketsa mtima komanso zokumana nazo.
Posachedwa Nick ndi mayi ake anakakhala ku Moscow. Pofika nthawiyo, mkaziyo adakwatiranso, chifukwa chake mlongo wake wamkazi, Maria, adabadwa ndi Turbina. Apa adapitiliza kupita kusukulu, komwe amalandira magiredi ochepa ndipo nthawi zambiri amakangana ndi aphunzitsi.
Mu 1987, Turbina adapita ku United States, komwe akuti amalankhula ndi Joseph Brodsky. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, owonera adamuwona mufilimuyo "inali pafupi ndi nyanja." Aka kanali kowonekera kwake komaliza komanso komaliza pazenera lalikulu, ngakhale kuti mtsikanayo nthawi zambiri amavomereza kuti akufuna kukhala katswiri wazoseweretsa.
Pa nthawi imeneyo Nick sanathenso kuwerenga ndakatulo zake, koma nthawi anapitiriza kulemba. Mu 1990, mndandanda wake wachiwiri komanso womaliza wa ndakatulo "Steps Up, Steps Down ..." udasindikizidwa.
Ambiri olemba mbiri yakale Turbina amakhulupirira kuti amayi ake ndi agogo ake aakazi adagwiritsa ntchito Nick ngati phindu, ndikupeza kutchuka kwake. Iwo analangizidwa mobwerezabwereza kuti asonyeze mtsikanayo kwa akatswiri a zamaganizo, chifukwa moyo wodabwitsa wa kulenga ndi kutchuka kwa dziko lonse zinakhudza maganizo ake.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, Yevtushenko anakana patronize ndakatulo ndipo anasiya kulankhula ndi abale ake. Mwamunayo adakhulupiriranso kuti amayi ndi agogo a Turbina amangoyesera kuti amuchotsere ndalama. Poyankhulana, wolemba ndakatulo uja adatcha izi kuti ndizopanda phindu kwa iye, koma posakhalitsa adabweza mawu ake.
Kudzudzula komanso nkhani yolemba
Luso lodziwika bwino la Nika Turbina lidadzetsa zokambirana zambiri pagulu. Makamaka, akatswiri ambiri amakayikira za kulembedwa kwa ndakatulo zake, ponena kuti akanatha kulembedwa ndi abale ake.
Poyankha izi, msungwanayo adapereka ndakatulo "Kodi Sindikulemba ndakatulo Zanga?" Mmodzi mwa olemba mbiri yake, Alexander Ratner, adaphunzira zolemba zambiri zomwe zidakalipo komanso zolemba pamanja za ndakatulo iyi, pambuyo pake adatsimikiza kuti si ndakatulo zonse zomwe zidalembedwa ndi Turbina, koma, mwachitsanzo, amayi ake.
Otsutsa ambiri adalankhula za Nick ngati talente yochulukirapo. Iwo adanena kuti zikadapanda msinkhu wa msungwanayo, sakanakhala ndi chidwi ndi ntchito yake. Komabe, olemba ambiri odalirika adalankhula kwambiri za ndakatulo zake.
Zaluso za Turbina, zomwe adawerenga ntchito yake pa siteji, zimafunikira chidwi. Malinga ndi Ratner yemweyo, ndakatulo zimawoneka bwino kwambiri pakuchita kwake kuposa momwe zidasindikizidwira. Akatswiri angapo amavomereza kuti psyche ya mwanayo sinathetse kupsinjika ndi kutchuka, kenako nkuyiwala.
Moyo wamtsogolo
Nick Turbina adataya kutchuka kwambiri, chifukwa chake nthawi zonse anali wokhumudwa. Kusekondale, amamwa kale mowa, adachita zibwenzi ndi anyamata osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri samakhala kunyumba, ndipo amata ngakhale mitsempha.
Atalandira satifiketi, chopangira mphamvu analowa VGIK, pofuna kulumikiza moyo wake ndi wosewera. Komabe, chaka chotsatira adasiya chidwi pamaphunziro ake ndipo adasiya koleji.
Mu 1994, Nick anakhala wophunzira pa Moscow Institute of Culture, kumene anavomerezedwa popanda mayeso olowera. Munthawi imeneyi ya mbiri yake, anali atakumana kale ndi mavuto amisala, omwe adawonetseredwa pamagulu osokonekera komanso kukumbukira pang'ono.
Kwa kanthawi, Turbina adalandira mphambu zonse m'makalasi onse ndipo adayambanso kulemba ndakatulo. Komabe, patsiku la kubadwa kwake kwa 20, adayambiranso kumwa, kusiya maphunziro ake ndikupita ku Yalta. Pambuyo pake, adakwanitsa kuchira ku yunivesite, koma mu dipatimenti yolemba makalata.
M'chaka cha 1997, Nick anali kumwa ndi mnzake mu nyumba ya. Pakati pamisonkhano, achinyamata adayamba kukangana. Mtsikanayo, pofuna kuopseza mnyamatayo, anathamangira kukhonde, koma sanathe kulimbana nawo ndipo anagwa pansi.
Nthawi yakugwa, mtsikanayo adagwira pamtengo, womwe udapulumutsa moyo wake. Anathyola khosi lake ndikumuvulaza msana. Amayiwo adapita ndi mwana wawo wamkazi ku Yalta kuti akalandire chithandizo. Turbine adatumizidwa ku chipatala cha amisala atagwidwa mwamphamvu, komwe kunali koyamba mu mbiri yake.
Atachira, Nick sanapeze ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. Komabe, adachita nawo zisudzo zamasewera ndipo adalemba zolemba zamasewera a ana. Mtsikanayo anali wokhumudwa ndipo amakumbukira ndakatulo za ana ake moyipa kwambiri.
Moyo waumwini
Ali ndi zaka 16, Nick adakumana ndi wamaganizidwe Giovanni Mastropaolo, yemwe amathandizira odwala kudzera zaluso, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya ndakatuloyi. Atamuyitanitsa, adapita ku Switzerland, komwe adayamba kukhala ndi dokotala.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Mastropaolo anali wamkulu zaka 60 kuposa Turbina. Komabe, patatha pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, ubale wawo udatha ndipo adabwerera kunyumba. Posakhalitsa, mtsikanayo adayamba kukondana ndi woyendetsa bartender Constantine, yemwe adafuna kukwatira tsiku lotsatira atakumana.
Ngakhale mnyamatayo anakana kukwatiwa ndi Nick, zachikondi za achinyamatawa zidatenga zaka pafupifupi 5. Mbiri ya Turbina sangatchedwe osangalala. Mnzake womaliza wokhala anali Alexander Mironov.
Chiwonongeko
Mu Meyi 2002, Mironov anali kukonza galimoto yake, yomwe Nika idawononga dala, kuwopa kutha kwaubwenzi. Nthawi imeneyo, Turbina anali kumwa ndi mnzake Inna ndi abwenzi ake m'nyumba yapafupi.
Popita nthawi, Nick adagona, pomwe Inna ndi chibwenzi chake adapita kukagula gawo lina la mowa. Atadzuka, ndakatuloyo inali kudikirira iwo, atakhala pawindo la chipinda chachisanu, miyendo yake itapachikidwa pansi. Pokhala ndi zovuta kulumikizana, mwachidziwikire adatembenuka ndikupachika pazenera.
Odutsa omwe adamva kufuula adayesa kuthandiza msungwanayo, koma adalibe nthawi. Anagwa pansi, kuvulala koopsa. Madokotala omwe adafika munthawi sakanakhoza kumupulumutsa, chifukwa chake msungwanayo adamwalira chifukwa chotaya magazi.
Nika Turbina adamwalira pa Meyi 11, 2002 ali ndi zaka 27.
Chithunzi ndi Nika Turbina
