Boris Efimovich Nemtsov (1959-2015) - Wandale waku Russia komanso waboma, wabizinesi. Wachiwiri kwa Yaroslavl Regional Duma kuyambira 2013 mpaka 2015, asanamuphe. Anawombedwa usiku wa pa 27-28 February, 2015 ku Moscow.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Nemtsov, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Boris Nemtsov.
Wambiri Nemtsov
Boris Nemtsov adabadwa pa Okutobala 9, 1959 ku Sochi. Iye anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja la mkulu Efim Davydovich ndi mkazi wake Dina Yakovlevna, amene ankagwira ntchito ya udokotala wa ana.
Kuphatikiza pa Boris, mtsikana wina dzina lake Julia anabadwira m'banja la Nemtsov.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Mpaka zaka 8 Boris ankakhala Sochi, kenako anasamukira ku Gorky (tsopano Nizhny Novgorod) ndi mayi ake ndi mlongo.
Pomwe anali kuphunzira pasukuluyi, Nemtsov adalandira mamaki ambiri pamakalata onse, chifukwa chake adamaliza maphunziro ndi mendulo yagolide.
Pambuyo pake, Boris anapitiliza kuphunzira ku yunivesite yakomweko ku department of Radiophysics. Iye anali akadali mmodzi wa ophunzira abwino, chifukwa cha zomwe anamaliza maphunziro awo ku yunivesite ndi ulemu.
Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, Nemtsov ntchito kwa kanthawi pa anayambitsa. Anagwira ntchito za hydrodynamics, plasma physics ndi acoustics.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nthawi yonse ya mbiri yake, Boris adayesa kulemba ndakatulo ndi nkhani, komanso adaphunzitsa Chingerezi ndi masamu ngati namkungwi.
Ali ndi zaka 26, mnyamatayo adalandira PhD mu Physics ndi Mathematics. Pofika nthawiyo, anali atafalitsa zolemba za sayansi zoposa 60.
Mu 1988, Nemtsov adalumikizana ndi omenyera ufulu wawo omwe amafuna kuti ntchito yomanga makina anyukiliya a Gorky iimitsidwe chifukwa yawononga chilengedwe.
Atakakamizidwa ndi omenyera ufulu wawo, akuluakulu am'deralo adavomera kuletsa ntchito yomanga siteshoni. Munali munthawi yamabuku ake pomwe Boris adachita chidwi ndi ndale, ndikusiya sayansi kumbuyo.
Ntchito zandale
Mu 1989, Nemtsov adasankhidwa ngati phungu wa People's Deputies of the USSR, koma oimira komiti yosankha sanamulembetse. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti sanakhale membala wa Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu.
Chaka chotsatira wandale wachichepere amakhala wachiwiri wa anthu. Pambuyo pake adakhala membala wazandale ngati "Reform Coalition" ndi "Center Left - Cooperation".
Panthawiyo, Boris adalumikizana ndi Yeltsin, yemwe anali ndi chidwi ndi lingaliro lake pakupititsa patsogolo Russia. Pambuyo pake, adakhala membala wamabungwe monga Smena, Atsogoleri Achipani Chachipani, ndi Russian Union.
Mu 1991, a Nemtsov adakhala achinsinsi a Yeltsin madzulo a zisankho. Munthawi yotchuka ya August putch, anali m'modzi mwa omwe amateteza White House.
Kumapeto kwa chaka chomwecho, a Boris Nemtsov anapatsidwa udindo wotsogolera oyang'anira dera la Nizhny Novgorod. Munthawi imeneyi adakwanitsa kuwonetsa ngati wamkulu wa bizinesi komanso wokonza zinthu.
Mwamunayo adachita mapulogalamu angapo othandiza, kuphatikiza "Telefoni ya Anthu", "Kupititsa patsogolo midzi", "ZERNO" ndi "mita ndi mita". Ntchito yomaliza idafotokoza za zovuta zokhudzana ndi kupereka nyumba zankhondo.
M'mafunso, a Nemtsov nthawi zambiri ankadzudzula olamulira chifukwa chokhwima pakukonzanso zinthu. Posakhalitsa, adayitana Grigory Yavlinsky, yemwe anali katswiri wazachuma, ku likulu lake.
Mu 1992 Boris, limodzi ndi Gregory, adapanga pulogalamu yayikulu yosintha zigawo.
Chaka chotsatira, okhala mdera la Nizhny Novgorod adasankha Nemtsov ku Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, ndipo atatha miyezi iwiri amakhala membala wa komiti ya Federation Council pankhani zandalama ndi ngongole.
Mu 1995, Boris Efimovich anakhalanso ndi udindo wa kazembe wa dera la Nizhny Novgorod. Panthawiyo, anali ndi mbiri yabwino yosintha zinthu, komanso anali ndi chikhalidwe champhamvu komanso wachisangalalo.
Posakhalitsa, a Nemtsov adakonza zolemba zingapo m'dera lake kuti achotse asitikali aku Chechnya, omwe adaperekedwa kwa purezidenti.
Mu 1997, a Boris Nemtsov adakhala wachiwiri kwa nduna yayikulu m'boma la Viktor Chernomyrdin. Anapitiliza kupanga mapulogalamu atsopano oyeserera kutukuka kwa boma.
Pomwe nduna za atsogoleri zimayang'aniridwa ndi a Sergei Kiriyenko, adachoka m'malo mwa Nemtsov, yemwe panthawiyo anali kulimbana ndi mavuto azachuma. Komabe, mavuto atayamba pakati pa 1998, a Boris adasiya ntchito.
Kutsutsidwa
Atagwira ntchito ya wachiwiri kwa wapampando waboma, a Nemtsov adakumbukiridwa chifukwa chofunsira kusamutsa akuluakulu onse mgalimoto zapakhomo.
Panthawiyo, mwamunayo adakhazikitsa gulu la "Young Russia". Pambuyo pake adakhala wachiwiri kwa chipani cha Union of Right Forces, pambuyo pake adasankhidwa kukhala wachiwiri kwa wapampando wanyumba yamalamulo.
Kumapeto kwa 2003, "Union of Right Forces" sinadutse ku Duma ya msonkhano wa 4, chifukwa chake a Boris Nemtsov adasiya ntchito yake chifukwa chakulephera kwa chisankho.
Chaka chotsatira, wandale adathandizira othandizira omwe amatchedwa "Orange Revolution" ku Ukraine. Nthawi zambiri amalankhula ndi otsutsa pa Maidan ku Kiev, ndikuwayamika chifukwa chofunitsitsa kuteteza ufulu wawo ndi demokalase.
M'mawu ake, a Nemtsov nthawi zambiri amalankhula zakufuna kwawo kuchita izi ku Russia, ndikudzudzula boma la Russia.
Viktor Yushchenko atakhala Purezidenti wa Ukraine, adakambirana ndi otsutsa aku Russia zina zomwe zikukhudzana ndikukula kwadzikolo.
Mu 2007, Boris Efimovich adatenga nawo gawo pazisankho za purezidenti, koma kuyimilira kwake kudathandizidwa ndi ochepera 1% amzake. Posakhalitsa adatulutsa buku lake lotchedwa "Confessions of a Rebel".
Mu 2008, Nemtsov ndi anthu amalingaliro ofanana adakhazikitsa gulu lotsutsa la Solidarity. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti m'modzi mwa atsogoleri achipanichi anali Garry Kasparov.
Chaka chotsatira, Boris adathamangira meya wa Sochi, koma adataya, kutenga malo achiwiri.
Mu 2010, wandale amatenga nawo mbali pakupanga gulu latsopano lotsutsa "Ku Russia popanda chiwawa komanso ziphuphu." Pamaziko ake, "Party of People's Freedom" (PARNAS) idakhazikitsidwa, yomwe mu 2011 komiti yosankha idakana kulembetsa.
Pa Disembala 31, 2010, Nemtsov ndi mnzake Ilya Yashin adamangidwa ku Triumfalnaya Square atalankhula pamsonkhano. Amunawa adaimbidwa mlandu wosachita bwino ndikuwatumiza kundende masiku 15.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, Boris Efimovich wakhala akuimbidwa milandu mobwerezabwereza. Adalengeza poyera kuti akumvera chisoni a Euromaidan, akupitilizabe kutsutsa a Vladimir Putin ndi omwe anali nawo.
Moyo waumwini
Mkazi wa Nemtsov anali Raisa Akhmetovna, yemwe adalembetsa naye ubale wazaka zamaphunziro ake.
Muukwatiwu, mtsikana Zhanna adabadwa, yemwe mtsogolo adzagwirizanitsanso moyo wake ndi ndale. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti Boris ndi Jeanne anayamba kukhala mosiyana ndi zaka za m'ma 90, pamene adakhalabe mwamuna ndi mkazi.
Boris alinso ndi ana kuchokera kwa mtolankhani Ekaterina Odintsova: mwana wamwamuna - Anton ndi mwana wamkazi - Dina.
Mu 2004, Nemtsov anali pachibwenzi ndi mlembi wake Irina Koroleva, chifukwa chake msungwanayo adatenga pakati ndikubereka mwana wamkazi, Sofia.
Pambuyo pake, wandale uja adayamba chibwenzi chankhanza ndi Anastasia Ogneva, chomwe chidatenga zaka zitatu.
Wokondedwa womaliza wa Boris anali chitsanzo cha Chiyukireniya Anna Duritskaya.
Mu 2017, zaka ziwiri kuchokera pomwe kuphedwa kwa wogwira ntchito, Khothi la Zamoskvoretsky ku Moscow lidazindikira mnyamatayo Yekaterina Iftodi, Boris, wobadwa mu 2014, ngati mwana wa Boris Nemtsov.
Kupha Nemtsov
Nemtsov adaphedwa usiku wa February 27-28, 2015 pakatikati pa Moscow pa Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge, akuyenda ndi Anna Duritskaya.
Ophawo adathawa mgalimoto yoyera, monga zikuwonetsedwa ndimakanema.
Boris Efimovich adaphedwa kutatsala tsiku limodzi gulu lotsutsa. Zotsatira zake, Spring March inali ntchito yomaliza ya wandale. Vladimir Putin adatcha kuphedwa kumeneku "mgwirizano ndi zoyambitsa", ndipo adalamulanso kuti afufuze mlanduwu ndikupeza zigawenga.
Imfa ya wotsutsa wotsutsa idakhala chinthu chodziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Atsogoleri ambiri padziko lonse lapansi apempha Purezidenti wa Russia kuti apeze mwachangu ndi kuwalanga akuphawo.
Ambiri mwa anthu a Nemtsov adadabwa ndi imfa yake yomvetsa chisoni. Ksenia Sobchak adatonthoza achibale a womwalirayo, ndikumutcha kuti ndi munthu wowona mtima komanso wowala yemwe amamenyera malingaliro ake.
Kufufuza zakupha
Mu 2016, gulu lofufuzira lidalengeza kumaliza ntchito yofufuzira. Akatswiri ati omwe akuti amapha anthuwa adapatsidwa RUB 15 miliyoni pamlandu wopha mkuluyo.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti anthu 5 akuimbidwa mlandu wopha Nemtsov: Shadid Gubashev, Temirlan Eskerkhanov, Zaur Dadaev, Anzor Gubashev ndi Khamzat Bakhaev.
Woyambitsa kupha anthu adasankhidwa ndi wamkulu wakale wa gulu lankhondo la Chechen "Sever" Ruslan Mukhudinov. Malinga ndi ofufuzawo, anali Mukhudinov yemwe adalamula kuti a Boris Nemtsov aphedwe, chifukwa chake adayikidwa pamndandanda wofunidwa wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2016, ofufuza adalengeza kuti mayeso 70 okhwima azamalamulo adatsimikizira kutenga nawo mbali kwa omwe akuwakayikira pakupha anthu.
Zithunzi za Nemtsov
