Sergius wa Radonezh (padziko lapansi Bartholomew Kirillovich) - hieromonk wa Tchalitchi cha Russia, yemwe anayambitsa nyumba za amonke zingapo, kuphatikiza Utatu-Sergius Lavra. Kutuluka kwa chikhalidwe chauzimu cha Russia kumalumikizidwa ndi dzina lake. Amadziwika kuti ndi wopondereza kwambiri ku Orthodox mdziko la Russia.
Tikukuwonetsani mbiri ya Sergius wa Radonezh, yomwe idzapereka mfundo zosangalatsa kwambiri pamoyo wake.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Sergius wa Radonezh.
Mbiri ya Sergius wa Radonezh
Tsiku lenileni lobadwa kwa Sergius wa Radonezh silikudziwika. Olemba mbiri ena amakhulupirira kuti adabadwa mu 1314, ena mu 1319, pomwe enanso mu 1322.
Chilichonse chomwe timadziwa chokhudza "wokalamba wachikulire" chidalembedwa ndi wophunzira wake, mmonke Epiphanius Wanzeru.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Malinga ndi nthano, makolo a Radonezh anali boyar Kirill ndi mkazi wake Maria, omwe amakhala m'mudzi wa Varnitsa pafupi ndi Rostov.
Makolo a Sergius anali ndi ana ena awiri - Stephen ndi Peter.
Mkulu wamtsogoloyu ali ndi zaka 7, adayamba kuphunzira kulemba ndi kuwerenga, koma kuphunzira kwake kunali koyipa. Nthawi yomweyo, abale ake, m'malo mwake, anali kupita patsogolo.
Amayi ndi abambo nthawi zambiri ankakalipira Sergius chifukwa cholephera kuphunzira chilichonse. Mnyamatayo sanathe kuchita chilichonse, koma anapitiliza kuyesetsa molimbika kuti aphunzire.
Sergius wa Radonezh anali mu pemphero, momwe adapempha Wamphamvuyonse kuti aphunzire kuwerenga ndi kulemba ndikupeza nzeru.
Malinga ndi nthano, tsiku lina mnyamatayo adapatsidwa masomphenya momwe adawona bambo wachikulire atavala mwinjiro wakuda. Mlendoyo adalonjeza Sergiyo kuti kuyambira tsopano adzaphunzira osati kulemba ndi kuwerenga, komanso kupitirira abale ake kudziwa.
Zotsatira zake, zonse zidachitika, osatinso nthanoyo.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Radonezhsky adaphunzira mosavuta buku lililonse, kuphatikiza Malemba Opatulika. Chaka chilichonse anayamba kuchita chidwi kwambiri ndi ziphunzitso zachikhalidwe za tchalitchicho.
Wachinyamatayo anali kupemphera nthawi zonse, kusala kudya, ndi kuyesetsa kuchita chilungamo. Lachitatu ndi Lachisanu, samadya, ndipo masiku ena amangodya mkate ndi madzi okha.
Mu nthawi ya 1328-1330. Banja la Radonezhsky lidakumana ndi mavuto azachuma. Izi zidapangitsa kuti banja lonse lisamuke kupita ku Radonezh, yomwe ili kunja kwa boma la Moscow.
Iyi inali nthawi yovuta ku Russia, chifukwa inali m'goli la a Golden Horde. Anthu a ku Russia ankazunzidwa komanso kuwabera zinthu zambiri, zomwe zinawapangitsa kukhala osasangalala.
Kudzipereka
Mnyamatayo ali ndi zaka 12, adafuna kulimbikitsidwa. Makolo ake sanakangane naye, koma adamuwuza kuti atha kumwalonjeza akadzamwalira.
Iwo sanadikire kwa nthawi yayitali, atangomwalira bambo ndi mayi a Sergiyo.
Popanda kuwononga nthawi, Radonezh adapita ku Khotkovo-Pokrovsky Monastery, komwe kunali mchimwene wake Stefan. Womwalirayu anali wamasiye ndipo anaonekera pamaso pa Sergiyo.
Abalewo adalimbana kwambiri ndi chilungamo komanso moyo wamamonke mpaka adaganiza zokhala pagombe lamtendere la Mtsinje wa Konchura, komwe pambuyo pake adakhazikitsa chipululu.
M'nkhalango yakuya, a Radonezhskys adakhazikitsa chipinda ndi tchalitchi chaching'ono. Komabe, posakhalitsa Stefano, atalephera kupirira moyo wosasamalawu, adapita ku Monasteri ya Epiphany.
Pambuyo Radonezhsky wazaka 23 atatenga matendawo, adakhala bambo Sergius. Anapitilizabe kukhala yekha m'kapepala m'chipululu.
Patapita nthawi, anthu ambiri adaphunzira za bambo wolungamayo. Amonke adamufikira kuchokera kumapeto osiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zake, nyumba ya amonke idakhazikitsidwa, pamalo pomwe adapangidwa Utatu-Sergius Lavra.
Ngakhale Radonezh, kapena otsatira ake sanalandire ndalama kuchokera kwa okhulupirira, posankha kulima minda yawo ndikudya zipatso zake.
Tsiku lililonse dera limakulirakulirabe, chifukwa chake chipululu chomwe chidasandulika chidasandulika dera lokhalamo anthu. Mphekesera zokhudza Sergius wa Radonezh zinafika ku Constantinople.
Malinga ndi lamulo la Patriarch Philotheus, Sergius adapatsidwa mtanda, schema, paraman ndi kalata. Adalimbikitsanso bambo woyera kuti ayambitse kunyumba ya amonke - kinovia, yomwe imatenga chuma ndi kufanana pakati pa anthu, komanso kumvera abbot.
Khalidwe ili lakhala chitsanzo chabwino cha ubale pakati pa okhulupirira anzathu. Pambuyo pake, Sergius waku Radonezh adayamba kutsatira "moyo wamba" m'nyumba zina za amonke zomwe adayambitsa.
Ophunzira a Sergius waku Radonezh anamanga mipingo pafupifupi 40 kudera la Russia. Kwenikweni, adamangidwa mdera lakutali, pambuyo pake nyumba zazing'ono ndi zazikulu zidawonekera mozungulira nyumba za amonke.
Izi zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mizinda yambiri ndikukula kwa North North ndi dera la Volga.
Nkhondo ya Kulikovo
Nthawi yonse ya mbiri yake, Sergius wa Radonezh amalalikira zamtendere ndi mgwirizano, komanso adapempha kuti mayiko onse aku Russia agwirizanenso. Pambuyo pake, izi zidabweretsa mwayi wabwino kuti amasulidwe m'goli la Chitata-Mongol.
Abambo oyera adachita gawo lapadera madzulo a Nkhondo Yodziwika ya Kulikovo. Anadalitsa Dmitry Donskoy ndi gulu lake lonse la zikwi zambiri pomenya nkhondo ndi adaniwo, ponena kuti gulu lankhondo la Russia lipambanadi nkhondoyi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Radonezhsky adatumiza amonke ake awiri ndi Donskoy, potero akuphwanya maziko ampingo omwe amaletsa amonke kutenga zida.
Monga Sergius amayembekezera, Nkhondo ya Kulikovo idatha ndi kupambana kwa asitikali aku Russia, ngakhale atawonongeka kwambiri.
Zozizwitsa
Mu Orthodoxy, Sergius wa Radonezh amadziwika kuti ali ndi zozizwitsa zambiri. Malinga ndi nthano ina, atawonekera Amayi a Mulungu, komwe kunawala kowala kwambiri.
Mkuluyo atamugwadira, adati apitiliza kumuthandiza m'moyo.
Pamene Radonezhsky adauza abale ake za izi, adalimbikitsidwa. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti anthu aku Russia amayenera kumenyana ndi Atat-Mongols, omwe amawazunza kwazaka zambiri.
Chochitika ndi Amayi a Mulungu ndi chimodzi mwazotchuka kwambiri pazithunzi zapa Orthodox.
Imfa
Sergiy wa Radonezh anakhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wokonda zochitika. Ankalemekezedwa kwambiri ndi anthu ndipo anali ndi omutsatira ambiri.
Masiku angapo asanamwalire, amonkewa adapatsa wophunzira wawo Nikon, ndipo nayenso adayamba kukonzekera zaimfa yake. Usiku woti aphedwa mawa lake, adalimbikitsa anthu kuti aziopa Mulungu ndikuyesetsa kuchita chilungamo.
Sergius wa Radonezh anamwalira pa September 25, 1392.
Popita nthawi, mkuluyu adakwezedwa pamaso pa oyera mtima, ndikumutcha kuti amachita zozizwitsa. Trinity Cathedral inamangidwa pamwamba pa manda a Radonezh, komwe kuli zotsalira zake lero.
