Mayina a zigawo ndi magawo sikuti ndi magulu azithunzithunzi achisanu. Komanso, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakhudza kusintha kwake. Dzinalo lingasinthidwe ndi boma la dzikolo. Mwachitsanzo, boma la Libya motsogozedwa ndi Muammar Gaddafi adapempha kutchula dzikolo "Jamahiriya", ngakhale liwu ili limatanthauza "republic", ndi maiko ena achiarabu, omwe ali ndi mawu oti "republic" m'maina awo, adakhalabe ma republiki. Mu 1982, boma la Upper Volta lidasinthanso dziko lake Burkina Faso (lotanthauzidwa kuti "kwawo kwa anthu oyenera").
Sikuti nthawi zambiri dzina la dziko lachilendo limatha kusintha kukhala chinthu choyandikira dzina loyambirira. Kotero mu 1986, mu Russia, Ivory Coast inayamba kutchedwa Cote d'Ivoire, ndi zilumba za Cape Verde - Cape Verde.
Zachidziwikire, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku timagwiritsa ntchito mayina amafupikitsidwe tsiku lililonse, kupatula, monga lamulo, kutchula mawonekedwe a statehood. Timati ndikulemba "Uruguay", osati "Eastern Republic of Uruguay", "Togo" osati "Republic of Togolese".
Pali sayansi yomasulira komanso malamulo ogwiritsa ntchito mayina amayiko akunja - onomastics. Komabe, pofika nthawi yolengedwa, sitima ya sayansiyi inali itachoka kale - mayina ndi matanthauzidwe awo anali atakhalapo kale. Ndizovuta kulingalira momwe mapu adziko lapansi angawonekere ngati asayansi akadafikapo kale. Mwachidziwikire, titha kunena kuti "France", "Bharat" (India), "Deutschland", komanso asayansi onomastic amatha kukambirana pamutu wakuti "Kodi Japan" Nippon "kapena" Nihon? ".
1. Dzinalo "Russia" lidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunja. Chifukwa chake dzina la madera akumpoto kwa Black Sea lidalembedwa ndi mfumu ya Byzantine Constantine Porphyrogenitus pakati pa zaka za 10th. Zinali iye amene anawonjezera kutha khalidwe Greek ndi Roma kuti dzina la dziko Rosov. Ku Russia komweko, kwanthawi yayitali, mayiko awo amatchedwa Rus, dziko la Russia. Kuzungulira zaka za zana la 15, mawonekedwe "Roseya" ndi "Rosiya" adawonekera. Patadutsa zaka mazana awiri, dzina loti "Rosiya" lidayamba kudziwika. "C" yachiwiri idayamba kuwonekera m'zaka za zana la 18, nthawi yomweyo dzina la anthu "Russian" lidakhazikika.
2. Dzina la Indonesia ndi losavuta kumva. "India" + nesos (Greek "zilumba") - "Indian Islands". India ali pafupi, ndipo pali zilumba zambiri ku Indonesia.
3. Dzina lachigawo chachiwiri chachikulu ku South America Argentina limachokera ku dzina lachilatini loti siliva. Nthawi yomweyo, ku Argentina kulibe fungo la siliva, makamaka, mgawo limenelo, komwe kafukufuku wake adayamba, monga akunenera. Nkhaniyi ili ndi vuto linalake - woyendetsa sitimayo Francisco Del Puerto. Ali mwana, adatenga nawo gawo paulendo wa Juan Diaz De Solis ku South America. Del Puerto adapita kumtunda ndi oyendetsa sitima angapo. Kumeneko mbadwa zinkaukira gulu la anthu a ku Spain. Anzake onse a Del Puerto adadyedwa, ndipo adapulumuka chifukwa cha unyamata wake. Ulendo wa Sebastian Cabot utafika pagombe pamalo omwewo, Del Puerto adauza kapitawo za mapiri a siliva omwe amakhala kumtunda kwa Mtsinje wa La Plata. Zikuwoneka kuti anali wotsimikiza (mudzakhala otsimikiza pano ngati odya anzawo akuyembekezera kuti mukule), ndipo Cabot adasiya dongosolo loyambirira laulendowu ndikupita kukafuna siliva. Kusaka sikunapambane, ndipo zotsalira za Del Puerto zatayika m'mbiri. Ndipo dzina loti "Argentina" lidayamba kukhazikika m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku (dzikolo limadziwika kuti Vice-Kingdom of La Plata), ndipo mu 1863 dzina "Republic of Argentina" lidayamba kukhala lovomerezeka.
4. Mu 1445, oyendetsa sitima yapamtunda a ku Portugal a Dinis Dias, akuyenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja yakumadzulo kwa Africa, atatha masiku ambiri akuganizira za chipululu cha Sahara, adawona patali ndi chidutswa chobiriwira chowonekera munyanja. Sanadziwebe kuti apeza gawo lakumadzulo kwenikweni kwa Africa. Inde, adatcha chilumba "Cape Verde", m'Chipwitikizi "Cape Verde". Mu 1456, woyendetsa sitimayo wa ku Venetian Kadamosto, atapeza malo azilumba pafupi, osapanganso zina, adawutcha Cape Verde. Chifukwa chake, boma lomwe lili pazilumbazi limatchulidwa ndi chinthu chomwe sichikupezeka.
5. Chilumba cha Taiwan mpaka masiku ano chimatchedwa Formosa kuchokera ku liwu la Chipwitikizi lotanthauza "chilumba chokongola". Fuko lachilengedwe lomwe limakhala pachilumbachi limamutcha "Tayoan". Tanthauzo la dzinali likuwoneka kuti silinakhalepo. Achi China adasintha dzinali kukhala konsonanti "Da Yuan" - "Big Circle". Pambuyo pake, mawu onsewa adalumikizana ndi dzina lachilumbachi ndi boma. Monga momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri ku China, kuphatikiza kwa ma hieroglyphs "tai" ndi "wan" kumatha kutanthauziridwa m'njira zambiri. Awa onse ndi "nsanja pamwamba pa gombe" (mwina potanthauza chilumba cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena kulavulira), ndi "bay of terraces" - ulimi wamasamba umapangidwa m'malo otsetsereka a Mapiri a Taiwan.
6. Dzinalo "Austria" mu Chirasha limachokera ku "Austria" (kumwera), dzina lachi Latin lofananira ndi dzina "Österreich" (Eastern state). Zomwe zimafotokozeredwa zimasokoneza chisokonezo cha malowa chifukwa choti chi Latin chidatanthauza kuti dzikolo linali kumalire akumwera kwa kufalikira kwa chilankhulo cha Chijeremani. Dzinalo la Chijeremani limatanthauza komwe kuli madera aku Austria kum'mawa kwa dera lokhala ndi Ajeremani. Chifukwa chake dzikolo, lomwe lili pafupifupi pakati pa Europe, lidapeza dzina lachi Latin ku "kumwera".
7. Kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Australia, pachilumba cha Malay, ndi chisumbu cha Timor. Dzinalo m'Chiindoneziya ndi zilankhulo zingapo zamitundu amatanthauza "kum'mawa" - chilidi chimodzi mwazilumba zakum'mawa kwambiri kuzilumbazi. Mbiri yonse ya Timor yagawanika. Choyamba Chipwitikizi ndi Chidatchi, kenako Chijapani ndi zigawenga, kenako Amwenye ndi nzika. Chifukwa cha zovuta zonsezi, Indonesia idalanda gawo lachiwiri, chakum'mawa kwa chilumbacho mu 1974. Zotsatira zake ndi chigawo chotchedwa "Timor Timur" - "East East". Anthu omwe sanamvetsetse za dzinali sanapirire ndipo adalimbana mwamphamvu ndi ufulu wawo. Mu 2002, adakwaniritsa, ndipo tsopano dziko lawo limatchedwa "Timor Leshti" - East Timor.
8. Liwu loti "Pakistan" ndichidule, kutanthauza kuti limapangidwa ndi magawo a mawu ena angapo. Mawu awa ndi mayina amchigawo cha India wachikoloni momwe Asilamu amakhala kwambiri. Amatchedwa Punjab, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Sindh ndi Baluchistan. Dzinali linapangidwa ndi nzika yotchuka yaku Pakistani (monga atsogoleri onse aku India ndi Pakistani okonda dziko lawo, ophunzira ku England) Rahmat Ali mu 1933. Zidakhala bwino kwambiri: "paki" mu Chihindi ndi "yoyera, yowona mtima", "stan" ndichizindikiro chofala pamazina amaboma aku Central Asia. Mu 1947, ndikugawa India wachikoloni, Ulamuliro waku Pakistan udakhazikitsidwa, ndipo mu 1956 udakhala boma lodziyimira pawokha.
9. Dziko laling'ono la ku Europe la Luxembourg lili ndi dzina loyenerera kukula kwake. "Lucilem" mu Celtic amatanthauza "yaying'ono", "burg" m'Chijeremani kuti "castle". Kwa boma lokhala ndi malo opitilira 2,500 km2 ndipo anthu 600,000 ndioyenera kwambiri. Koma dzikolo lili ndi chuma chambiri padziko lonse lapansi (GDP) pamunthu aliyense, ndipo a Luxembourger ali ndi zifukwa zonse zotchulira dziko lawo Grand Duchy waku Luxembourg.
10. Mayina a mayiko atatuwa adachokera ku mayina ena akutali ndikuwonjezera kwa adjective "chatsopano". Ndipo ngati ku Papua New Guinea chimasulira chikutanthauza dzina la dziko lenileni lodziyimira pawokha, ndiye kuti New Zealand idatchulidwapo chigawo mkati mwa Netherlands, makamaka, panthawi yomwe dzikolo limapatsidwa dzinali, likadali dera ku Holy Roman Empire. Ndipo New Caledonia yatchulidwa ndi dzina lakale la Scotland.
11. Ngakhale kuti mu Chirasha ndi Chingerezi mayina "Ireland" ndi "Iceland" amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawu amodzi okha, kutengera kwa mayina awa ndikotsutsana ndendende. Ireland ndi "nthaka yachonde", Iceland ndi "dziko lachisanu". Komanso, kutentha kwapachaka m'mayikowa kumasiyana pafupifupi 5 ° C.
12. Zilumba za Virgin ndizilumba chimodzi ku Caribbean, koma zilumba zake zimakhala ndi zigawo zitatu kapena mwina zigawo ziwiri ndi theka. Zilumba zina ndi za United States, zina ku Great Britain, ndipo zina ku Puerto Rico, komwe, ngakhale kuli mbali ya United States, imadziwika kuti ndi boma logwirizana. Christopher Columbus adazindikira zilumbazi patsiku la St. Ursula. Malinga ndi nthano, mfumukazi iyi yaku Britain, motsogozedwa ndi anamwali 11,000, idapita ku Roma. Pobwerera, adaphedwa ndi a Huns. Columbus adatcha zilumbazi "Las Vírgines" polemekeza woyera mtima uyu ndi anzawo.
13. Dziko la Cameroon, lomwe lili kugombe lakumadzulo kwa Equatorial Africa, lidatchulidwa ndi nkhanu (doko. "Camarones") zomwe zimakhala pakanema kamtsinje, komwe anthu amderalo amatcha Vuri. A crustaceans adapereka dzina lawo kumtsinje, kenako kumadera (Germany, Britain ndi French), kenako kuphulika ndi dziko lodziyimira pawokha.
14. Pali matanthauzidwe awiri amomwe dzina la chilumbachi lidachokera komanso dzina lodziwika bwino la Melita, lomwe lili kunyanja ya Mediterranean. Woyambayo akuti dzinali limachokera ku liwu lachi Greek loti "uchi" - mtundu wapadera wa njuchi udapezeka pachilumbachi, chomwe chimapatsa uchi wabwino kwambiri. Baibulo lina lomwe linatuluka pambuyo pake limafotokoza za kufalikira kwa dzina lodziwika ndi masiku a Afoinike. M'chilankhulo chawo, mawu oti "maleet" amatanthauza "pothawirapo." Mphepete mwa nyanja ya Melta muli mkati mwake, ndipo pali mapanga ambiri ndi malo olowa pamtunda kotero kuti zinali zosatheka kupeza sitima yaying'ono ndi gulu lake pachilumbachi.
15. Akuluakulu a boma lodziyimira pawokha, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 1966 pamalo omwe amakhala ku Britain Guiana, mwachionekere amafuna kuthana ndi mbiri yakale ya atsamunda. Dzinalo "Guiana" lidasinthidwa kukhala "Guyana" ndipo adatchedwa "Guyana" - "dziko lamadzi ambiri". Chilichonse ndichabwino ndi madzi ku Guyana: kuli mitsinje yambiri, nyanja, gawo lalikulu la gawoli ndilothothoka. Dzikoli limadziwika ndi dzina lake - Cooperative Republic of Guyana - komanso kuti ndi dziko lokhalo lolankhula Chingerezi ku South America.
16. Mbiri yakuyambira kwa dzina laku Russia ku Japan ndiyosokoneza kwambiri. Chidule cha izi zikumveka chonchi. Achijapani amatcha dziko lawo "Nippon" kapena "Nihon", ndipo mu Chirasha mawuwo adawonekera pobwereka mwina French "Japon" (Japon), kapena "Germany" waku Germany (Yapan). Koma izi sizikufotokozera chilichonse - mayina achijeremani ndi achifalansa ali kutali kwambiri ndi oyamba monga achi Russia. Ulalo wotayika ndi dzina la Chipwitikizi. Achipwitikizi oyamba adapita ku Japan kudzera ku Malay Archipelago. Anthu kumeneko amatcha Japan "Japang" (japang). Ndi dzina ili lomwe Apwitikizi adabweretsa ku Europe, ndipo kumeneko anthu onse adaliwerenga malinga ndi kumvetsetsa kwawo.
17. Mu 1534, woyendetsa woyendetsa ndege waku France a Jacques Cartier, akuyang'ana Peninsula ya Gaspe pagombe lakum'mawa kwa Canada, adakumana ndi Amwenye omwe amakhala m'mudzi wawung'ono wa Stadacona. Cartier samadziwa chilankhulo cha amwenye, ndipo, zachidziwikire, sanakumbukire dzina la mudziwo. Chaka chotsatira, Mfalansa uja adabweranso m'malo amenewa ndikuyamba kufunafuna mudzi wodziwika bwino. Amwenye osamukasamuka ankagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "kanata" pomutsogolera. M'zinenero zaku India, zimatanthauza kukhazikika kulikonse kwa anthu. Cartier adakhulupirira kuti ili ndi dzina lamderalo lomwe amafunikira. Panalibe womukonzera - chifukwa cha nkhondoyi, Amwenye aku Laurentian, omwe amawadziwa, adamwalira. Cartier adalemba mapuwo "Canada", kenako amatcha dera loyandikana motero, kenako dzinalo lidafalikira kudera lonselo.
18. Mayiko ena adatchulidwa mayina ndi munthu m'modzi. Seychelles, yotchuka pakati pa alendo, yatchulidwa ndi Minister of Finance of France komanso Purezidenti wa French Academy of Science m'zaka za zana la 18, Jean Moreau de Seychelles. Anthu okhala ku Philippines, ngakhale atakhala nzika zodziyimira pawokha, sanasinthe dzina la dzikolo, ndikupitilizabe mfumu yaku Spain Philip II. Woyambitsa dzikolo, Muhammad ibn Saud, adapatsa dzinali Saudi Arabia. Achipwitikizi, omwe adagonjetsa wolamulira wa chilumba chaching'ono pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Kumwera cha Kum'mawa kwa Africa, Musu ben Mbiki kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 15, adamulimbikitsa pomutcha dera la Mozambique. Bolivia ndi Colombia, zomwe zili ku South America, zidatchedwa Simón Bolívar ndi Christopher Columbus.
19. Switzerland idatchedwa ndi kantoni ya Schwyz, yomwe inali imodzi mwazinthu zitatu zoyambitsa Confederation. Dzikoli palokha limadabwitsa aliyense ndi kukongola kwa malo ake kotero kuti dzina lake lakhala ngati mulingo woyenera wamapiri. Switzerland idayamba kunena za madera okhala ndi mapiri okongola padziko lonse lapansi. Woyamba kuwonekera m'zaka za zana la 18 anali Saxon Switzerland. Kampuchea, Nepal ndi Lebanon amatchedwa Asia Switzerland. Ma microstates aku Lesotho ndi Swaziland, omwe ali kumwera kwa Africa, amatchedwanso Switzerland. Makumi ambiri aku Switzerland nawonso ali ku Russia.
20. Pomwe Yugoslavia idasweka mu 1991, Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Macedonia idakhazikitsidwa. Greece sinakonde izi nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa cha ubale wabwino wachi Greek-Serbia Yugoslavia isanagwe, akuluakulu achi Greek adanyalanyaza kukhalapo kwa Makedoniya ngati gawo limodzi la Yugoslavia, ngakhale amaganiza kuti Makedonia ndi chigawo chawo chambiri komanso mbiri yake yachi Greek. Pambuyo pa kulengeza ufulu, Agiriki adayamba kutsutsa Makedoniya mdziko lonse lapansi. Choyamba, dzikolo lidalandira dzina loyipitsa la Yemwe Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Kenako, patatha zaka pafupifupi 30 zokambirana, makhothi apadziko lonse lapansi, nkhanza komanso zandale, Makedoniya adasinthidwa North North ku 2019.
21. Dzina la Georgia ndi Sakartvelo. Mu Chirasha, dzikolo limatchedwa choncho, chifukwa kwa nthawi yoyamba dzina la dera lino ndi anthu okhala mmenemo, diacon Ignatius Smolyanin adamva ku Persia. Aperisi amatcha anthu a ku Georgia "gurzi". Zolembazo zidakonzedwanso kuti zikhale zosangalatsa kwambiri, ndipo zidapezeka kuti Georgia. Pafupifupi mayiko onse padziko lapansi, Georgia amatchedwa dzina loti George munjira yachikazi. Saint George amadziwika kuti ndi woyang'anira dzikolo, ndipo mu Middle Ages panali mipingo 365 ya woyera uyu ku Georgia. M'zaka zaposachedwa, boma la Georgia lakhala likulimbana ndi dzina loti "Georgia", likufuna kuti lichotsedwe m'maiko ena.
22. Ngakhale zingaoneke zachilendo, m'dzina la Romania - "Romania" - kutchulidwa kwa Roma kuli koyenera komanso koyenera. Dera lamakono la Romania linali gawo la Ufumu wa Roma komanso Republic. Madera achonde komanso nyengo yozizira zidapangitsa kuti Romania ikhale yosangalatsa kwa omenyera nkhondo aku Roma, omwe adalandira gawo lawo lalikulu mosangalala. Aroma olemera komanso olemekezeka nawonso anali ndi malo ku Romania.
23. Dziko lapadera lidakhazikitsidwa ku 1822 ku West Africa. Boma la US lidapeza malo omwe boma lidakhazikitsidwa ndi dzina lokongola la Liberia - kuchokera ku liwu Lachilatini lotanthauza "kwaulere." Anthu akuda omasulidwa komanso obadwa kumene ochokera ku United States adakhazikika ku Liberia. Ngakhale dzina la dziko lawo, nzika zatsopanozi nthawi yomweyo zidayamba ukapolo nzika zadziko ndikuzigulitsa ku United States. Izi ndi zotsatira za dziko laulere. Masiku ano Liberia ndi amodzi mwamayiko osauka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuchuluka kwa ulova mmenemo ndi 85%.
24. Anthu aku Korea amatcha dziko lawo Joseon (DPRK, "Land of Morning Calm") kapena Hanguk (South Korea, "Han State"). Azungu adapita kwawo: adamva kuti mzera wa Koryo udalamulira pachilumba (ulamuliro udatha kumapeto kwa zaka za XIV), ndipo adatcha dzikolo Korea.
25. Mu 1935 Shah Reza Pahlavi adalamula kuchokera kumayiko ena kuti asiye kuyitanitsa dziko lake Persia ndikugwiritsa ntchito dzina la Iran. Ndipo izi sizinali zopusa kwa mfumu yakomweko.Anthu aku Irani amatcha dziko lawo Iran kuyambira nthawi zamakedzana, ndipo Persia idalumikizana kwambiri. Chifukwa chake zofuna za Shah zinali zomveka. Dzinalo "Iran" lasintha kalembedwe ndi matchulidwe angapo mpaka pano. Amamasuliridwa kuti "Dziko la Aryans".
