Ernesto Che Guevara

Ernesto Che Guevara (dzina lonse Ernesto Guevara; (1928-1967) - Wosintha ku Latin America, Commander wa 1959 Cuba Revolution ndi kazembe waku Cuba.

Kuphatikiza pa kontinenti ya Latin America, adagwiranso ntchito ku DR Congo ndi madera ena (zomwe zidasankhidwabe).

Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Ernesto Che Guevara, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Ernesto Guevara.

Mbiri ya Che Guevara

Ernesto Che Guevara adabadwa pa June 14, 1928 mumzinda waku Rosario ku Argentina. Abambo ake, Ernesto Guevara Lynch, anali katswiri wa zomangamanga, ndipo amayi ake, a Celia De la Serna, anali mwana wamkazi wa wokonza mapulani. Makolo ake, Ernesto anali woyamba mwa ana 5.

Ubwana ndi unyamata

Atamwalira achibale, mayi wamtsogolo wazosintha adalandira cholowa cha mnzake - tiyi waku Paraguay. Mkazi anali wosiyana ndi chifundo ndi chilungamo, chifukwa cha zomwe anachita zonse zomwe angathe kuti athetse miyoyo ya ogwira ntchito m'minda.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Celia adayamba kulipira antchito osati pazogulitsa, monga zidaliri iye, koma ndalama. Ernesto Che Guevara ali ndi zaka ziwiri zokha, adapezeka kuti ali ndi mphumu yam'mimba, yomwe idamuzunza mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake.

Pofuna kukonza thanzi la mwana woyamba, makolo adaganiza zosamukira kudera lina, komwe kuli nyengo yabwino. Zotsatira zake, banja lidagulitsa malo awo ndikukakhazikika m'chigawo cha Cordoba, komwe Che Guevara adakhala ali mwana. Awiriwa adagula malo mtawuni ya Alta Gracia, yomwe ili pamtunda wa 2000 mita pamwamba pamadzi.

Kwa zaka ziwiri zoyambirira, Ernesto samatha kupita kusukulu chifukwa chodwala, motero adakakamizidwa kuti akaphunzire kunyumba. Pakadali pano mu mbiri yake, anali kudwala matenda achifuwa tsiku lililonse.

Mnyamatayo adadziwika ndi chidwi chake, ataphunzira kuwerenga ali ndi zaka 4. Atamaliza sukulu, adakwanitsa kumaliza mayeso kukoleji, pambuyo pake adapitiliza maphunziro ake ku yunivesite, posankha Gulu Lopanga Zamankhwala. Zotsatira zake, adakhala dokotala wochita opaleshoni komanso dermatologist.

Mofananamo ndi zamankhwala, Che Guevara adachita chidwi ndi sayansi ndi ndale. Anawerenga zolemba za Lenin, Marx, Engels ndi olemba ena. Mwa njira, panali laibulale ya makolo a mnyamatayo masauzande angapo!

Ernesto ankadziwa bwino Chifalansa, chifukwa chake adawerenga zolemba zakale zachi French zoyambirira. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti adaphunzira mozama ntchito za wafilosofi Jean-Paul Sartre, komanso adawerenga mabuku a Verlaine, Baudelaire, Garcia Lorca ndi olemba ena.

Che Guevara anali wokonda kwambiri ndakatulo, chifukwa chake iyemwini anayesera kulemba ndakatulo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pambuyo pa imfa yomvetsa chisoni ya wofuna kusintha zinthu, mabuku ake awiri ndi 9 omwe asonkhanitsidwa adzafalitsidwa.

Mu nthawi yake yaulere, Ernesto Che Guevara adasamalira kwambiri masewera. Ankakonda kusewera mpira, rugby, gofu, kupalasa njinga kwambiri, komanso amakonda kukwera mahatchi komanso ma glider oyenda. Komabe, chifukwa cha mphumu, amakakamizidwa kuti azinyamula inhaler nthawi zonse, yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi.

Maulendo

Che Guevara adayamba kuyenda pazaka zake zophunzira. Mu 1950, adalembedwa ntchito yoyendetsa sitima yapamadzi yonyamula katundu, yomwe idapangitsa kuti apite ku Britain Guiana (tsopano Guyana) ndi Trinidad. Pambuyo pake, adavomera kutenga nawo mbali pantchito yotsatsa kampani ya Micron, yomwe idamupempha kuti ayende pa moped.

Pazoyendetsa zoterezi, Ernesto Che Guevara adakwanitsa kupitilira ma 4000 km, atayendera zigawo 12 za ku Argentina. Maulendo a mnyamatayo sanathere pomwepo.

Pamodzi ndi mnzake, Doctor of Biochemistry, Alberto Granado, adayendera mayiko ambiri, kuphatikiza Chile, Peru, Colombia ndi Venezuela.

Akuyenda, achinyamata adapeza chakudya chawo pantchito zazing'ono: amathandizira anthu ndi nyama, amatsuka mbale m'malesitanti, amagwira ntchito yolowetsa ena ndikuchita zonyansa zina. Nthawi zambiri ankamanga mahema m'nkhalango, momwe ankakhala pogona pang'ono.

Paulendo wake wina wopita ku Colombia, Che Guevara adayamba kuwona zoyipa zonse zankhondo yapachiweniweni yomwe idasesa dzikolo. Munali munthawi ya mbiri yake momwe malingaliro osintha zinthu adayamba kudzuka mwa iye.

Mu 1952 Ernesto adakwanitsa kumaliza digiri yake yokhudza matendawa. Popeza anali katswiri wa udokotala wa opaleshoni, adagwira ntchito kwakanthawi m'dera la akhate ku Venezuela, pambuyo pake adapita ku Guatemala. Pasanapite nthawi analandira kuitanidwa ku usilikali, kumene sanafune kupita.

Zotsatira zake, Che Guevara adatsata ziwonetsero za mphumu pamaso pa komitiyi, chifukwa adamasulidwa kuutumiki. Pomwe amakhala ku Guatemala, wosinthayo adapitilizidwa ndi nkhondo. Mwa kuthekera kwake, adathandiza otsutsa boma latsopanoli kunyamula zida ndikuchita zina.

Atagonjetsedwa ndi zigawengazo, a Ernesto Che Guevara adagwidwa ndi nkhanza, motero adakakamizika kuthawa mdzikolo. Anabwerera kunyumba ndipo mu 1954 anasamukira ku likulu la Mexico. Apa adayesa kugwira ntchito ngati mtolankhani, wojambula zithunzi, wogulitsa mabuku komanso mlonda.

Pambuyo pake, Che Guevara adapeza ntchito ku dipatimenti yazowopsa ya chipatalacho. Pasanapite nthawi anayamba kuphunzitsa komanso kuchita nawo sayansi ku Institute of Cardiology.

M'chilimwe cha 1955, mnzake wakale yemwe adadzakhala wosintha dziko la Cuba adabwera kudzawona waku Argentina. Pambuyo pokambirana kwanthawi yayitali, wodwalayo adakwanitsa kukakamiza Che Guevara kuti atenge nawo gawo polimbana ndi wolamulira mwankhanza ku Cuba.

Kusintha kwa Cuba

Mu Julayi 1955, Ernesto adakumana ku Mexico ndi mutu wosintha komanso wamtsogolo ku Cuba, Fidel Castro. Achinyamata mwachangu adapeza zomwe amagwirizana pakati pawo, ndikukhala otsogola pakuwukira komwe kukubwera ku Cuba. Patapita nthawi, adagwidwa ndikumangidwa, chifukwa chakubisika kwachinsinsi.

Ndipo komabe Che ndi Fidel adamasulidwa chifukwa chakuyimira pakati pa chikhalidwe ndi anthu. Pambuyo pake, adapita ku Cuba, osadziwabe zovuta zomwe zikubwera. Panyanja, ngalawa yawo inasweka.

Kuphatikiza apo, ogwira ntchito ndi omwe adakwera adakumana ndi moto wakumlengalenga kuchokera kuboma lomwe lilipo. Amuna ambiri adamwalira kapena agwidwa. Ernesto adapulumuka ndipo, ndi anthu angapo amalingaliro ofanana, adayamba kuchita zaphwando.

Pokhala munthawi yovuta kwambiri, m'malire mwa moyo ndi imfa, Che Guevara adadwala malungo. Pakumulandira, adapitiliza kuwerenga mwachidwi mabuku, kulemba nkhani ndikusunga zolemba.

Mu 1957, opandukawo adakwanitsa kulanda madera ena aku Cuba, kuphatikiza mapiri a Sierra Maestra. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, zigawenga zinayamba kukula kwambiri, pomwe anthu ambiri sanakhutire ndi ulamuliro wa Batista mdziko muno.

Panthawiyo, mbiri ya Ernesto Che Guevara adapatsidwa udindo wankhondo wa "commandant", ndikukhala wamkulu wa gulu lankhondo la 75. Mofananamo ndi izi, waku Argentina adachita ntchito zampikisano ngati mkonzi wa buku la "Free Cuba".

Tsiku lililonse osintha zinthu adakula kwambiri, ndikugonjetsa madera atsopano. Iwo adagwirizana ndi achikominisi aku Cuba, ndikupeza zipambano zochulukirapo. Gulu la Che lidakhala ndi mphamvu ku Las Villas.

Pa nthawi ya coup d'etat, opandukawo adachita zosintha zambiri mokomera alimi, chifukwa chake adalandira thandizo kuchokera kwa iwo. Pa nkhondo za Santa Clara, pa 1 Januware 1959, gulu lankhondo la Che Guevara lidapambana, zomwe zidakakamiza Batista kuthawa ku Cuba.

Kuzindikira ndi ulemerero

Pambuyo pakusintha kwabwino, Fidel Castro adakhala wolamulira ku Cuba, pomwe a Ernesto Che Guevara adalandira nzika zovomerezeka ku republic komanso udindo wa Minister of Viwanda.

Posakhalitsa, Che adapita kukaona dziko lonse lapansi, atapita ku Pakistan, Egypt, Sudan, Yugoslavia, Indonesia ndi mayiko ena ambiri. Pambuyo pake adapatsidwa udindo wa wamkulu wa dipatimenti yamakampani komanso wamkulu wa Cuban National Bank.

Pakadali pano, mbiri ya Che Guevara idasindikiza buku la "Guerrilla War", pambuyo pake adapitanso kukayendera bizinesi kumayiko osiyanasiyana. Kumapeto kwa 1961, adayendera Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, China, DPRK ndi Germany Democratic Republic.

Chaka chotsatira, makhadi olandirira chakudya adayambitsidwa pachilumbachi. Ernesto adanenetsa kuti mulingo wake ukhale wofanana ndi wa anthu wamba aku Cuba. Komanso, anali kugwira nawo mwakhama kudula bango, zomangamanga nyumba ndi mitundu ina ya ntchito.

Pofika nthawi imeneyo, ubale pakati pa Cuba ndi United States unali utasokonekera kwambiri. Mu 1964, Che Guevara adalankhula ku UN, komwe adatsutsa mwamphamvu mfundo zaku America. Amalemekeza umunthu wa Stalin, mwinanso miseche adasaina makalata - Stalin-2.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Ernesto mobwerezabwereza adamupha, zomwe samazibisa pagulu. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera mndende ya UN, bambo wina ananena mawu otsatirawa: "Kuwombera? Inde! Tinali kuwombera, tikuwombera ndipo tidzawombera ... ”.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mlongo wake wa Castro, Juanita, yemwe amamudziwa bwino wakuArgentina, adalankhula za Che Guevara motere: "Kwa iye, mlandu kapena kafukufuku sizinali zofunika. Nthawi yomweyo adayamba kuwombera, chifukwa analibe mtima. "

Nthawi ina, Che, ataganiziranso zambiri pamoyo wake, adaganiza zochoka ku Cuba. Adalemba makalata otsazika kwa ana, makolo ndi Fidel Castro, pambuyo pake adachoka ku Liberty Island mchaka cha 1965. M'makalata ake kwa abwenzi ndi abale, adati mayiko ena amafunikira thandizo lake.

Pambuyo pake, a Ernesto Che Guevara adapita ku Congo, komwe panthawiyo nkhondo yayikulu idayamba. Iye, pamodzi ndi anthu amaganizo amodzi, anathandiza gulu zigawenga m'dera la zokomera chipani.

Kenako Che adapita "kukapereka chilungamo" ku Africa. Kenako adadwalanso malungo, chifukwa adakakamizidwa kuti amuthandize kuchipatala. Mu 1966, adatsogolera gulu lazachigawenga ku Bolivia. Boma la US linayang'anitsitsa zochita zake.

Che Guevara wakhala chiwopsezo chenicheni kwa anthu aku America, omwe adalonjeza kuti apereka mphotho yayikulu pakupha kwake. Guevara adakhala ku Bolivia kwa miyezi 11.

Moyo waumwini

Ali mwana, Ernesto adawonetsa chidwi kwa mtsikana wochokera kubanja lolemera ku Cardoba. Komabe, mayi wa womusankhayo adalimbikitsa mwana wake wamkazi kukana kukwatiwa ndi Che, yemwe anali ngati woponda pamsewu.

Mu 1955, mnyamatayo anakwatira woukira boma dzina lake Ilda Gadea, yemwe adakhala naye zaka 4. Muukwati uwu, banjali linali ndi mtsikana wotchedwa amayi ake - Ilda.

Posakhalitsa, Che Guevara adakwatirana ndi Aleida March Torres, mayi waku Cuba yemwenso amatenga nawo mbali pakusintha. Mgwirizanowu, banjali linali ndi ana awiri - Camilo ndi Ernesto, ndi ana awiri aakazi - Celia ndi Aleida.

Imfa

Atagwidwa ndi anthu a ku Bolivia, Ernesto anazunzidwa koopsa, atakana kuuza apolisiwo. Munthu womangidwayo anavulazidwa pachimake, komanso anali ndi mawonekedwe owopsa: tsitsi lakuda, zovala zong'ambika ndi nsapato. Komabe, adachita ngati ngwazi zenizeni atakweza mutu.

Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina Che Guevara adalavulira apolisi omwe anali kumufunsa mafunso mpaka kumumenya m'modzi pomwe amafuna kumulanda chitoliro. Usiku womaliza asanamwalire, anakhala pansi pasukulu yakomweko, komwe amafunsidwa mafunso. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pafupi naye panali mitembo ya amzake awiri omwe adaphedwa.

Ernesto Che Guevara adawomberedwa pa Okutobala 9, 1967 ali ndi zaka 39. Zipolopolo 9 zidamuponyera. Thupi lodulidwalo lidawonetsedwa pagulu, kenako lidayikidwa m'manda mosadziwika.

Zotsalira za Che zidapezeka kokha mu 1997. Imfa ya woukira boma idadabwitsa kwambiri anthu akwawo. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu am'deralo adayamba kumuwona ngati woyera mtima ndipo amapemphera kwa iye.

Lero Che Guevara ndi chizindikiro cha kusintha ndi chilungamo, chifukwa chake, zithunzi zake zitha kuwoneka pa T-shirts ndi zikumbutso.