Leonid Makarovich Kravchuk (wobadwa 1934) - Chipani cha Soviet ndi Ukraine, mtsogoleri wandale komanso wandale, purezidenti woyamba wa Ukraine wodziyimira pawokha (1991-1994). Wachiwiri kwa Anthu aku Ukraine Verkhovna Rada pamisonkhano 1-4. Membala wa CPSU (1958-1991) komanso membala wa SDPU (u) mu 1998-2009, phungu wa sayansi ya zachuma.
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Kravchuk, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Leonid Kravchuk.
Mbiri ya Kravchuk
Leonid Kravchuk adabadwa pa Januware 10, 1934 m'mudzi wa Veliky Zhitin, womwe uli pafupi ndi Rovno. Anakulira m'banja losauka la Makar Alekseevich ndi mkazi wake Efimia Ivanovna.
Pamene Purezidenti wamtsogolo anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 7, Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lonse (1941-1945), chifukwa chake Kravchuk Sr. Bamboyo anamwalira mu 1944 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda ambiri ku Belarus. Patapita nthawi, amayi a Leonid anakwatiranso.
Nditamaliza sukulu, mnyamatayo anakhoza bwino mayeso ku sukulu ya zamalonda ndi yothandizira. Analandira ma alama onse pamaphunziro onse, ndichifukwa chake anamaliza maphunziro apamwamba.
Kenako Leonid Kravchuk adakhala wophunzira ku Kiev State University ndi digiri mu Economics. Apa adapatsidwa udindo wokonza maphunzirowa a Komsomol, koma patatha chaka adakana, popeza sanafune "kuvina nyimbo" za wokonza phwandolo.
Malinga ndi Kravchuk, mkati mwa zaka zake zamaphunziro amayenera kupeza ndalama zonyamula. Ndipo komabe, amaganiza kuti nthawiyo ndi imodzi mwazinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri mu mbiri yake.
Ntchito ndi ndale
Atakhala katswiri wodziwika bwino, Leonid adayamba kuphunzitsa ku Chernivtsi Financial College, komwe adagwira ntchito zaka ziwiri. Kuyambira 1960 mpaka 1967 anali mlangizi-wofufuza njira za Nyumba Yamaphunziro Andale.
Munthuyo anakamba nkhani ndipo anatsogolera dipatimenti ya chipwirikiti ndi mabodza a Chernivtsi Regional Committee ya Communist Party. Mu 1970 adateteza bwino Ph.D. malingaliro ake pamalingaliro a phindu pansi pa socialism.
M'zaka 18 zotsatira, Kravchuk anali akukwera kwambiri pantchito. Zotsatira zake, pofika 1988 adadzuka kukhala mutu wa dipatimenti yofalitsa nkhani ya Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pomwe wandale amabwera kudzaona amayi ake, omwe anali amayi opembedza, amakhala kutsogolo kwa mafano pomupempha.
M'zaka za m'ma 80, Leonid Makarovich adagwira nawo ntchito yolemba mabuku angapo operekedwa ku malingaliro, zopindulitsa zachuma za anthu a Soviet, kukonda dziko lawo komanso kusowa kwa USSR. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80 pamasamba a nyuzipepala "Evening Kiev", adayamba kukambirana momasuka ndi omenyera ufulu wa Ukraine.
Pa mbiri ya 1989-1991. Kravchuk anali ndiudindo wapamwamba m'boma: membala wa Politburo, Secretary wa 2 wa Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu ku Ukraine, wachiwiri wa Supreme Soviet ya Ukraine SSR komanso membala wa CPSU. Pambuyo pa August Putch wodziwika, wandale adachoka mgulu la Communist Party of the Soviet Union, ndikusainira pa Ogasiti 24, 1991 Lamulo Lolengeza Ufulu Waku Ukraine.
Kuyambira pamenepo, Leonid Kravchuk anakhala wapampando wa Ukraine Verkhovna Rada. Patatha sabata imodzi, adalamula kuti aletse ntchito za Party Communist m'boma, chifukwa chomwe adachita ntchito.
Purezidenti wa Ukraine
Leonid Makarovich adakhala purezidenti kwa zaka 2.5. Adapita pachisankho ngati osasankha. Mwamunayo adapempha anthu opitilira 61% aku Ukraine, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti akhale Purezidenti wa Ukraine pa Disembala 1, 1991.
Patatha sabata atasankhidwa, Kravchuk adasaina Pangano la Belovezhskaya pakutha kukhalapo kwa USSR. Kupatula pa iye, chikalatacho chidasainidwa ndi Purezidenti wa RSFSR Boris Yeltsin komanso wamkulu wa Belarus Stanislav Shushkevich.
Malinga ndi akatswiri andale, anali Leonid Kravchuk yemwe anali woyambitsa wamkulu wa kugwa kwa USSR. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mawuwa adatsimikizidwadi ndi Purezidenti wakale, atanena kuti anthu aku Ukraine adakhala "manda" a Soviet Union.
Utsogoleri wa Kravchuk walandila ndemanga zosiyanasiyana. Zina mwa zomwe adachita ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha ku Ukraine, kukhazikitsa dongosolo la zipani zambiri ndikukhazikitsa Land Code. Zina mwa zolephera ndi kuchepa kwachuma komanso umphawi wa aku Ukraine.
Chifukwa cha mavuto omwe akukula m'boma, Leonid Makarovich adavomera zisankho zoyambirira, wopambana mwa iwo anali Leonid Kuchma. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Kuchma adzakhala Purezidenti yekhayo m'mbiri ya Ukraine yodziyimira payokha yemwe watumikira zaka 2.
Pambuyo pa purezidenti
Kravchuk anasankhidwa katatu (mu 1994, 1998 ndi 2002) ngati wachiwiri wa Verkhovna Rada. Mu nthawi ya 1998-2006. anali membala wa utsogoleri wa Social Democratic Party ya Ukraine.
Pambuyo pa kulandidwa kwa Crimea kupita ku Russia, wandale nthawi zambiri ankanena kuti aku Ukraine akuyenera kuti amenye nkhondo. Mu 2016, adapempha kupereka chilolezo ku chilumba monga gawo la Ukraine, ndipo Donbass ali ndi "udindo wapadera".
Moyo waumwini
Leonid Kravchuk anakwatiwa ndi Antonina Mikhailovna, yemwe anakumana naye ali mwana. Achinyamata adakwatirana mu 1957.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti wosankhidwa wa purezidenti wakale ndi wopikisana ndi sayansi yachuma. Mgwirizanowu, banjali linali ndi mwana, Alexander. Lero, Alexander akuchita bizinesi.
Malinga ndi Kravchuk, tsiku lililonse amagwiritsa 100 g ya vodka "yathanzi", komanso amapita kusamba sabata iliyonse. M'chilimwe cha 2011, adachitidwa opareshoni kuti athe kuwona bwino posintha mandala a diso lake lakumanzere.
Mu 2017, wandale uja adachotsa zolembedwazo m'zombo. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti m'modzi mwamafunso omwe adachita nthabwala kuti opareshoni ndi njira zina zamankhwala zomwe zachitika zikufanana ndi kuwunika kwanthawi zonse. Kwa zaka zambiri za mbiri yake, Kravchuk adakhala wolemba zolemba zoposa 500.
Leonid Kravchuk lero
Leonid Kravchuk adakali ndi ndale, akuyankhapo pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana ku Ukraine komanso padziko lapansi. Ali ndi nkhawa makamaka zakulandidwa kwa Crimea komanso momwe zinthu ziliri ku Donbas.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mwamunayo ndi wothandizira kukhazikitsa zokambirana pakati pa Kiev ndi nthumwi za LPR / DPR, popeza akutenga nawo mbali pazipangano za Minsk. Ali ndi tsamba lovomerezeka komanso tsamba la Facebook.
Zithunzi za Kravchuk
