George Washington (1732-1799) - Wandale waku America komanso wandale, woyamba Purezidenti wosankhidwa ku United States (1789-1797), m'modzi mwa abambo oyambitsa ku United States, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, omwe akuchita nawo Nkhondo Yodziyimira pawokha komanso woyambitsa wa American Presidency Institute.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Washington, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya George Washington.
Mbiri ya Washington
George Washington adabadwa pa February 22, 1732 ku Virginia. Anakulira m'banja la akapolo olemera omwe anali ndi akapolo komanso obzala mbewu Augustine ndi mkazi wake Mary Ball, yemwe anali mwana wamkazi wa wansembe waku England komanso msilikali wamkulu.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Washington Sr. anali ndi ana anayi kuchokera paukwati wapitawo ndi Jane Butler, yemwe adamwalira mu 1729. Pambuyo pake, adakwatirana ndi mtsikana wina dzina lake Mary, yemwe adamuberekera ana ena asanu ndi m'modzi, woyamba mwa iwo anali Purezidenti wa America mtsogolo.
Amayi a George anali mayi wolimba mtima komanso wosasunthika yemwe anali ndi malingaliro ake ndipo samatengeka ndi ena. Nthawi zonse ankatsatira mfundo zake, zomwe pambuyo pake zinatengera mwana wake woyamba kubadwa.
Tsoka loyamba mu mbiri ya Washington lidachitika ali ndi zaka 11, pomwe abambo ake adamwalira. Mutu wabanja adasiya chuma chake chonse, chokhala ndi maekala 10,000 ndi akapolo 49, kwa ana. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti George adapeza malo (260 maekala), ngati famu, ndi akapolo 10.
Ali mwana, Washington adalimbikitsidwa kusukulu ndikukhala ndi chidwi chodziphunzitsa. Atalandira cholowacho, adazindikira kuti ukapolo umatsutsana ndi zikhalidwe zamunthu komanso zamakhalidwe abwino, koma nthawi yomweyo adazindikira kuti kutha kwa ukapolo sikubwera posachedwa.
Kapangidwe ka umunthu wa George kudakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Lord Fairfax, yemwe anali m'modzi mwa eni malo akulu kwambiri m'nthawi yake. Adathandizira mnyamatayo kuyang'anira famuyo, komanso amathandizanso pomanga ntchito yoyesa malo komanso woyang'anira.
Mchimwene wake wa Washington atamwalira ali ndi zaka 20, George adalandira cholowa cha Mount Vernon ndi akapolo 18. Nthawi imeneyo, mbiri, mnyamatayo adayamba kuphunzira ntchito ya wofufuza malo, yemwe adayamba kumubweretsera ndalama yoyamba.
Pambuyo pake, George adatsogolera chigawo chimodzi cha asitikali aku Virginia ngati wothandizira. Mu 1753 adapatsidwa gawo logwira ntchito yovuta - kuchenjeza Achifalansa za kufunikira kwakupezeka kwawo ku Ohio.
Zinatengera Washington pafupifupi miyezi iwiri ndi theka kuti athetse njira yoopsa ya 800 km ndipo, chifukwa chake, adachita izi. Pambuyo pake, adagwira nawo nawo kampeni yolanda Fort Duquesne. Pambuyo pake, banjaard yaku Britain, motsogozedwa ndi George, adatha kulanda linga.
Kupambana kumeneku kudatha kutha kwa ulamuliro waku France ku Ohio. Nthawi yomweyo, Amwenye akumaloko adavomera kupita kumbali ya wopambana. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mgwirizano wamtendere udasainidwa ndi mafuko onse.
George Washington adapitilizabe kumenya nkhondo ndi a French, ndikukhala wamkulu wa Virginia Provincial Regiment. Komabe, mu 1758, wapolisi wazaka 26 adaganiza zopuma pantchito.
Kulimbana ndi nkhondo komanso kumenyera zolinga zake kunalimbitsa George. Anakhala munthu wosasamala komanso wolanga, nthawi zonse kuyesera kuti athetse vutoli. Anali wokhulupirika ku zipembedzo za anthu osiyanasiyana, koma iyemwini samadziona ngati wopembedza kwambiri.
Ndale
Atapuma pantchito, Washington idakhala bwino pakupanga akapolo. Nthawi yomweyo adawonetsa chidwi pazandale. Pa mbiri ya 1758-1774. mwamunayo adasankhidwa kangapo ku Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Virginia.
Monga wokonza mapulani, George adazindikira kuti mfundo zaku Britain sizinali zoyenerera. Kufunitsitsa kwa olamulira aku Britain kuletsa chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi malonda m'madera atsamunda kunatsutsidwa kwambiri.
Pazifukwa izi ndi zina, Washington idakhazikitsa gulu ku Virginia kuti lisiye zinthu zonse zaku Britain. Modabwitsa, a Thomas Jefferson ndi a Patrick Henry anali mbali yake.
Mwamunayo adayesetsa kuteteza ufulu wawo. Mu 1769 adapereka chikalata chololeza kupereka ufulu wokhazikitsa misonkho kokha pamisonkhano yalamulo yamakholoni.
Kupondereza Britain ku madera sikunalole kuti mgwirizano uliwonse kapena chiyanjanitso zifike. Izi zidadzetsa mkangano pakati pa atsamunda ndi asitikali aku Britain. Pankhaniyi, Washington mwadala adayamba kuvala yunifolomu, pozindikira kusapeweka kwa ubale.
Nkhondo yodziyimira pawokha
Mu 1775, George adapatsidwa udindo woyang'anira gulu lankhondo la Continental, lomwe linali ndi asitikali aku America. Anakwanitsa munthawi yochepa kwambiri kuti alangize oyang'anira ndikukonzekera asitikali ankhondo.
Poyambirira, Washington idalamulira kuzungulira mzinda wa Boston. Mu 1776, gulu lankhondo lidateteza New York momwe angathere, koma amayenera kutengera kuwukira kwa aku Britain.
Patapita miyezi ingapo, mkuluyo ndi asitikali ake adabwezera pankhondo zaku Trenton ndi Princeton. M'ngululu ya 1777, kuzingidwa kwa Boston komabe kunatha kupambana ku America.
Kupambana kumeneku kudawonjezera chidwi cha Asitikali aku Continental, komanso kudzidalira. Izi zidatsatiridwa ndikupambana ku Saratoga, kulanda boma madera apakati, kudzipereka kwa aku Britain ku Yorktown, komanso kutha kwa nkhondo yankhondo ku America.
Atamenya nkhondo zapamwamba, opandukawo adayamba kukayikira ngati Congress iwalipira malipiro chifukwa chotenga nawo mbali pankhondoyo. Zotsatira zake, adaganiza zopanga mtsogoleri waboma, George Washington, yemwe anali ndiudindo waukulu nawo.
American Revolution idatha mu 1783 pomaliza Pangano la Mtendere ku Paris. Mgwirizanowu utangosainidwa, wamkulu wankhondo adasiya ntchito ndikutumiza makalata kwa atsogoleri aboma, komwe adalimbikitsa kuti alimbikitse boma pakati kuti lisagwe.
Purezidenti Woyamba wa United States
Pamapeto pa mkangano, George Washington adabwerera ku malo ake, osayiwala kuwunika momwe ndale zilili mdzikolo. Posakhalitsa adasankhidwa kukhala mutu wa Constitutional Convention, yomwe idalemba Constitution ya US ku 1787.
Pazisankho zotsatira, Washington idapeza thandizo la ovota, omwe adamuvotera onse. Atakhala Purezidenti wa United States, adalimbikitsa anthu akwawo kulemekeza Malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino ndikukhala mogwirizana ndi malamulo operekedwa mmenemo.
Ku likulu lake, a George adalemba akuluakulu ophunzira omwe akufuna kugwira ntchito zokomera dziko lawo. Pogwirizana ndi Congress, sanalowerere mikangano yandale.
Munthawi yake yachiwiri ngati Purezidenti, Washington idapereka pulogalamuyi ku America pazachuma komanso zachuma. Anapulumutsa United States kuti isatenge nawo mbali pankhondo zaku Europe, komanso analetsa kupanga mizimu yotayika.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti malingaliro a George Washington nthawi zambiri ankatsutsidwa ndi anthu ena, koma zoyesayesa zakusamvera nthawi yomweyo zimatsutsidwa ndi boma lomwe lilipo. Akamaliza nthawi ziwiri zantchito, adapemphedwa kutenga nawo mbali pachisankho kachitatu.
Komabe, wandaleyo adakana pempholi chifukwa lidaphwanya lamuloli. Pomwe boma limalamulira, George adasiya ukapolo mdzikolo, koma, monga kale, adayang'anira minda yake ndikuyang'ana akapolo omwe amapulumuka nthawi ndi nthawi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kwathunthu panali akapolo pafupifupi 400 motsogozedwa ndi Washington.
Moyo waumwini
George ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 27, adakwatira Martha Custis wamasiye wolemera. Mtsikanayo anali ndi nyumba yayikulu, akapolo 300 ndi maekala 17,000.
Mwamunayo adataya chiwongola dzanja choterocho mwanzeru, ndikutha kuchisandutsa malo amodzi olemera kwambiri ku Virginia.
M'banja la Washington, ana sanawonekere. Awiriwa adalera ana a Martha, omwe adabadwa naye m'banja lakale.
Imfa
George Washington adamwalira pa Disembala 15, 1799 ali ndi zaka 67. Masiku angapo asanamwalire, adagwidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Atafika kunyumba, bamboyo nthawi yomweyo adadya nkhomaliro, ndikuganiza kuti asasinthe zovala zowuma. Kutacha m'mawa, anayamba kutsokomola mwamphamvu, kenako samathanso kuyankhula.
Purezidenti wakale adayamba malungo omwe adadzetsa chibayo ndi laryngitis. Madokotala anayamba kukhetsa magazi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake a mercury, zomwe zinangowonjezera mavutowo.
Pozindikira kuti akumwalira, Washington adalamula kuti adziike m'manda masiku atatu okha atamwalira, chifukwa amaopa kuti adzaikidwa m'manda amoyo. Anakhalabe ndi malingaliro omveka bwino mpaka atamwalira. Pambuyo pake, likulu la United States lidzatchedwa dzina lake, ndipo chithunzi chake chidzawoneka pa $ 1 bill.
Chithunzi ndi George Washington
Pansipa mutha kuwona zithunzi zosangalatsa za zithunzi za George Washington. Nayi nthawi zosangalatsa kwambiri kuchokera m'moyo wa purezidenti woyamba wa United States, omwe adagwidwa ndi ojambula osiyanasiyana.
