George Soros (alipo. Wothandizira chiphunzitso cha anthu otseguka, komanso wotsutsa "msika wachikhulupiriro".
Woyambitsa gulu la ntchito zachifundo zotchedwa Soros Foundation. Membala wa Executive Committee ya International Crisis Group. Pofika mu 2019, chuma chake chikuyerekeza $ 8.3 biliyoni.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Soros, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya George Soros.
Zithunzi za Soros
George Soros adabadwa pa Ogasiti 12, 1930 ku Budapest. Anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja lachiyuda. Abambo ake, a Tivadar Schwartz, anali loya komanso katswiri ku Esperanto, chilankhulo chadziko lonse chopangira kulumikizana. Amayi, Elizabeth, anali mwana wamkazi wa wogulitsa silika.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Mutu wa banjali anali nawo nawo pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse (1914-1918), pambuyo pake adagwidwa ndikuwatumiza ku Siberia. Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu ali mu ukapolo, adatha kubwerera kwawo.
Atakumana ndi zovuta zambiri m'moyo wake, Soros Sr. adaphunzitsa mwana wake kuti apulumuke mdziko lino. Mayi ake nawonso anaphunzitsa George kukonda zaluso. Nthawi yonse ya mbiri yake, mnyamatayo amakonda kwambiri kujambula ndi kujambula.
Soros adawonetsa luso lolankhula bwino, kuphunzira Chingerezi, Chijeremani ndi Chifalansa. Kuphatikiza apo, anali ndi chidwi chambiri posambira, kuyenda panyanja ndi tennis. Malinga ndi omwe anali nawo m'kalasi, George anali wosazindikira ndipo ankakonda kumenya nawo nkhondo.
Wogulitsa ndalama wamtsogolo ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 9, Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse (1939-1945) idayamba. Popeza iye ndi abale ake anali Ayuda, adawopa kugwa m'manja mwa a Nazi, omwe amadana nawo kwambiri anthuwa. Pachifukwa ichi, banjali limakhala mwamantha nthawi zonse, kubisala kuzunzidwa m'malo ena.
Panthawiyo, abambo a Soros anali akuchita zikalata zabodza. Chifukwa cha ichi, adatha kupulumutsa achibale ndi Ayuda ena ku imfa. Nkhondo itatha, mnyamatayo anapitiliza maphunziro ake kusukulu, koma kukumbukira zowopsa za Nazi kudamupatsa mpumulo.
Mu 1947, George aganiza zopita Kumadzulo. Poyamba adapita ku Switzerland, komwe posakhalitsa adasamukira ku London. Apa adagwira ntchito iliyonse: adagwira ntchito yoperekera zakudya, adatenga maapulo ndikugwira ntchito yopaka utoto.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, Soros adalowa London School of Economics and Political Science, komwe adaphunzirira zaka 3. Atakhala katswiri wovomerezeka, poyamba sanapeze ntchito yabwino, chifukwa chake adagwira ntchito zaka zitatu ngati wopulumutsa anthu padziwe, kenako ngati woyang'anira pakhomo.
Pambuyo pake, George adayamba ntchito ku bank. Mu 1956, mnyamatayo adaganiza zopita ku New York kukafunafuna moyo wabwino.
Bizinesi
Soros adayamba ntchito yake ku New York pogula zachitetezo mdziko lina ndikuzigulitsa kumayiko ena. Komabe, ndalama zowonjezera zowonjezera ndalama zakunja zikalengezedwa ku United States, adasiya bizinesi iyi, chifukwa chosowa chiyembekezo.
M'zaka zotsatira za mbiri yake, George Soros adatsogolera kampani yofufuza zamalonda Arnhold ndi S. Bleichroeder. Mu 1969 adatenga Double Eagle Foundation, yomwe inali kampaniyo.
Pambuyo pazaka 4, mwamunayo adaganiza zosiya ntchito yake ngati manejala. Pambuyo pake, iye ndi Jim Rogers adatsegula thumba lotchedwa Quantum.
Quantum yachita zochitika zongopeka m'matangadza ndi ndalama, kufika patali kwambiri mderali. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti abwenziwo sanatayikepo, ndipo chuma cha a Soros chinafika $ 100 miliyoni pofika 1980!
Komabe, mkati mwa Lolemba Wakuda 1987, pomwe panali ngozi yayikulu kwambiri yamsika m'mbiri yapadziko lonse, George adaganiza zotseka maudindo ake ndikupanga ndalama. Pambuyo pazinthu zosapindulitsa za wazachuma, thumba lake lidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito posawonongeka.
Chaka chotsatira, a Soros adayamba kulumikizana ndi a Stanley Druckenmiller omwe anali olemera. Chifukwa cha khama la omaliza, adakwanitsa kuwonjezera likulu lake.
Tsiku losiyana mu mbiri ya George Soros linali pa Seputembara 16, 1992, pomwe mapaundi aku Britain adagwa motsutsana ndi mbiri yaku Germany. Mu tsiku limodzi, adaonjezera likulu lake ndi $ 1 biliyoni! Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ambiri amatcha a Soros omwe amayambitsa kugwa.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90, wogwirizirayo adayamba mgwirizano ndi oligarch waku Russia a Vladimir Potanin. Pamodzi, amunawa adagula 25% yachitetezo cha Svyazinvest, zomwe zidawononga $ 1.8 biliyoni! Komabe, pambuyo pamavuto a 1998, magawo awo atsika pafupifupi kawiri.
Zitachitika izi, a George Soros adayitanitsa mwayiwu kukhala ndalama zoyipa kwambiri m'moyo. Mu 2011, a Soros adalengeza poyera kuti ndalama zawo zogulitsa zasiya kugwira ntchito. Kuyambira pamenepo, adayamba kuchita zongowonjezera ndalama zokha.
Ndalama
George Soros Foundation, yotchedwa Open Society, idakhazikitsidwa ku 1979 ndi nthambi zomwe zikugwira ntchito m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti maziko ake a Soviet-American Cultural Initiative adagwira ntchito ku USSR.
Bungweli lidachita nawo chitukuko cha zikhalidwe, sayansi ndi maphunziro, koma lidatsekedwa chifukwa cha ziphuphu zambiri. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, a Soros Foundation adayika ndalama pafupifupi $ 100 miliyoni ku projekiti yaku Russia "University Internet Centers", komwe malo a intaneti adakhazikitsidwa m'masukulu ambiri.
Pambuyo pake, bungweli lidayamba kufalitsa magazini yopangira ophunzira aku sekondale. Kuphatikiza apo, mabuku ofotokoza mbiri yakale adayamba kufalitsidwa, omwe nthawi yomweyo adatsutsidwa mwankhanza chifukwa chosokoneza mbiri yakale.
Kumapeto kwa 2003, a George Soros adasiya kupereka chithandizo pazinthu zomwe amachita ku Russia, ndipo miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake, Open Society idasiya kupereka ndalama.
Mu 2015, a Soros Foundation adalengezedwa kuti ndi "bungwe losafunikira" ku Russia, chifukwa chake ntchito yawo idaletsedwa. Komabe, ntchito zachifundo zambiri za bilionea zikugwirabe ntchito mdziko muno lerolino.
Chikhalidwe
Kumayambiriro kwa 2018, chuma cha a Soros chimawerengedwa kuti ndi $ 8 biliyoni, pomwe adapereka $ 32 biliyoni ku maziko ake othandizira.
Akatswiri ena amafotokoza kuti George anali mneneri waluso wachuma, pomwe ena amati kupambana kwake kudakhala chifukwa chokhala ndi chidziwitso chamkati.
Soros ndiye mlembi wa chiphunzitso cha kusinkhasinkha kwa misika yamasheya, yomwe akuti adakwanitsa kuchita izi m'magulu azachuma. Kwa zaka zambiri za mbiri yake, adalemba ntchito zambiri zachuma, kugulitsa masheya komanso geopolitics.
Moyo waumwini
Mkazi woyamba wa bilionea anali Ennalisa Whitshack, yemwe adakhala naye zaka 23. Pambuyo pake, Soros adakwatirana ndi wotsutsa zojambulajambula Susan Weber. Ukwatiwu udatha pafupifupi zaka 22.
Pambuyo pa chisudzulo kuchokera kwa Weber, mwamunayo adayamba chibwenzi ndi wochita zakanema wa Adriana Ferreira, koma nkhaniyi sinabwere konse kuukwati. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti atasudzulana, Adriana adasuma mlandu, kufuna $ 50 miliyoni kuti alipire chipongwe ndi kuwonongeka kwamakhalidwe.
Mu 2013, George adatsikira kanjira kachitatu ndi Tamiko Bolton wazaka 42. Kuyambira maukwati awiri oyamba, wazachuma anali ndi mwana wamkazi, Andrea, ndi ana amuna anayi: Alexander, Jonathan, Gregory ndi Robert.
George Soros lero
Mu 2018, boma la Hungary lidavomereza ndalama za Stop Soros, malinga ndi momwe thumba lililonse lomwe limathandizira othawa kwawo limakhoma msonkho ku 25%. Zotsatira zake, Central European University yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi Soros idasamutsira gawo lalikulu lazomwe zachitika ku Austria yoyandikana nayo.
Malinga ndi zomwe zidafotokozedwa mu 2019, bilionea uja adapereka ndalama zachifundo pafupifupi $ 32 biliyoni.Mwamunayo ali ndi chidwi ndi ndale zapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo akupitilizabe kutenga nawo mbali pantchito zachifundo, zomwe zimabweretsa malingaliro osiyanasiyana pakati pa akatswiri ambiri.
Zithunzi za Soros
