Niccolo Paganini (1782-1840) - Wolemba zida zaku Italiya woimba nyimbo. Iye anali virtuoso wotchuka kwambiri pa nthawi yake, kusiya chizindikiro chake ngati imodzi mwazipilala zamayendedwe amakono oyimba zeze.
Pagini's biography pali zambiri zosangalatsa, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Niccolo Paganini.
Wambiri Paganini
Niccolo Paganini anabadwa pa October 27, 1782 mumzinda waku Nice waku Italy. Iye anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja lalikulu, kumene makolo ake anali wachitatu mwa ana asanu ndi mmodzi.
Abambo a woyimba zeze, a Antonio Paganini, ankagwira ntchito yonyamula, koma kenako adatsegula shopu yake. Amayi, Teresa Bocciardo, anali kuchita nawo kulera ana ndikuyendetsa banja.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Paganini adabadwa msanga ndipo anali mwana wodwala kwambiri komanso wofooka. Ali ndi zaka 5, abambo ake adazindikira luso lake lanyimbo. Zotsatira zake, mutu wabanja adayamba kuphunzitsa mwana wake wamwamuna kusewera mandolin, kenako vayolini.
Malinga ndi Niccolo, abambo ake nthawi zonse amafuna kuti awalangize komanso azimukonda kwambiri. Atachita cholakwika, Paganini Sr. adamulanga, zomwe zidakhudza thanzi la mnyamatayo.
Pasanapite nthawi, mwanayo adachita chidwi ndi vayolini. Pakadali pano mu mbiri yake, adayesa kupeza zolemba zosadziwika ndikudabwitsa omvera.
Moyang'aniridwa ndi Antonia Paganini, Niccolo adakhala maola ambiri patsiku akuyeserera. Posakhalitsa mnyamatayo anatumizidwa kukaphunzira ndi woyimba zeze Giovanni Cervetto.
Ndi nthawi, Paganini anali atapanga kale nyimbo zambiri, zomwe adachita mwaluso pa zeze. Ali ndi zaka 8 zokha, adapereka sonata yake. Patatha zaka 3, talente wachichepereyo amaitanidwa nthawi zonse kuti azikasewera m'matchalitchi akomweko.
Pambuyo pake, Giacomo Costa adakhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi akuphunzira za Niccolo, chifukwa chake woyimba zeze amaphunzira bwino chida chija.
Nyimbo
Paganini adapanga konsati yake yoyamba pagulu mchilimwe cha 1795. Ndi ndalama zomwe adapeza, abambo adakonza zotumiza mwana wawo wamwamuna ku Parma kuti akaphunzire ndi virtuoso wotchuka Alessandro Rolla. Marquis Gian Carlo di Negro atamumva akusewera, adamuthandiza mnyamatayo kuti akomane ndi Alessandro.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti tsiku lomwe bambo ndi mwana wawo adabwera ku Rolla, adakana kuwalandira, chifukwa samamva bwino. Pafupi ndi chipinda chodwala, Niccolo adawona konsati yolembedwa ndi Alessandro, ndi vayolini ili pafupi.
Paganini anatenga chida ndikuimba konsatiyo mosaphonya. Atamva kusewera kosangalatsa kwa mnyamatayo, Rolla adachita mantha kwambiri. Atasewera mpaka kumapeto, wodwalayo adavomereza kuti sangaphunzitsenso chilichonse.
Komabe, adalimbikitsa Niccolo kuti apite kwa Ferdinando Paer, yemwe adamuwuza Gaspare Giretti. Zotsatira zake, Giretti adathandizira Paganini kukonza masewera ake ndikukwaniritsa luso lina.
Panthawiyo, zolemba za Niccolo, mothandizidwa ndi wowongolera, zidapangidwa, pogwiritsa ntchito cholembera ndi inki yokha, "24 4-voice fugues".
Chakumapeto kwa 1796, woimbayo adabwerera kunyumba, komwe, atapemphedwa ndi Rodolphe Kreutzer, adachita zidutswa zovuta kwambiri kuwona. Woyimba zeze wotchuka adamvera Paganini mwachidwi, akuneneratu za kutchuka kwake padziko lonse lapansi.
Mu 1800 Niccolo adapereka zoimbaimba ziwiri ku Parma. Posakhalitsa, abambo a woyimba zeze adayamba kukonza zoimbaimba m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana yaku Italiya. Osati anthu okha omwe amamvetsetsa nyimbo anali ofunitsitsa kumvera Paganini, komanso anthu wamba, chifukwa chake kunalibe mipando yopanda kanthu pamakonsati ake.
Niccolo yasintha mwakhama masewera ake, pogwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe achilendo ndikuyesetsa kuti amve mawu molondola kwambiri. Woyimba zeze ankachita maola ambiri patsiku, osataya nthawi komanso khama.
Nthawi ina, tikumasewera, zingwe za ku Italy zidaduka, koma adapitilizabe kusewera ndi mpweya wosasunthika, zomwe zidawombera m'manja omvera. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti sizinali zatsopano kuti azisewera osati pa 3 yokha komanso pa 2, komanso pa chingwe chimodzi!
Panthawiyo, Niccolo Paganini adapanga ma caprices 24 osangalatsa omwe adasinthiratu nyimbo zanyimbo.
Dzanja la virtuoso lidakhudza njira zowuma za Locatelli, ndipo ntchitozo zidapeza mitundu yatsopano komanso yowala. Palibe woimba wina amene wakwanitsa kuchita izi. Aliyense wa ma capriccios 24 amveka bwino.
Pambuyo pake, Niccolò adaganiza zopitiliza kuyendera wopanda bambo ake, popeza sakanatha kupilira zovuta zake. Ataledzera ndi ufulu, amapita maulendo ataliatali, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kutchova juga komanso zochitika zachikondi.
Mu 1804, Paganini adabwerera ku Gennaya, komwe adapanga violin 12 ndi sonatas. Pambuyo pake, adabwereranso ku Duchy of Felice Baciocchi, komwe adagwira ntchito yoyimba piyano komanso woyimba piyano.
Kwa zaka 7, woimbayo adatumikira kukhothi, akusewera pamaso pa akuluakulu. Pofika nthawi ya mbiri yake, adafunadi kusintha zinthu, chifukwa chake adalimba mtima kuti atenge gawo limodzi.
Pofuna kuchotsa ukapolo wa olemekezeka, Niccolo adabwera ku konsatiyo atavala yunifolomu ya kapitawo, kukana mwamphamvu kusintha zovala zake. Pachifukwa ichi, adathamangitsidwa ndi Eliza Bonaparte, mlongo wake wamkulu wa Napoleon, kunyumba yachifumu.
Pambuyo pake, Paganini adakhazikika ku Milan. Ku Teatro alla Scala, adachita chidwi ndi kuvina kwa amatsenga kotero kuti adalemba imodzi mwa ntchito zake zodziwika bwino, The Witches. Anapitiliza kuyendera maiko osiyanasiyana, ndikupeza kutchuka.
Mu 1821, thanzi la virtuoso linafooka kwambiri kotero kuti sanathenso kuchita pa siteji. Chiro chake chinatengedwa ndi Shiro Borda, yemwe amatulutsa magazi kwa wodwalayo ndikupaka mafuta a mercury.
Niccolo Paganini nthawi imodzi anali kuzunzidwa ndi malungo, kutsokomola pafupipafupi, chifuwa chachikulu, rheumatism ndi kukokana kwamatumbo.
Popita nthawi, thanzi la mwamunayo lidayamba kuyenda bwino, chifukwa chake adapereka zoimbaimba zisanu ku Pavia ndipo adalemba pafupifupi ntchito khumi ndi ziwiri zatsopano. Kenako anapitanso kmaulendo m'maiko osiyanasiyana, koma tsopano matikiti amakonsati ake anali okwera mtengo kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha ichi, Paganini adakhala wachuma kwambiri kotero kuti adalandira mutu wa baron, womwe udalandiridwa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nthawi ina ku Masonic lodge ku Great East, woyimba zeze adayimba nyimbo yachi Masonic, wolemba wake anali iyemwini. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti ndondomeko za malo ogonawa zili ndi chitsimikizo kuti Paganini anali membala wake.
Moyo waumwini
Ngakhale kuti Niccolo sanali wokongola, ankasangalala ndi akazi. Ali mwana, anali ndi chibwenzi ndi Elise Bonaparte, yemwe adamubweretsa pafupi ndi khothi ndikumuthandiza.
Ndipamene Paganini adalemba ma caprices 24 odziwika bwino, akuwonetsa mwa iwo mphepo yamkuntho. Ntchito izi zimakondweretsabe omvera.
Atasiyana ndi Eliza, mnyamatayo adakumana ndi mwana wamkazi wa telala Angelina Kavanna, yemwe adabwera ku konsati yake. Achinyamata amakondana, pambuyo pake adapita ku Parma.
Patapita miyezi ingapo, mtsikanayo anatenga pakati, chifukwa chake Niccolo anaganiza zomutumiza ku Genoa kukachezera achibale. Atamva za pakati pa mwana wake wamkazi, abambo a Angelina adadzudzula woyimbayo kuti wasokoneza mwana wake wokondedwa ndikupereka mlandu.
Munthawi yamakhothi, Angelina adabereka mwana yemwe adamwalira posachedwa. Zotsatira zake, Paganini adalipira ndalama zomwe adaika kubanja la Cavanno ngati chindapusa.
Kenako virtuoso wazaka 34 adayamba chibwenzi ndi woyimba Antonia Bianchi, yemwe anali wocheperako zaka 12. Okonda nthawi zambiri amaberetsana, ndichifukwa chake chibwenzi chawo chinali chovuta kunena kuti ndi cholimba. Mgwirizanowu, mwana Achilles adabadwa.
Mu 1828 Niccolò aganiza zopatukana ndi Antonia, kupita ndi mwana wawo wamwamuna wazaka zitatu. Kuti apatse Achilles tsogolo labwino, woimbayo amapitiliza kuyendera, akufuna ndalama zambiri kuchokera kwa omwe akukonzekera.
Ngakhale anali paubwenzi ndi azimayi ambiri, Paganini adangophatikizidwa ndi Eleanor de Luca. Kwa moyo wake wonse, nthawi ndi nthawi ankayendera wokondedwa wake, yemwe anali wokonzeka kumulandira nthawi iliyonse.
Imfa
Makonsati osatha adawononga thanzi la Paganini. Ndipo ngakhale anali ndi ndalama zambiri, zomwe zimamulola kuti amuthandize ndi madokotala abwino kwambiri, sanathe kuchotsa matenda ake.
M'miyezi yomaliza ya moyo wake, mwamunayo sanathenso kuchoka panyumbapo. Miyendo yake idapweteka kwambiri, ndipo matenda ake samayankha mankhwala. Anali wofooka kwambiri moti samatha ngakhale kugwira uta. Zotsatira zake, pambali pake panali vayolini, zingwe zomwe amangolowa zala zake.
Niccolo Paganini anamwalira pa Meyi 27, 1840 ali ndi zaka 57. Anali ndi gulu lamtengo wapatali la ma violin a Stradivari, Guarneri ndi Amati.
Woyimbayo adapereka violin yomwe amamukonda kwambiri, ntchito za Guarneri, kupita kwawo ku Genoa, popeza sanafune kuti wina aliyense aziimba. Atamwalira virtuoso, vayolini iyi adatchedwa "Wamasiye wa Paganini".
Zithunzi za Paganini
