Euclid kapena Euclid (c. Katswiri woyamba masamu pasukulu yaku Alexandria.
M'ntchito yake yofunikira "Zoyambira" adalongosola za mapulani a mapulani, ma stereometry ndi lingaliro la manambala. Wolemba ntchito pa Optics, nyimbo ndi zakuthambo.
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Euclid, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Euclid.
Mbiri ya Euclid
Euclid adabadwa cha m'ma 325 BC. e., komabe, tsikuli ndilofunikira. Kumene anabadwira sikudziwikanso.
Olemba mbiri ya Euclid ena adati adabadwira ku Alexandria, pomwe ena ku Turo.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
M'malo mwake, palibe chomwe chimadziwika pazaka zoyambirira za moyo wa Euclid. Malinga ndi zomwe zidatsalira, adakhala zaka zambiri ku Damasiko.
Zimadziwika kuti Euclid adachokera kubanja lolemera. Izi ndichifukwa choti adaphunzira kusukulu ya Atene ku Plato, komwe kutali ndi anthu osauka amatha kuphunzira.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Euclid anali wodziwa bwino malingaliro anzeru a Plato, m'njira zambiri amagawana ziphunzitso za woganiza wotchuka.
Kwenikweni, tikudziwa za mbiri ya Euclid chifukwa cha ntchito za Proclus, ngakhale kuti adakhala pafupifupi zaka 8 mtsogolo kuposa katswiri wa masamu. Komanso zina kuchokera ku moyo wa Euclid zidapezeka m'mabuku a Pappa waku Alexandria ndi John Stobey.
Ngati mumakhulupirira zomwe asayansi aposachedwa, ndiye kuti Euclid anali munthu wokoma mtima, waulemu komanso wololera.
Popeza kuti zambiri zokhudza mwamunayo ndizochepa kwambiri, akatswiri ena amati "Euclid" ayenera kutanthauza gulu la asayansi aku Alexandria.
Masamu
Mu nthawi yake yopuma, Euclid ankakonda kuwerenga mabuku mu Laibulale yotchuka ya Alexandria. Anaphunzira masamu kwambiri ndikuwunikiranso zamajometri komanso malingaliro azinthu zopanda nzeru.
Posachedwa, Euclid afalitsa zomwe awona ndi zomwe wapeza mu ntchito yake yayikulu, Inception. Bukuli lathandizira kwambiri pakukweza masamu.
Inali ndi mavoliyumu 15, lililonse limayang'ana gawo lina la sayansi.
Wolemba adakambirana za ma parallelograms ndi ma triangles, omwe amaganiza kuti ndi mabwalo azungulira komanso malingaliro azofanana.
Komanso mu "Elements" chidwi chidaperekedwa kuchiphunzitso cha manambala. Adatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa ma primes, adafufuza manambala angwiro ndikuwona lingaliro ngati GCD - wogawana wamba wamba. Lero, kupeza wogawanayu kumatchedwa algorithm ya Euclid.
Kuphatikiza apo, m'bukuli wolemba adafotokoza zoyambira za stereometry, adapereka malingaliro a kuchuluka kwa ma cones ndi mapiramidi, osayiwala kutchula magawanidwe a madera ozungulira.
Ntchitoyi ili ndi chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri, maumboni ndi zotulukapo zomwe ambiri mwa olemba mbiri ya Euclid amakonda kukhulupirira kuti "Elements" zidalembedwa ndi gulu la anthu.
Akatswiri samapatula mwayi wopezeka m'bukuli asayansi monga Archytas of Tarentum, Eudoxus wa Cnidus, Theetetus waku Athens, Gipsicles, Isidore waku Mileto ndi ena.
Pazaka 2000 zotsatira, Startnings idakhala buku loyambirira la geometry.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zambiri mwazinthu zomwe zili m'bukuli sizomwe adazipeza, koma malingaliro omwe amadziwika kale. M'malo mwake, Euclid adangopanga mwaluso chidziwitso chomwe chimadziwika panthawiyo.
Kupatula Mfundo Zachikhalidwe, Euclid adasindikiza ntchito zina zingapo zokhudzana ndi kuwala, mayendedwe amitembo, ndi malamulo amakaniko. Iye ndiye mlembi wa ziwerengero zotchuka zomwe zimachitika mu geometry - otchedwa "zomangamanga za Euclidean".
Wasayansiyo anapanganso chida choyezera chingwe cha zingwe ndikuphunzira maubale apakati, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti apange zida zoyimbira.
Nzeru
Euclid adapanga lingaliro la Plato lazinthu 4, zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi 4 yokhazikika polyhedra:
- moto ndi tetrahedron;
- mpweya ndi octahedron;
- dziko ndi kyubu;
- madzi ndi icosahedron.
Potengera izi, "Chiyambi" titha kumvetsetsa ngati chiphunzitso choyambirira pakupanga "zolimba za Plato", ndiye kuti, polyhedra 5 wamba.
Umboni wa kuthekera kopanga matupi amenewa umatha ndikunena kuti kulibe matupi ena wamba, kupatula omwe aperekedwa 5.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti theorems ndi postulates ya Euclid amadziwika ndi zomwe zimayambitsa, zomwe zimathandizira kuwona mndandanda wazomveka za zomwe wolemba adalemba.
Moyo waumwini
Sitidziwa chilichonse chokhudza moyo wa Euclid. Malinga ndi nthano ina, Mfumu Ptolemy, yemwe ankafuna kuphunzira za masamu, anapempha katswiri wa masamu kuti amuthandize.
Mfumuyo idafunsa Euclid kuti amusonyeze njira yosavuta yodziwira, komwe woganiza adayankha kuti: "Palibe njira yachifumu yopita ku geometry." Zotsatira zake, mawu awa adakhala mapiko.
Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti Euclid adatsegula sukulu ya masamu payekha ku Library of Alexandria.
Palibe chithunzi chodalirika cha wasayansi chomwe chapulumuka mpaka lero. Pazifukwa izi, zojambula ndi zifanizo zonse za Euclid ndizongopeka chabe m'malingaliro a olemba awo.
Imfa
Olemba mbiri ya Euclid sangadziwe tsiku lenileni la imfa yake. Zimadziwika kuti katswiri wamasamu wamkulu adamwalira mu 265 BC.
Chithunzi cha Euclid
