Konstantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky (dzina lenileni Alekseev; 1863-1938) - Woyang'anira zisudzo waku Russia, wosewera, mphunzitsi, theorist, wokonzanso komanso wotsogolera zisudzo. Woyambitsa machitidwe otchuka, omwe akhala otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kwazaka zopitilira zana. Wojambula Woyamba wa USSR (1936).
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Stanislavsky, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Konstantin Stanislavsky.
Wambiri Stanislavsky
Konstantin Alekseev (Stanislavsky) adabadwa pa Januware 5 (17), 1863 ku Moscow. Anakulira m'banja lalikulu lolemera.
Bambo ake, Sergei A. anali olemera mafakitale. Amayi, Elizaveta Vasilevna, anali nawo kulera ana. Konstantin anali ndi abale ndi alongo 9.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Makolo a Stanislavsky anali ndi nyumba pafupi ndi Chipata Chofiira. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti palibe abale ake, kupatula m'modzi mwa agogo aakazi, anali ndi chochita ndi zisudzo.
Agogo a amayi a Constantine, a Var Varley, adasewera m'mbuyomu ngati wochita zisudzo pabwalo la Paris.
Mmodzi mwa agogo ake a Stanislavsky anali ndi fakitale ya gimp, ndipo winayo anali wamalonda wolemera. M'kupita kwa nthawi, bizinesi ya banja inatha m'manja mwa Bambo Konstantin.
Makolo anayesetsa kupereka ana awo kulera bwino ndi maphunziro. Ana amaphunzitsidwa nyimbo, kuvina, zilankhulo zakunja, kuchinga mpanda, komanso kuphunzitsanso kukonda mabuku.
Banja la Alekseev ngakhale linali ndi bwalo lamasewera momwe abwenzi ndi abale apamtima ankasewera. Pambuyo pake, mu malo a Lyubimovka, banjali lidamanga phiko la zisudzo, lomwe pambuyo pake linadzatchedwa "bwalo la Alekseyevsky".
Pamene Konstantin Stanislavsky anali atangotsala ndi zaka 4, adasewera koyamba mu imodzi mwamasewera abanja. Ndipo ngakhale mnyamatayo anali mwana wofooka kwambiri, pa siteji adachita bwino kwambiri.
Makolo amalimbikitsa mwana wawo kutenga nawo mbali pazinthu zoterezi, koma m'tsogolomu adamuwona yekha ngati mtsogoleri wa fakitale ya abambo ake.
Atamaliza maphunziro ake a pulayimale, Konstantin adakhala wophunzira pa sukulu yochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Institute of Oriental Languages, komwe adaphunzirira nthawi yonena za 1878-1881.
Atamaliza maphunziro awo, Stanislavsky adayamba kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi banja, komanso kutenga nawo mbali mu "Alekseevsky Circle". Iye sanangokhala pa siteji, komanso machitidwe.
Komanso, Konstantin anatenga pulasitiki ndi amapilira maphunziro aphunzitsi abwino.
Ngakhale amakonda kwambiri zisudzo, Stanislavsky adayang'anitsitsa bizinesi. Atakhala director wa fakitare, adapita kutsidya lina kuti akaphunzire bwino ndikukweza chitukuko.
Moscow Art Theatre ndi malangizo
Mu 1888, Stanislavsky, pamodzi ndi Komissarzhevsky ndi Sologub, adakhazikitsa Moscow Society of Art and Literature, charter yomwe adapanga payokha.
Kwa zaka 10 zomwe anthu achita, Konstantin Sergeevich adapanga anthu ambiri omveka bwino komanso osaiwalika, omwe akutenga nawo gawo pazokambirana za "The Arbitrators", "Dowry" ndi "The Fruits of Enlightenment".
Luso lochita za Stanislavsky linali lodziwikiratu kwa owonera wamba komanso otsutsa zisudzo.
Kuyambira 1891 Konstantin Stanislavsky, kuphatikiza pakuchita pa siteji, adayamba kuwongolera. Nthawi imeneyo mu mbiri yake, adachita zisudzo zambiri, kuphatikiza Othello, Ado About About, Myuda waku Poland, Usiku Wakhumi ndiwiri ndi ena.
Mu 1898 Stanislavsky anakumana ndi Nemirovich-Danchenko. Kwa maola 18, akatswiri a zisudzo adakambirana kuthekera koti atsegule Moscow Art Theatre.
Gulu loyamba la gulu lotchuka la Moscow Art Theatre linali ndi ophunzira a masters ndi omvera a Moscow Philharmonic.
Chiwonetsero choyamba, chomwe chidachitika mu zisudzo zatsopano, chinali Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich. Komabe, The Seagull, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa motengera ndi Anton Chekhov, idakhala chidwi chenicheni mdziko lapansi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pambuyo pake mawonekedwe a mbalame yam'madzi adzakhala chizindikiro cha bwaloli.
Pambuyo pake, Stanislavsky ndi anzawo adapitilizabe kugwira ntchito ndi Chekhov. Zotsatira zake, zisudzo monga "Amalume Vanya", "Alongo Atatu" ndi "The Cherry Orchard" zidawonetsedwa pasiteji.
Konstantin Stanislavsky anathera nthawi yochuluka kutsogolera, kuphunzitsa zisudzo, ongolankhula ndi chitukuko cha dongosolo lake. Malinga ndi dongosolo la Stanislavsky, wojambula aliyense amakakamizidwa kuti azolowere bwino ntchitoyi, osati kungosonyeza moyo ndi malingaliro a ngwazi wake.
Mu 1912, pa Moscow Art Theatre, wotsogolera anayamba kuphunzitsa ophunzira luso la zisudzo. Patatha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, adakhazikitsa situdiyo ya opera ku Bolshoi Theatre.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20, Konstantin Sergeevich ndi ojambula a Moscow Art Theatre adapita ku America. Nthawi yomweyo, adagwira ntchito yopanga ntchito yake yoyamba "My Life in Art", momwe amafotokozera dongosolo lake.
Pambuyo pa October Revolution ya 1917, kusintha kwakukulu kunachitika ku Russia. Komabe, Stanislavsky adapitilizabe kusangalala ndi ulemu waukulu pakati pa nthumwi za utsogoleri watsopano wadzikolo.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti Joseph Stalin mwiniwake adayendera mobwerezabwereza ku Moscow Art Theatre, atakhala m'bokosi lomwelo ndi Stanislavsky.
Moyo waumwini
Mkazi wa Konstantin Stanislavsky anali Ammayi Maria Lilina. Awiriwo adakhala limodzi mpaka kumwalira kwa director wamkulu.
Ana atatu adabadwa m'banjali. Mwana wamkazi Xenia anamwalira ndi chibayo ali wakhanda. Mwana wamkazi wachiwiri, Kira Alekseeva, mtsogolomo adakhala mutu wa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale za abambo ake.
Mwana wachitatu, mwana wamwamuna Igor, anakwatiwa ndi mdzukulu wa Leo Tolstoy. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti Stanislavsky nayenso anali ndi mwana wapathengo kuchokera kwa mtsikana wosauka Avdotya Kopylova.
Mnyamatayo analeredwa ndi bambo a mbuye wawo Sergei Alekseev, ndiko kuti, agogo ake. Zotsatira zake, adalandira dzina ndi dzina la agogo ake, kukhala Vladimir Sergeevich Sergeev.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mtsogolo Vladimir Sergeev adzakhala wolemba mbiri yakale wakale, pulofesa ku Moscow State University ndi Stalin Prize Laureate.
Imfa
Mu 1928, pamwambo wokumbukira usiku ku Moscow Art Theatre, Stanislavsky, yemwe anali kusewera pa siteji, anali ndi vuto la mtima. Pambuyo pake, madokotala anamuletsa kupita ku siteji.
Pankhaniyi, patatha chaka chimodzi, Konstantin Stanislavsky adayamba kuwongolera ndi kuphunzitsa.
Mu 1938, wotsogolera adasindikiza buku lina, The Work of a Actor on himself, lomwe lidasindikizidwa atamwalira wolemba.
Kwazaka pafupifupi 10, mwamunayo adalimbana ndi matendawa ndipo adakula ngakhale kuwawa. Konstantin Sergeevich Stanislavsky adamwalira pa Ogasiti 7, 1938 ku Moscow.
Lero dongosolo la Stanislavsky ndilodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Osewera ambiri odziwika, kuphatikiza nyenyezi zaku Hollywood, amaphunzitsidwa maluso ake.
Zithunzi za Stanislavsky
