Wotchedwa Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev - Katswiri wazachipembedzo wa Soviet ndi Russia, katswiri wazachikhalidwe, wotsutsa zaluso, Doctor of Philology, Pulofesa. Wapampando wa Board of the Russian (Soviet mpaka 1991) Cultural Foundation (1986-1993). Wolemba mabuku ofotokoza mbiri yakale ya zolemba zaku Russia.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya wotchedwa Dmitry Likhachev, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhani ino.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Dmitry Likhachev.
Wambiri wotchedwa Dmitry Likhachev
Wotchedwa Dmitry Likhachev anabadwa pa November 15 (28), 1906 ku St. Anakulira m'banja lanzeru lomwe limapeza ndalama zochepa.
Bambo philologist a, Sergei Mikhailovich, ntchito zamagetsi, ndi mayi ake, Vera Semyonovna - anali mayi wapabanja.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Ali wachinyamata, Dmitry adatsimikiza mtima kuti akufuna kulumikiza moyo wake ndi Chirasha ndi mabuku.
Pachifukwa ichi, Likhachev adalowa Leningrad University ku dipatimenti ya zamatsenga ya Faculty of Social Science.
Munthawi yamaphunziro ake ku yunivesite, wophunzirayo anali m'modzi mwa omwe anali mozungulira mobisa, komwe adaphunzirira mwakuya philology yakale ya Asilavo. Mu 1928, adagwidwa pamlandu wotsutsana ndi Soviet.
Khothi ku Soviet linapereka chigamulo chotengera Dmitry Likhachev kuzilumba zotchuka za Solovetsky, zomwe zili m'madzi a White Sea. Pambuyo pake adatumizidwa kumalo omanga a Belomorkanal, ndipo mu 1932 adamasulidwa nthawi isanakwane "kuti agwire bwino ntchito."
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi yomwe amakhala m'misasa sinaswe Likhachev. Atakumana ndi mayesero onsewa, adabwerera kwawo ku Leningrad kuti akamalize maphunziro ake apamwamba.
Komanso, wotchedwa Dmitry Likhachev akwaniritsa zikhulupiriro ziro, pambuyo pake adalowa mwamphamvu mu sayansi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti zaka za mbiri yake yomwe adakhala m'ndende zidamuthandiza m'maphunziro azachipembedzo.
Sayansi ndi zaluso
Kumayambiriro kwa Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) Dmitry Likhachev adazunguliridwa ndi Leningrad. Ndipo ngakhale amayenera kumenyera kupezeka tsiku lililonse, sanasiye kuphunzira zolemba zakale zaku Russia.
Mu 1942, philologist adasamutsidwa kupita ku Kazan, komwe anali akadali ndi zochitika zasayansi.
Posachedwapa asayansi Russian anafotokoza ntchito ya achinyamata Likhachev. Anazindikira kuti ntchito yake imafunika chisamaliro chapadera.
Pambuyo pake, anthu padziko lonse lapansi adamva za kafukufuku wa Dmitry Sergeevich. Anayamba kumutcha kuti katswiri wodziwika mu madera osiyanasiyana a philology ndi chikhalidwe cha ku Russia, kuyambira mabuku achisilavo mpaka zochitika zamakono.
Mwachiwonekere, pamaso pake, palibe amene anali atakwanitsa kuphunzira ndikufotokozera mosamala kwambiri za zaka 1000 zakubadwa zauzimu, komanso chikhalidwe cha Asilavo ndi Chirasha, pamlingo waukulu chonchi.
Wophunzirayo adasanthula kulumikizana kwawo kosasunthika ndi nsonga zapamwamba zadziko ndi chikhalidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, kwa nthawi yayitali adapeza ndikufalitsa magulu asayansi m'malo ofunikira kwambiri.
Wotchedwa Dmitry Likhachev anathandiza kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha ntchito yophunzitsa mu USSR. Kwa zaka zopitilira khumi, adayesetsa kufotokoza malingaliro ake ndi malingaliro ake pagulu.
M'nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Mikhail Gorbachev, m'badwo wa anthu udakulira pamapulogalamu ake omwe amafalitsidwa pa TV, omwe lero ndi a oimira gulu lanzeru la anthu.
Makanemawa anali kulumikizana kwaulere pakati pa owonetsa ndi omvera.
Mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake, Likhachev sanasiye kuchita nawo zolemba ndi kusindikiza, ndikuwongolera pazokha zida za asayansi achichepere.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti katswiri wa zamaphunziro nthawi zonse amayesetsa kuyankha makalata ambirimbiri omwe amamubweretsera kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana a kwawo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti anali ndi malingaliro olakwika pakuwonetsa kukonda dziko lako. Ali ndi mawu awa:
“Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kukonda dziko lako komanso kukonda dziko lako. Koyamba - kukonda dziko lanu, chachiwiri - kudana ndi wina aliyense.
Likhachev adasiyanitsidwa ndi anzawo ambiri molunjika komanso wofunitsitsa kufika pachowonadi. Mwachitsanzo, adatsutsa chiphunzitso chilichonse chokhudzana ndi chiwembu kuti amvetsetse zochitika zam'mbuyomu ndipo sanawone ngati cholondola kuzindikira kuti Russia ndi gawo laumesiya m'mbiri ya anthu.
Wotchedwa Dmitry Likhachev wakhala wokhulupirika kwa nzika Petersburg. Ankamupempha mobwerezabwereza kuti asamukire ku Moscow, koma nthawi zonse ankakana mwayi uliwonse.
Mwina izi zidachitika chifukwa cha Nyumba ya Pushkin, yomwe inkakhala Institute of Literature Russian, komwe Likhachev adagwira ntchito kwazaka zopitilira 60.
Kwa zaka zambiri za mbiri yake, wophunzitsayo adafalitsa pafupifupi 500 zautolankhani komanso zolemba za 600. Bwalo la zokonda zake zasayansi lidayamba ndikuphunzira kujambula kwazithunzi ndikumaliza ndikuphunzira za moyo wandende wa akaidi.
Moyo waumwini
Wotchedwa Dmitry Likhachev anali banja labwino lomwe limakhala moyo wanga wonse ndi mkazi m'modzi wotchedwa Zinaida Alexandrovna. Philologist adakumana ndi mkazi wake wamtsogolo mu 1932, pomwe adagwira ntchito yowerengera anthu ku Academy of Science.
Muukwatiwu, banjali linali ndi mapasa awiri - Lyudmila ndi Vera. Malinga ndi Likhachev yekha, kumvana ndi chikondi nthawi zonse pakati pa iye ndi mkazi wake.
Wasayansiyo sanakhale membala wa chipani cha Communist, komanso anakana kusaina makalata otsutsana ndi otchuka pachikhalidwe cha USSR. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, sanali wotsutsa, koma anayesera kupeza mgwirizano ndi boma la Soviet.
Imfa
M'dzinja la 1999, Dmitry Likhachev adalandiridwa ku chipatala cha Botkin, komwe posakhalitsa anachitidwa opaleshoni.
Komabe, khama la madokotala linali chabe. Wotchedwa Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev anamwalira pa September 30, 1999 ali ndi zaka 92. Zifukwa zakumwalira kwa wophunzirira anali ukalamba komanso mavuto am'mimba.
Pa moyo wake, wasayansi walandira mphoto zambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi kuzindikira padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, anali wokondedwa kwambiri ndi anthu, komanso m'modzi mwa olimbikitsa kwambiri pamakhalidwe ndi uzimu.
Chithunzi ndi Dmitry Likhachev
