Ziphuphu zimadziwika kuyambira kale. Ngakhale Theophrastus wamkulu, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi "bambo wa zomera", adalongosola mitundu iwiri ya ndere - rocella ndikukhala ndi nthawi. Kale m'nthawi imeneyo, anali kuwagwiritsa ntchito mwakhama popanga utoto ndi zinthu zonunkhira. Zowona, panthawiyo, ndere nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mosses, kapena algae, kapena "chisokonezo chachilengedwe."
Pambuyo pake, kwa nthawi yayitali, asayansi amayenera kugawa ziphuphu ngati mbewu zotsika, ndipo aposachedwa pano ndiomwe adasankhidwa ngati mtundu wina, womwe tsopano ukuposa 25840 oyimira osiyanasiyana. Chiwerengero chenicheni cha zamoyozi sichikudziwika pakadali pano, koma mitundu yatsopano ikuchulukirachulukira chaka chilichonse.
Asayansi akufufuza za ziphuphu, ndipo adatha kudziwa kuti zomera zotere zimatha kukhala m'malo okhala ndi acidic ndi zamchere. Chofunikanso kwambiri ndikuti ziphuphu zimatha kukhala masiku opitilira 15 opanda mpweya komanso kunja kwa mlengalenga.
1. Mitundu yonse ya ndere ndi mitundu yomwe imafanana ndi ndere, bowa, ndi cyanobacteria.
2. Ziphuphu zimapezeka m'malo a labotale. Kuti muchite izi, ingodutsani bowa woyenera wokhala ndi mabakiteriya ndi algae.
3. Liwu loti "ndere" limachitika chifukwa chofananira kwa zamoyozi ndi vuto lakhungu lotchedwa "ndere".
4. Kukula kwa mtundu uliwonse wa ndere ndikochepa: osakwana 1 cm pachaka. Ndere zomwe zimakula m'malo ozizira sizimakula kupitilira 3-5 mm pachaka.
5. Mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya bowa, ndere amapangidwa ndi pafupifupi 20%. Chiwerengero cha ndere zomwe zimayambitsanso ndi chochepa kwambiri. Oposa theka la ndere zonse zomwe zili ndi mtundu umodzi wa alga trebuxia.
6. Ndere zambiri zimakhala chakudya cha nyama. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kumpoto.
7. Ziphuphu zimatha kugwa popanda madzi, koma zikalandira madzi, zimayambanso kugwira ntchito. Zochitika zimawerengedwa kuti zimadziwika kuti zomera zoterezi zidayamba kukhalanso ndi moyo kwa zaka 42.
8. Monga momwe idakhazikitsidwira ndi akatswiri ofufuza zakale, ziphuphu zidayamba kuwoneka padzikoli kalekale ma dinosaurs oyamba asanakhaleko. Zakale zakale kwambiri zamtunduwu zinali zaka 415 miliyoni.
9. Njere zimakula pang'onopang'ono, koma zimakhala ndi moyo wautali. Amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka mazana ambiri ndipo nthawi zina zaka masauzande. Ndere ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zamoyo zazitali kwambiri.
10. Nderezo zilibe mizu, koma zimakhala zolimba mokwanira pa gawolo ndi timitengo tina tomwe tili pansi pa thallus.
11. Ziphuphu zimawerengedwa kuti ndi bioindicator. Amangokula m'malo oyera okhaokha, chifukwa chake simudzakumana nawo m'mizinda ikuluikulu komanso malo ogulitsa.
12. Pali mitundu ya ndere yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati utoto.
13. Polemekeza Purezidenti wa US 44 a Barack Obama, mtundu watsopano wa ndere udatchulidwa. Zinapezeka mu 2007 pakafukufuku wasayansi ku California. Zinali zomera zoyambirira padziko lapansi kupatsidwa dzina la purezidenti.
14. Asayansi atha kutsimikizira kuti ndere ili ndi ma amino acid omwe ndi ofunikira m'thupi la munthu.
15. Mankhwala a lichen amadziwika kuyambira kale. Kale ku Greece, adagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda am'mapapo.
16. Aigupto akale amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndere kudzaza matupi a mayi.
17. Mwa ziphuphu zonse zomwe zikukula m'chigawo chathu, pafupifupi mitundu 40 idaphatikizidwa mu Red Book.
18. Ndere ndi oyamba kukhazikika pamagawo osiyanasiyana ndikuyamba kupanga nthaka, ndikukhazikitsira njira zomera zina zonse.
19. Photosynthesis mu Alpine lichen siyima ngakhale kutentha kwa mpweya -5 ° C, ndipo zida za photosynthetic za thalli wawo wouma zimasungidwa popanda zosokoneza kutentha kwa 100 ° C.
20. Mwa mtundu wa zakudya, lichen amawerengedwa kuti ndi auto-heterotrophs. Amatha kusungira mphamvu za dzuwa nthawi imodzi ndikuwononga mchere ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe.
