Kazan Cathedral ndi amodzi mwa malo odziwika kwambiri ku St. Ndi yakachisi wamkulu kwambiri mumzinda ndipo ndi kapangidwe kakale kamangidwe kake. Mwa zipilala zomwe zinali kutsogolo kwa kachisi wa B.I. Orlovsky panali ziboliboli ziwiri - Kutuzov ndi Barclay de Tolly.
Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha Kazan Cathedral ku St.
Ntchito yomanga tchalitchichi idayamba m'zaka za zana la 19 ndipo idakhala zaka 10, kuyambira 1801 mpaka 1811. Ntchito idachitika pamalo obadwira a Kubadwa kwa Tchalitchi cha Theotokos. Wodziwika bwino panthawiyo A.N.Voronikhin anasankhidwa kukhala womanga nyumba. Zida zanyumba zokha ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita izi: miyala yamiyala, miyala yamiyala, nsangalabwi, mwala wa Pudost. Mu 1811, kudzipatulira kwa kachisi kudachitika. Patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, chithunzi cha Kazan cha Amayi a Mulungu, chotchuka pakupanga zozizwitsa, chidasamutsidwa kwa iye kuti chisungidwe bwino.
M'zaka za ulamuliro wa Soviet, zomwe zinali ndi malingaliro olakwika pa zachipembedzo, zinthu zambiri zamtengo wapatali (siliva, mafano, zinthu zamkati) zidachotsedwa mchalitchimo. Mu 1932, idatsekedwa kwathunthu ndipo sanachite chilichonse mpaka kugwa kwa USSR. Mu 2000, adapatsidwa udindo wa tchalitchi chachikulu, ndipo patatha zaka 8, mwambo wachiwiri wopatulira unachitika.
Kufotokozera mwachidule
Kachisiyu adamangidwa polemekeza chithunzi chozizwitsa cha Kazan cha Amayi a Mulungu, chomwe ndi kachisi wake wofunikira kwambiri. Wolemba ntchitoyi amatsata kalembedwe ka "Empire" kamangidwe kake, kutsanzira mipingo ya Ufumu wa Roma. N'zosadabwitsa kuti polowera ku Kazan Cathedral ili ndi khonde lokongola lopangidwa ngati mawonekedwe a bwalo laling'ono.
Nyumbayi idatambasula 72.5 m kuchokera West mpaka East ndi 57 m kuchokera North mpaka South. Idavala korona wokhala ndi dome yomwe ili pamtunda wa mamita 71.6 pamwamba panthaka. Gululi limathandizidwa ndi ma pilasters ndi ziboliboli zambiri. Kuchokera kumbali ya chiyembekezo cha Nevsky mumalandiridwa ndi ziboliboli za Alexander Nevsky, St. Vladimir, Andrew Woyamba Kutchedwa ndi Yohane M'batizi. Zithunzi zojambulidwa ndi moyo wa Amayi a Mulungu zili pamwamba pamitu yawo.
Pamaso pa kachisiyu pali zipilala zazitali zisanu ndi chimodzi zokhala ndi chithunzi cha "Diso Lopenya Lonse", chomwe chimakongoletsedwa ndi zopingasa zazing'ono. Gawo lonse lakumwambali limakongoletsedwa ndi chipinda chapamwamba kwambiri. Maonekedwe a nyumbayo amatengera mtanda wa Chilatini. Mbewu zazikuluzikulu zimamaliza chithunzi chonse.
Chipinda chachikulu cha tchalitchichi chidagawika m'magulu atatu (makonde) - mbali ndi pakati. Icho chikufanana ndi tchalitchi cha Roma mu mawonekedwe. Zipilala zazikulu za granite zimakhala ngati magawano. Kudenga kumakhala kopitilira 10 m kutalika ndikukongoletsedwa ndi rosettes. Alabaster idagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira kudalirika pantchitoyo. Pansi pake pamakhala ndi miyala yaimvi ya pinki. Gome ndi guwa lansembe ku Kazan Cathedral zili ndi madera a quartzite.
Katolika ili ndi mwala wamanda wa mkulu wotchuka Kutuzov. Ili lozunguliridwa ndi latisi yopangidwa ndi wamisiri yemweyo Voronikhin. Palinso mafungulo amizinda yomwe idagonjetsedwa ndi iye, ndodo za marshal ndi zikho zosiyanasiyana.
Ili kuti tchalitchi chachikulu
Zokopa izi mungazipeze pa adilesi iyi: St. Petersburg, pa Kazanskaya Square, nyumba nambala 2. Ili pafupi ndi Ngalande ya Griboyedov, mbali imodzi yazunguliridwa ndi Nevsky Prospekt, mbali inayo - ndi Voronikhinsky Square. Msewu wa Kazanskaya uli pafupi. Pakayenda mphindi 5 pali siteshoni ya metro "Gostiny Dvor". Maonekedwe osangalatsa kwambiri a tchalitchi chachikulu amatsegulidwa kuchokera mbali ya malo odyera a Terrace, kuchokera apa zikuwoneka ngati chithunzi.
Zomwe zili mkati
Kuphatikiza pa kachisi wamkulu wamzindawu (Kazan Icon ya Amayi a Mulungu), palinso ntchito zambiri za ojambula odziwika azaka za 18-19. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- SERGEY Bessonov;
- Lavrenty Bruni;
- Karl Bryullov;
- Petr Basin;
- Vasily Shebuev;
- Grigory Ugryumov.
Aliyense wa ojambulawa adathandizira kujambula miyala ndi makoma. Adatenga ntchito ya anzawo aku Italiya ngati maziko. Zithunzi zonse zili munjira zamaphunziro. Chithunzi "Kutengera Namwali kupita Kumwamba" chinawala bwino kwambiri. Chosangalatsa ku Kazan Cathedral ndi iconostasis yatsopano, yokongoletsedwa bwino ndi kukongoletsa.
Malangizo othandiza kwa alendo
Nazi zomwe muyenera kudziwa:
- Mitengo yamatikiti - polowera ku tchalitchi chachikulu ndiulere.
- Ntchito zimachitika tsiku lililonse.
- Maola otsegulira amakhala mkati mwa sabata kuyambira 8:30 m'mawa mpaka kumapeto kwa msonkhano wamadzulo, womwe umagwera 20:00. Amatsegulira ola limodzi koyambirira kwa Loweruka mpaka Lamlungu.
- Pali mwayi wolamula mwambo waukwati, ubatizo, panikhida ndi mapemphero.
- Tsiku lonse, pali wansembe wogwira ntchito ku tchalitchi chachikulu, yemwe amatha kulumikizidwa pazovuta zonse.
- Amayi ayenera kuvala siketi pansi pa bondo komanso chovala mpango kumutu kwa akachisi. Zodzoladzola sizilandiridwa.
- Mutha kutenga chithunzi, koma osati nthawi yautumiki.
Pali maulendo am'magulu komanso amtundu uliwonse kuzungulira tchalitchi chachikulu tsiku lililonse, mphindi 30-60. Pazopereka, zitha kuchitidwa ndi ogwira ntchito pakachisi, palibe dongosolo lenileni pano. Pulogalamuyi imaphatikizapo kudziwa mbiri ya kachisi, kuyang'anira akachisi ake, zotsalira zake ndi zomangamanga. Pakadali pano, alendo sayenera kuyankhula mokweza, kusokoneza ena ndikukhala pamabenchi. Kusiyanitsa ku Kazan Cathedral kumapangidwira okalamba okha ndi anthu olumala.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwone Cathedral ya Hagia Sophia.
Dongosolo lazantchito: liturgy yam'mawa - 7:00, mochedwa - 10:00, madzulo - 18:00.
Zosangalatsa
Mbiri ya kachisiyo ndi yolemera kwambiri! Tchalitchi chakale, chiwonongeko chomwe Kazan Cathedral yatsopano idamangidwa, chinali malo azinthu zazikulu ku Russia:
- 1739 - Ukwati wa Kalonga Anton Ulrich ndi Mfumukazi Anna Leopoldovna.
- 1741 - wamkulu Catherine II adapereka mtima wake kwa Emperor Peter III.
- 1773 - Ukwati wa Mfumukazi ya Hesse-Darmstadt ndi Paul I.
- 1811 - kubwerera kwa lumbiro lankhondo kwa Catherine II.
- 1813 - wamkulu wamkulu M. Kutuzov adayikidwa mu tchalitchi chachikulu. Zikho ndi mafungulo ochokera m'mizinda yomwe idagonjetsedwa amasungidwa pano.
- 1893 - wolemba nyimbo wamkulu Pyotr Tchaikovsky adachitikira ku Kazan Cathedral.
- 1917 - chisankho choyambirira komanso chokhacho cha bishopu wolamulira chidachitika pano. Kenako Bishop Benjamin wa Gdovsky adapambana.
- Mu 1921, guwa lansembe lakumapeto kwa dzinja la Martyr Woyera Hermogenes lidapatulidwa.
Tchalitchichi chakhala chotchuka kwambiri mwakuti pali ndalama zokwana 25-ruble zomwe zimazunguliridwa ndi chithunzi chake. Inaperekedwa mu 2011 ndi Bank of Russia ndikusindikiza zidutswa 1,500. Golide wapamwamba kwambiri, 925, adagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kachisi wamkulu wa tchalitchi chachikulu - chithunzi cha Amayi a Mulungu. Mu 1579, moto waukulu udayambika ku Kazan, koma moto sunakhudze chithunzicho, ndipo udakhalabe pansi pamulu wa phulusa. Patatha milungu iwiri, Amayi a Mulungu adawonekera kwa mtsikanayo Matrona Onuchina ndikumuuza kuti akumbe chithunzi chake. Sizikudziwika ngati ili ndi buku kapena choyambirira.
Mphekesera zikuti mu Revolution ya Okutobala, a Bolsheviks adalanda chithunzi choyambirira cha Namwali ku Kazan Cathedral, ndipo mndandandawo udalembedwa m'zaka za zana la 19 zokha. Ngakhale izi, zozizwitsa pafupi ndi chithunzi zimapitilizabe kuchitika nthawi ndi nthawi.
Kazan Cathedral ndiwofunika kwambiri ku St. Petersburg, zomwe ndizosatheka kupeza zofanana. Ndizovomerezeka kuti ziphatikizidwe munjira zambiri zopitilira ku St. Petersburg, zomwe pachaka zimadutsa alendo zikwizikwi ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Ndi malo ofunikira pachikhalidwe, zachipembedzo komanso zomangamanga ku Russia.
