Buku lolembedwa ndi Mikhail Alexandrovich Bulgakov (1891 - 1940) "The Master and Margarita" lidasindikizidwa koyamba kotala la zana atamwalira wolemba, mu 1966. Ntchitoyi idayamba kutchuka nthawi yomweyo - patapita nthawi idatchedwa "Bible of the Sixties". Atsikana akuwerenga nkhani yachikondi ya Master ndi Margarita. Anthu omwe anali ndi malingaliro anzeru adatsata zokambirana pakati pa Pontiyo Pilato ndi Yeshua. Otsatira a mabuku osangalatsa adaseka a Muscovites omwe anali opanda mwayi, omwe adasokonezedwa ndi vuto la nyumba, omwe adayikidwapo mobwerezabwereza m'malo opusa a Woland ndi gulu lake.
Master ndi Margarita ndi buku losasinthika, ngakhale akatswiri olemba zamaphunziro adalumikiza izi ndi 1929. Monga momwe zochitika zaku Moscow zitha kusunthidwira theka la zana kumbuyo kapena kupitilira ndi kusintha pang'ono, momwemonso zokambirana pakati pa Pontiyo Pilato ndi Yeshua zikadatha kuchitika theka la mileniamu kale kapena mtsogolo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake bukuli limayandikira kwa anthu azaka zonse komanso azikhalidwe.
Bulgakov anavutika kudzera mu buku lake. Anagwira ntchitoyo kwa zaka zopitilira 10, ndipo analibe nthawi, atamaliza chiwembucho, kuti amalize lembalo. Izi zimayenera kuchitidwa ndi mkazi wake Elena Sergeevna, yemwe anali ndi mwayi wopitilira mwamuna wake - adakhala moyo mpaka kuwona kufalitsa kwa The Master ndi Margarita. E. Bulgakova adakwaniritsa lonjezo lake kwa mwamuna wake ndipo adalemba buku. Koma kulemedwa kwamaganizidwe ake kunali kolemetsa ngakhale kwa mayi wolimbikira - osakwana zaka zitatu kuchokera pomwe buku loyamba, a Elena Sergeevna, omwe anali ngati prototype ya Margarita, adamwalira ndi matenda amtima.
1. Ngakhale kuti ntchito yolemba inayamba mu 1928 kapena 1929, kwa nthawi yoyamba Mikhail Bulgakov adawerengetsa "The Master and Margarita" kwa abwenzi ake mu mtundu womwe uli pafupi kwambiri ndi womwe udafalitsidwa pa Epulo 27, Meyi 2 ndi 14, 1939. Anthu 10 analipo: mkazi wa wolemba Elena ndi mwana wake wamwamuna Yevgeny, wamkulu wa gawo la zolemba za Moscow Art Theatre Pavel Markov ndi wantchito wake Vitaly Vilenkin, wojambula Pyotr Williams ndi mkazi wake, Olga Bokshanskaya (mlongo wa Elena Bulgakova) ndi mwamuna wake, wosewera Yevgeny Kaluzhsky, komanso wolemba masewero Alexey Faiko ndi mkazi wake. Ndizodziwika kuti m'makumbukiro awo kungowerengedwa gawo lomaliza, lomwe lidachitika pakati pa Meyi. Omvera onse mogwirizana adati ndizosatheka kudalira kufalitsa bukuli - ndizowopsa ngakhale kungozipereka kuti zitsimikizidwe. Komabe, wotsutsa komanso wofalitsa wodziwika N. Angarsky adalankhula za izi kumbuyo mu 1938, atangomva mitu itatu yokha ya ntchito yamtsogolo.
2. Wolemba Dmitry Bykov adazindikira kuti Moscow mu 1938-1939 idakhala malo owerengera atatu odziwika mwakamodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, m'mabuku onse atatu, Moscow si malo okhazikika pomwe izi zikuchitika. Mzindawu umakhala munthu wowonjezera m'bukuli. Ndipo m'ntchito zonse zitatuzi, oimira magulu ankhondo ena adzafika likulu la Soviet Union. Uyu ndi Woland mu The Master ndi Margarita. Mikhail Bulgakov, geni Hasan Abdurakhman ibn-Khatab m'nthano ya Lazar Lagin "The Old Man Hottabych", ndi mngelo Dymkov kuchokera pantchito yayikulu ya Leonid Leonov "Pyramid". Alendo onse atatu adachita bwino pantchito yowonetsa nthawi imeneyo: Woland adasewera payekha, Hottabych ndi Dymkov ankagwira ntchito pamasewera. Ndizophiphiritsira kuti mdierekezi ndi mngelo achoka ku Moscow, koma genie adakhazikika mu likulu la Soviet.
3. Olemba mabuku amawerengera mpaka The 8 ndi The Master ndi Margarita. Anasintha dzina, mayina a anthu otchulidwawo, mbali zina za chiwembucho, nthawi yochitirako ndipo ngakhale kalembedwe kofotokozera - kope loyambirira limachitika mwa munthu woyamba. Ntchito yomasulira yachisanu ndi chitatu idapitilirabe mpaka wolemba atamwalira mu 1940 - Mikhail Bulgakov adasintha komaliza pa February 13. Palinso mitundu itatu yamabuku omalizidwa. Amadziwika ndi mayina a omwe amapanga akazi: "Wosinthidwa ndi E. Bulgakova", "Wosinthidwa ndi Lydia Yanovskaya", "Wosinthidwa ndi Anna Sahakyants". Bungwe lowongolera la mkazi wa wolemba adzatha kudzipatula padera okha omwe ali ndi zolemba zawo m'ma 1960 m'manja; ndizovuta kuzipeza pa intaneti. Inde, ndipo zolemba za magaziniyo ndizosakwanira - Elena Sergeevna adavomereza kuti pokambirana muofesi ya "Moscow" adavomereza kuwongolera kulikonse, ngati bukuli lingasindikizidwe. Anna Sahakyants, yemwe anali kukonzekera buku lathunthu mu 1973, adanenanso mobwerezabwereza kuti Elena Sergeevna adapanga zambiri zomwe adalemba, zomwe owerenga amayenera kuyeretsa (E. Bulgakova adamwalira mu 1970). Ndipo olemba a Sahakyants komanso Lydia Yanovskaya amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mawu oyamba m'bukuli. A Sahakyants adapeza "nzika ziwiri" ku Madzi a Patriarch, ndipo Yanovskaya adapeza "nzika ziwiri".
4. Buku la "The Master and Margarita" lidasindikizidwa koyamba m'magazini awiri azolemba "Moscow", ndipo izi sizinali zotsatizana. Gawo loyambirira lidasindikizidwa mu No. 11 ya 1966, ndipo yachiwiri - ya No. 1 ya 1967. Mpatawo udafotokozedwa mophweka - magazini olemba ku USSR adagawidwa mwa kulembetsa, ndipo adatulutsidwa mu Disembala. Gawo loyambirira la "The Master and Margarita", lofalitsidwa mu Novembala ndi kulengeza gawo lachiwiri mu Januware, linali lotsatsa lalikulu, lomwe lidakopa anthu masauzande ambiri olembetsa. Mtundu wa wolemba m'magaziniyi udasinthidwa kwambiri - pafupifupi 12% yamalemba achepetsedwa. Malingaliro a Woland onena za Muscovites ("nkhani yanyumba yawasokoneza ..."), chidwi cha Natasha kwa mbuye wake komanso "maliseche" onse kuchokera pakufotokozera mpira wa Woland adachotsedwa. Mu 1967, bukuli lidasindikizidwa kawiri konse: ku Estonia m'nyumba yosindikiza ya Eesti Raamat komanso Chirasha ku Paris ku YMKA-Press.
5. Mutu "The Master ndi Margarita" udayamba kuwonekera atangotsala pang'ono kumaliza bukuli, mu Okutobala 1937. Sikunali kokha kusankha dzina lokongola, kusintha koteroko kunatanthauza kuganiziranso za lingaliro lomwe la ntchitoyi. Malinga ndi maudindo am'mbuyomu - "Injini Yaukatswiri", "Wamatsenga Wakuda", "Wophunzitsa Zaumulungu Wakuda", "Satana", "Wamatsenga Wamkulu", "Horseshoe Wachilendo" - zikuwonekeratu kuti bukuli limayenera kukhala nkhani yokhudza zochitika za Woland ku Moscow. Komabe, pantchito yake, M. Bulgakov anasintha malingaliro ake ndikuwonetsa ntchito za Master ndi wokondedwa wake.
6. Kubwerera kuchiyambi kwa ma 1970, mphekesera yomwe inali yopusa ndi chikhalidwe chake idawonekera, yomwe, komabe, ikupitilizabe mpaka pano. Malinga ndi nthano iyi, Ilya Ilf ndi Yevgeny Petrov, atamvera The Master ndi Margarita, adalonjeza Bulgakov kuti adzalemba bukuli ngati atachotsa machaputala "akale", ndikungochoka ku Moscow. Olemba (kapena olemba) akumva sanakwane kwenikweni pakuwunika kwawo kwa kulemera kwa olemba "mipando 12" ndi "Ng'ombe Wagolide" mdziko lolemba. Ilf ndi Petrov ankagwira ntchito yokhazikika ngati ma feuilletonists a Pravda, ndipo chifukwa chazotengera zawo nthawi zambiri amalandila ma cuffs m'malo mwa mkate wa ginger. Nthawi zina amalephera kufalitsa feuilleton yawo popanda kudulidwa kapena kuwongola.
7. Pa Epulo 24, 1935, phwando lidachitika ku Embassy yaku America ku Moscow, yomwe sinafanane ndi mbiri yakukambirana kwa America ku Russia ndi Soviet Union. Kazembe watsopano waku US, a William Bullitt, adakwanitsa kuchita chidwi ndi Moscow. Nyumba za akazembe zidakongoletsedwa ndi mitengo yamoyo, maluwa ndi nyama. Zakudya ndi nyimbo sizinayamikiridwe. Phwando linali ndi anthu onse apamwamba a Soviet, kupatula I. Stalin. Ndi dzanja lowala la E. Bulgakova, yemwe adalongosola maluso mwatsatanetsatane, zimawerengedwa ngati chochitika chofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri ya The Master ndi Margarita. A Bulgakov adayitanidwa - Mikhail Alexandrovich ankadziwa bwino Bullitt. Ndinayenera kugula suti yakuda ndi nsapato mu Torgsin yomweyo, yomwe idzawonongedwa pambuyo pake. Luso la Elena Sergeevna lidadabwitsidwa ndi kapangidwe ka phwando, ndipo sanadandaule ndi mitundu yomwe amafotokozera. Kunapezeka kuti Bulgakov sanayenera kulota kuti anene za gulu la mpira ku Satana - adalongosola momwe zinthu ziliri mkati mwa akazembe ndi alendo, ndikuwapatsa mayina osiyanasiyana. Ofufuza ena a Bulgakov adapitilira apo - odana Boris Sokolov adang'amba zokutira zonse, ngakhale omwe adafotokozedwa mwachangu nawo omwe adatenga nawo mbali mu mpirawo, ndikuwapeza ngati otsogola mu gulu la Soviet. Zachidziwikire, popanga chithunzi cha mpirawo, Bulgakov adagwiritsa ntchito zipinda zamkati mwa Spaso-House (monga nyumba ya kazembe amatchedwa). Komabe, ndichopusa kuganiza kuti m'modzi mwa akatswiri ojambula kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi sakanatha kulemba za nyama yowuma pamakala kapena zamkati mwa nyumba yachifumu osapezekapo paphwando lodziwika bwino. Luso la Bulgakov lidamulola kuti awone zochitika zomwe zidachitika zaka masauzande zapitazo, osatinso za phwando lamadzulo.
8. Posankha dzina la bungwe la olemba, Bulgakov adapulumutsa olemba a ku Moscow. Kutha kupanga pamenepo, chifukwa cha kufupika kwa mawu, zidule zomwe sizingaganizidwe zidaseketsa komanso kukwiyitsa wolemba. M'mawu ake onena za Cuffs, alemba za mawu omwe adawona pasiteshoni ya sitima "Duvlam!" - "Tsiku lokumbukira makumi awiri la Vladimir Mayakovsky". Amati ayitane bungwe la olemba "Vsedrupis" (General Friendship of Writers), "Vsemiopis" (World Society of Writers) komanso "Vsemiopil" (World Association of Writers and Writers). Chifukwa chake dzina lomaliza Massolit (mwina "Mass Literature" kapena "Moscow Association of Writers") likuwoneka ngati osalowerera ndale. Momwemonso, dacha wokhala wolemba Peredelkino Bulgakov amafuna kutcha "Peredrakino" kapena "Dudkino", koma adangodzitchingira "Perelygino", ngakhale imachokera ku mawu oti "Wabodza".
9. A Muscovites ambiri omwe amawerenga "The Master and Margarita" kale mzaka za 1970 adakumbukira kuti kunalibe mizere yama tram pamalo pomwe Berlioz adadulidwa mutu pazaka za bukuli. Sizingatheke kuti Bulgakov sanadziwe za izi. Mwachidziwikire, adapha Berlioz mwadala ndi tram chifukwa chodana ndi mayendedwe amtunduwu. Kwa nthawi yayitali Mikhail Aleksandrovich amakhala pamalo okwerera ma tramu, akumvetsera zonse zomveka za kuyenda ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, mzaka zija ma tramu anali kukulirakulira, mayendedwe anali kusintha, njanji zimayikidwa kwinakwake, kusinthana kunkakonzedwa, ndipo ma trams anali odzaza, ndipoulendo uliwonse umasandutsidwa chizunzo.
10. Pofufuza zolemba za bukuli ndi zolemba zoyambirira za M. Bulgakov, titha kuzindikira kuti Margarita anali mdzukulu wamkazi wa Mfumukazi Margot yemweyo, yemwe Alexander Dumas adalemba buku lake lomweli. Koroviev poyamba amatcha Margarita "mfumukazi yowala ya Margot", kenako ndikuwonetsa agogo ake a agogo aakazi komanso ukwati wina wamagazi. Marguerite de Valois, yemwe anali Mfumukazi Margot, m'moyo wake wautali komanso wokondwerera ndi amuna, adakwatirana kamodzi - ndi Henry waku Navarse. Ukwati wawo wapadera ku Paris mu 1572, womwe udasonkhanitsa olemekezeka onse aku France, udatha mu kuphedwa, komwe kudatchedwa Usiku wa St. Bartholomew ndi "ukwati wamagazi." Kutsimikizira mawu a Koroviev ndi chiwanda cha imfa Abadon, yemwe anali ku Paris usiku wa St. Bartholomew. Koma ndipamene nthanoyo imathera - Marguerite de Valois analibe mwana.
11. Masewera a chess a Woland ndi Behemoth, omwe adasokonezedwa ndikubwera kwa Margarita, anali, monga mukudziwa, adasewera ndi zidutswa zamoyo. Bulgakov anali wokonda chess zimakupiza. Sikuti adangosewera yekha, komanso anali ndi chidwi ndi masewera ndi zokometsera za chess. Kulongosola kwa masewera a chess pakati pa Mikhail Botvinnik ndi Nikolai Ryumin sikungadutse pambali pake (ndipo mwina adadzionera yekha). Kenako osewera a chess adasewera masewera ndi zidutswa zamoyo ngati gawo la Mpikisano waku Moscow. Botvinnik, yemwe adasewera wakuda, adapambana paulendo wa 36.
12. Ngwazi za buku la "The Master and Margarita" zikuchoka ku Moscow pa Vorobyovy Gory osati chifukwa chokha choti malo apamwamba kwambiri amzindawu alipo. Cathedral of Christ the Saviour adapangidwa kuti amangidwe pamapiri a Vorobyovy. Kale mu 1815, ntchito yomanga kachisi polemekeza Khristu Mpulumutsi komanso kupambana kwa gulu lankhondo laku Russia mu Patriotic War idavomerezedwa ndi Alexander I. Wopanga mapulani wachichepere Karl Vitberg adakonza zomanga kachisi wokwera mita 170 kuchokera pansi, ndi masitepe akulu mita 160 mulifupi ndi dome lokhala ndi mamitala 90 m'mimba mwake. Vitberg anasankha malo abwino - kutsetsereka kwa mapiri pafupi ndi mtsinjewu kuposa momwe nyumba yayikulu ya Moscow State University iliri pano. Ndiye inali tawuni ya Moscow, yomwe ili pakati pa msewu wa Smolensk, pomwe Napoleon adafika ku Moscow, ndi Kaluga, pomwe adabwerera modabwitsa. Pa Okutobala 24, 1817, mwala woyambira kachisi udachitika. Mwambowu unachitikira ndi anthu 400,000. Kalanga, Karl, yemwe adadzilowetsa ku Alexander panthawi yomanga, sanazindikire kufooka kwa dothi lakomweko. Anamuneneza za kuba ndalama, kumanga kunayimitsidwa, ndi Cathedral of Christ the Saviour inamangidwa ku Volkhonka. Pakalibe kachisiyo ndi womuyang'anira, Satana adatenga malo ake pa Sparrow Hills m'buku la The Master ndi Margarita.
13. Nsanja yayitali pamwamba pa phiri, pomwe Pontiyo Pilato amakhala pampando wapafupi pafupi ndi chithaphwi chosayanika kumapeto kwa bukuli, ili ku Switzerland. Pafupi ndi mzinda wa Lucerne kuli phiri lalitali kwambiri lotchedwa Pilato. Amatha kuwonedwa m'modzi mwamakanema a James Bond - pali malo odyera ozungulira pamwamba pa phiri lokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa. Manda a Pontiyo Pilato ali kwinakwake pafupi. Ngakhale, mwina, a Bulgakov adakopeka chabe ndi matchulidwe - "pilleatus" m'Chilatini "chipewa chomverera", ndipo Phiri la Pilato, lozunguliridwa ndi mitambo, nthawi zambiri limawoneka ngati chipewa.
14. Bulgakov adalongosola molondola malo omwe The Master ndi Margarita amachitikira. Chifukwa chake, ofufuzawo adatha kuzindikira nyumba zambiri, nyumba, mabungwe ndi nyumba. Mwachitsanzo, Nyumba ya Griboyedov, yomwe adawotchedwa ndi Bulgakov pamapeto pake, ndiye amatchedwa. House of Herzen (wosintha moto waku London adabadwiramo). Kuyambira 1934, imadziwika kuti Central House of Writers.
15. Nyumba zitatu zimakwanira ndipo sizikhala zokwanira nthawi yomweyo pansi pa nyumba ya Margarita. Nyumba yayikulu ku 17 Spiridonovka ikugwirizana ndi malongosoledwe, koma siyokwanira malo. Nyumba nambala 12 mu Vlasyevsky kanjira ili pamalo oyenera, koma malinga ndi malongosoledwe ake, si nyumba ya Margarita konse. Pomaliza, kutali kwambiri, ku 21 Ostozhenka, pali nyumba yomwe amakhala m'nyumba za kazembe wa mayiko ena achiarabu. Ndizofanana ndikulongosola, osati patali kwambiri, koma palibe, ndipo sichinakhalepo, munda wofotokozedwa ndi Bulgakov.
16. M'malo mwake, nyumba zosachepera ziwiri ndizoyenera kukhala Master. Mwini woyamba (9 Mansurovsky lane), wosewera Sergei Topleninov, atangomva malongosoledwewo, adazindikira zipinda zake ziwiri m'chipinda chapansi. Pavel Popov ndi mkazi wake Anna, mdzukulu wa Leo Tolstoy, abwenzi a Bulgakovs, amakhalanso m'nyumba m'nyumba nambala 9 komanso mchipinda chamkati chamkati, koma ku Plotnikovsky lane.
17. Nyumba No. 50 m'bukuli imadziwika kuti ili munyumba No. 302-bis. Mu moyo weniweni, a Bulgakov ankakhala m'nyumba nambala 50 pa 10 Bolshaya Sadovaya Street. Malinga ndi malongosoledwe a nyumbayi, zimagwirizana ndendende, ndi Mikhail Alexandrovich yekha amene adalemba kuti palibe chipinda chachisanu ndi chimodzi. Nyumba ya 50 tsopano ili ndi Bulgakov House Museum.
18. Torgsin ("Kugulitsa ndi Alendo") ndiye adalowetsapo malo odziwika bwino a "Smolensk" kapena Gastronome # 2 (Gastronome # 1 anali "Eliseevsky"). Torgsin idakhalapo kwa zaka zochepa chabe - golide ndi zodzikongoletsera, zomwe nzika zaku Soviet zitha kugula kudzera pamakoni amtundu ku Torgsin, zatha, ndipo mashopu ena adatsegulidwa akunja. Komabe, "Smolenskiy" idasunga chizindikirocho kwa nthawi yayitali pamtundu wazogulitsa komanso mulingo wothandizira.
19. Kufalitsa kwa nkhani yonse ya buku la "The Master and Margarita" ku Soviet Union ndi kunja kunathandizidwa kwambiri ndi Konstantin Simonov. Kwa mkazi wa Bulgakov, Simonov anali mawonekedwe a Union of Writers omwe adamenya Mikhail Alexandrovich - wachinyamata, mwachangu adachita ntchito, mlembi wa Union of Writers of the USSR omwe adalowa m'makonde amphamvu. Elena anangomuda. Komabe, Simonov anachita ndi mphamvu kotero kuti kenako Elena Sergeevna adavomereza kuti tsopano amamukonda ndi chikondi chomwecho chomwe ankakonda kumuda nacho.
20.Kutulutsidwa kwa The Master ndi Margarita kunatsatiridwa ndikutulutsa kofalitsa kwakunja. Pachikhalidwe, nyumba zosindikizira za emigre anali oyamba kugwedezeka. Pambuyo pa miyezi ingapo, ofalitsa akumaloko adayamba kufalitsa matanthauzidwe amtunduwu m'zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana. Zolemba zawo zaumwini zaku Soviet Union kumapeto kwa zaka za 1960 ndi koyambirira kwa ma 1970 zidakumana ndi malingaliro ozizira kwambiri ku Europe. Chifukwa chake, matanthauzidwe atatu achi Italiya kapena awiri aku Turkey akhoza kutulutsidwa nthawi imodzi. Ngakhale poyambirira pomenyera ufulu waku United States, matanthauzidwe awiri adasindikizidwa nthawi imodzi. Mwambiri, matembenuzidwe anayi a bukuli adasindikizidwa m'Chijeremani, ndipo imodzi mwamasuliridwe ake adasindikizidwa ku Bucharest. Zowona, chilankhulo cha Chiromaniya sichinasokonekere - adapezanso kope lake la Bucharest. Kuphatikiza apo, bukuli lamasuliridwa ku Dutch, Spanish, Danish Swedish, Finnish, Serbo-Croatia, Czech, Slovak, Bulgaria, Polish ndi zilankhulo zina zambiri.
21. Koyamba, The Master ndi Margarita ndi loto laopanga mafilimu. Ngwazi zokongola, nkhani ziwiri munthawi yomweyo, chikondi, miseche ndi kusakhulupirika, nthabwala komanso zoseketsa zenizeni. Komabe, kuti tiwerenge kusintha kwa bukuli, zala ndizokwanira. Pancake woyamba, mwachizolowezi, adatuluka wopanda bulu. Mu 1972 Andrzej Wajda adatsogolera filimuyo Pilato ndi Ena. Dzinalo ladziwika kale - a Pole adatenga nkhani imodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, adalimbikitsa kukula kwa kutsutsana pakati pa Pilato ndi Yeshua mpaka lero. Atsogoleri ena onse sanapangire mayina apachiyambi. Yugoslav Alexander Petrovich nayenso sanatenge ziwembu ziwiri nthawi imodzi - mu kanema wake mzere wa Pilato ndi Yeshua ndimasewera mu bwalo lamasewera. Filimu yodziwika bwino idawomberedwa mu 1994 ndi Yuri Kara, yemwe adakwanitsa kukopa onse omwe anali akatswiri pa cinema yaku Russia. Kanemayo adakhala wabwino, koma chifukwa chakusamvana pakati pa director ndi opanga, chithunzicho chidatulutsidwa kokha mu 2011 - 17 zaka zitatha kujambulidwa. Mu 1989, mndandanda wabwino wawayilesi udawomberedwa ku Poland. Gulu laku Russia motsogozedwa ndi director Vladimir Bortko (2005) nawonso adagwira ntchito yabwino. Wotsogolera wotchuka adayesetsa kupanga makanema apawailesi yakanema pafupi kwambiri ndi zolemba za bukuli, ndipo adakwanitsa kuchita bwino. Ndipo mu 2021, wamkulu wa makanema "Legend No. 17" ndi "The Crew" Nikolai Lebedev apanga zochitika zake ku Yershalaim ndi Moscow.
