Kanema wa Soviet anali dziko lonse palokha. Makampani akuluakuluwa amapanga mafilimu osiyanasiyana chaka chilichonse, ndipo amakopa owerenga mamiliyoni mazana ambiri. Ndikosatheka kufananiza kupezeka kwa makanema komwe kulipo pano. Kanema wotchuka wamakono, ngakhale atakhala wapamwamba kwambiri katatu, ndi chochitika chokhacho komanso chokha mdziko la cinema. Kanema wopambana wa Soviet adakhala zochitika mdziko lonse. Mu 1973, kanema "Ivan Vasilyevich Amasintha Ntchito Yake" idatulutsidwa, yomwe idawonetsedwa ndi anthu 60 miliyoni mchaka chimodzi. Mu chaka chomwecho, chochitika chopanga nthawi chidachitika - a Yenisei adatsekedwa ndi damu. Funso la chochitika chomwe chatsalira kukumbukira anthu silikufuna yankho ...
M'dziko la cinema, anthu apadera amasonkhana, omwe amatha kukopa chidwi cha omvera. Izi zoyambira, sikuti zimangotengera gawo la kanema. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala kunja kwa chimango chomwe zilakolako zimakhala zachiwawa kwambiri kuposa zolembedwa. Ngati amakondanadi, kotero kuti adachoka ndi mswachi kuchokera kumodzi, adasiya burashi iyi ndi ina ndikupita kukagona ku hotelo mpaka yachitatu. Ngati amamwa, ndiye kuti amafa. Ngati amalumbira, zimakhala kuti kanema sangatulutsidwe, pomwe anthu ambiri agwira ntchito kwa chaka chimodzi. Zambirimbiri za zolemba zinalembedwa za izi, momwe nthawi zina mumatha kupeza zokongola zenizeni.
1. Nkhani zomwe uyu kapena wochita seweroli adachita mwangozi sizosowa kwenikweni. Koma ndichinthu chimodzi pomwe mwayi umathandiza munthu kutchuka ndi kutchuka, komanso mosiyana ndi mwayi akamulephera. Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yochita Margarita Terekhova, onsewa anali okwanira. Atasiya fizikiya ndi masamu dipatimenti ya Central Asia University, iye anafika ku Moscow ndipo pafupifupi kulowa VGIK pa ntchentche. Pafupifupi - chifukwa atatha kuyankhulana, sanatengeredwe ku zojambula zakanema. Margarita, yemwe anali atalandira kale malo ku hostel, anali kukonzekera kubwerera kwawo ku Tashkent. Komabe, wina adaba ndalama zomwe adayikiratu tikiti yobwerera kuchokera usiku wake. Ophunzira achifundo adamupempha kuti azigwira ntchito kwakanthawi pamafayilo owonjezera. Pali Terekhova mwangozi adamva kuti wotsogolera Yuri Zavadsky (adatsogolera Mossovet Theatre) akulembera achinyamata ku studio yake. Maseti oterewa anali osowa kwambiri, ndipo Terekhova adaganiza zoyesa. Pofunsa mafunso, adadabwitsa aliyense wokhala ndi monologue ya Natalia kuchokera mu buku la "Quiet Flows the Don", pambuyo pake Zavadsky adapempha kuti achite phokoso. Mchitidwewo, mwachiwonekere, unali wosangalatsa, chifukwa Vera Maretskaya adadzuka, ndipo Valentina Talyzina adaganiza kuti Terekhova anali waluso kapena wopanda vuto. Margarita adawerenga mwakachetechete ndakatulo za Mikhail Koltsov, ndipo adalandiridwa mu studio.
2. Wosewera Pavel Kadochnikov, atatha kujambula kanema "The Exploit of the Scout", anali ndi pepala lapadera, lomwe tsopano likadatchedwa "pass-terrain pass". JV Stalin ankakonda kanemayo ndi sewero la Kadochnikov kotero kuti adatcha chithunzi cha Kadochnikov kuti ndi Wopanga zida zenizeni. Mtsogoleriyo adafunsa wochita sewerayo zomwe angasangalale kuchita posonyeza masewerawa. Kadochnikov mwanthabwala adapempha kuti alembe mawu onena za Wokonza weniweni papepala. Stalin anaseka ndipo sanayankhe, koma patangopita masiku ochepa Kadochnikov anapatsidwa pepala pa kalata yolembedwa ku Kremlin yolembedwa ndi Stalin ndi KE Voroshilov. Malinga ndi chikalatachi, Kadochnikov adapatsidwa ulemu waulemu wa nthambi zonse za Soviet Army. Kwa ulemu wa ochita seweroli, adagwiritsa ntchito chikalatachi pazochitika zowopsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu Juni 1977 ku Kalinin (tsopano Tver) magawo ena a kanema "Siberiade" adajambulidwanso, Kadochnikov, Natalya Andreichenko ndi Alexander Pankratov-Cherny adasewera osamba amaliseche ndi nyimbo zaphokoso pakatikati pa mzindawo, apolisi adawatulutsa m'madzi. Nkhaniyi ikadakhala yosamveka, koma Kadochnikov adapereka chikalata chopulumutsa munthawi yake.
Pavel Kadochnikov zaka 30 izi zisanachitike ndi osamba nudist ku Kalinin
3. Mu 1960, gawo loyamba la kanema wa Mikhail Schweitzer wa "Kuuka" lidatulutsidwa pazowonetsa za Soviet Union. Udindo waukulu mmenemo unaseweredwa ndi Tamara Semina, yemwe panthawi yomwe anali kujambulayo analibe zaka 22. Kanemayo komanso wochita seweroli adachita bwino osati ku USSR kokha. Semina analandila mphotho ya zisudzo wopambana pamaphwando ku Locarno, Switzerland ndi Mar del Plata, Argentina. Ku Argentina, chithunzicho chinaperekedwa ndi Semina mwiniwake. Anadabwitsidwa ndi chidwi cha anthu aku South America okwiya, omwe adamunyamula. Mu 1962, mndandanda wachiwiri wa kanema udawonetsedwa, womwe udalinso wotchuka kwambiri. Nthawi iyi Semina sanathe kupita ku Argentina - anali otanganidwa kujambula. Vasily Livanov, membala wa gululi, adakumbukira kuti gulu la "Kuuka" lidakakamizidwa kuyankha mafunso pafupipafupi pazomwe Semina sanakonde ku Argentina kotero kuti sanapite limodzi ndi ena ochita zisudzo.
Tamara Semina mu kanema "Kuuka kwa Akufa"
4. Udindo wa Stirlitz mu mndandanda wa "Seventeen Moments of Spring" akanatha kusewera ndi Archil Gomiashvili. Munthawi yoponyera, adachita chibwenzi champhamvu ndi wotsogolera filimuyo Tatiana Lioznova. Komabe, tsogolo la Ostap Bender linali lamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo Vyacheslav Tikhonov adavomerezedwa kuti agwire ntchitoyi. Panali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa m'mbiri yakujambula "Moments ..." Kwa ochita zisudzo, Leonid Bronevoy ndi Yuri Vizbor, kujambula kunali kuzunza kwenikweni - kupumira kwakanthawi kokwanira ndikufunika kosasiya chimango chinali chachilendo kwa iwo. Udindo wawayilesi yoyendetsa ana Kat idaseweredwa ndi akhanda angapo nthawi yomweyo, omwe adatengedwa kuchokera kuchipatala ndikubwezeretsedwanso ngati atanyamula lamba wonyamula. Ana amatha kujambula kwa maola awiri okha ndi nthawi yopuma, ndipo kujambula sikuyimitsidwa. Khonde pomwe mwanayo anali wobayidwa mozizira linali, kumene, mu studio, lotenthedwa ndi owala. Chifukwa chake, ochita masewerawa sanafune kulira, koma, adasewera kapena kugona. Kulira kunalembedwa pambuyo pake mchipatala. Pomaliza, mbiri yankhondo idawonjezeredwa mufilimuyi pakusintha. Asitikali, atawonera kanema womalizidwa, adakwiya - zidapezeka kuti nkhondo idapambanidwa chifukwa cha oyang'anira. Lioznova adawonjezera malipoti a Sovinformburo mufilimuyi.
Mufilimuyi "mphindi khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zakubadwa" Leonid Bronevoy "adagwa" nthawi zonse - adazolowera kukula kwa bwaloli
5. Wotsogolera Alexander Mitta, yemwe adawombera kanema "The Tale of How Tsar Peter Got Married," mwachidziwikire adadziwa za udani womwe udabuka pakati pa Vladimir Vysotsky ndi Irina Pechernikova, yemwe adasewera Louise De Cavaignac. Komabe, Mitta adalowetsa mufilimuyi chithunzi cha msonkhano wokondana wa okonda, momwe amathamangira wina ndi mnzake pamakwerero, kenako ndikukondana pabedi. Mwinanso wotsogolera amafuna kuti apange zisangalalo kuchokera kwa ochita zisudzo motsutsana ndi mbiri yoyipa yamaubwenzi. Zaka zitatu asanajambule, Pechernikova ndi Vysotsky adakondana popanda kamera. Komabe, ubale wawo udakhalapo, kunena pang'ono pang'ono, ozizira. Komanso, Irina anathyola mwendo asanayambe kujambula. Mise-en-scene yasintha: tsopano ngwazi ya Vysotsky amayenera kunyamula wokondedwa wake pamasitepe kukagona. Kumeneko anapaka zodzoladzola muzotengera zinayi (Vysotsky adasewera munthu wamtundu wakuda), ndipo chifukwa chake, malowa sanapange kanema.
Vladimir Vysotsky mu kanema "The Tale of How Tsar Peter the Arap Wokwatirana"
6. Palibe m'mafilimu atatu aku Soviet omwe adapambana Oscar omwe anali akatswiri ama box box ku USSR. Kanemayo "Dersu Uzala" mu 1975 adatenga malo a 11. Inayang'aniridwa ndi anthu 20.4 miliyoni. Wopambana mu mpikisano wamabokosi chaka chimenecho anali filimu yaku Mexico Yesenia, yomwe idakopa anthu 91.4 miliyoni. Komabe, olembawo sanayembekezere kupambana kwa "Dersu Uzala" pakati pa anthu ambiri - mutu ndi mtundu wake zinali zachindunji. Koma makanema akuti "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi "Moscow Sakhulupirira Misozi" anali osakondera ndi omwe amapikisana nawo. "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" mu 1965 adasonkhanitsa owonera 58 miliyoni ndipo anali patsogolo pa makanema onse aku Soviet, koma adataya nthabwala zaku America "Pali atsikana okha ku jazi" ndi Marilyn Monroe. Chithunzicho "Moscow Sakhulupirira Misozi" mu 1980 chidachitanso malo achiwiri, kutaya wopambana woyamba waku Soviet "Pirates of the XX century".
7. Kanemayo "Romance Cruel", yomwe idatulutsidwa mu 1984, idalandiridwa bwino ndi omvera, koma osakondedwa ndi omwe amatsutsa. Kwa osewera, omwe anali Nikita Mikhalkov, Andrei Myagkov, Alisa Freindlich ndi ena ochita seweroli, kutsutsa kwake kunali kopanda chisoni. Koma wachichepere Larisa Guzeeva, yemwe adasewera gawo lalikulu lachikazi, adapirira kutsutsidwa kwambiri. Pambuyo pa "Kukondana Kwankhanza," adayesa kuchita maudindo osiyanasiyana, ngati kuti akutsimikizira kuti sangakhale ndi chithunzi cha mkazi wosalimba. Guzeeva adasewera kwambiri, koma makanema onse ndi maudindo sanachite bwino. Zotsatira zake, "Romance Cruel" idangokhala yokhayo yomwe idachita bwino pantchito yake.
Mwina Larisa Guzeeva ayenera kupitiliza kupanga chithunzichi
8. Gawo lazachuma pakupanga makanema ku Soviet Union lingakhale mutu wofufuza wosangalatsa. Mwinanso maphunziro otere angakhale osangalatsa kuposa nthano zakuwonongeka kosatha kwa maubwenzi achikondi mwa akatswiri amakanema. Kupatula apo, zaluso monga "Seventeen Moments of Spring" kapena "D'Artanyan ndi Three Musketeers" zitha kukhala pakhomapo chifukwa chongotsutsana pazachuma. "Musketeers", komabe, adagona pashelefu pafupifupi chaka chimodzi. Cholinga chake ndi kufunitsitsa kwa director kuti alembe nawo zolembedwazo. Zikuwoneka ngati chindapusa, ndipo kumbuyo kwake akubisala ndalama, zomwe zinali zovuta munthawi ya Soviet. Olemba okhawo ndi omwe adalandira chiwongola dzanja chofananira - ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa pakubwezeretsa kanema kapena kuwonetsa pa TV. Otsalawo adalandila choyenera chawo ndipo adasangalala ndi kunyezimira kwaulemerero kapena kuphika munthawi yowatsutsa. Nthawi yomweyo, zopindulitsa za ochita zisudzo zimadalira zinthu zambiri kotero kuti zinali zovuta kuzidziwiratu. Koma nthawi zambiri, ochita bwino sanali osauka. Mwachitsanzo, izi ndizo zotsatira zachuma pakujambula kanema "The Adjutant of His Excellency". Kujambula kunachitika kuyambira pa Marichi 17 mpaka Ogasiti 8, 1969. Kenako ochita sewerowo adachotsedwa ndipo adayitanidwa kuti ajambulitse zojambulazo za wotsogolera zosalongosoka kapena wosakhutiritsa. Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, wotsogolera filimuyo, Yevgeny Tashkov, adalandira ma ruble 3,500, Yuri Solomin adalandira ruble 2,755. Zopeza za ochita masewerawa sizinapitirire ma ruble 1,000 (ndalama zambiri mdziko muno zinali pafupifupi ma ruble 120). Ochita masewerawa amakhala, monga akunenera, "pazonse zakonzeka". Kulumikizana kwa kuwomberako kunkagwira ntchito - osachepera omwe anali otsogola sangakhalepo kuti achite nawo zisudzo kapena nyenyezi mufilimu ina.
Yuri Solomin mu kanema "Adjutant of His Excellence"
9. A Galina Polskikh makolo ake anamwalira msanga. Abambo adamwalira kutsogolo, amayi adamwalira pomwe msungwanayo anali asanakwanitse zaka 8. Nyenyezi yowonetsa zamtsogolo idaleredwa ndi agogo aamudzi, omwe anali atasamukira kale ku Moscow atakalamba. Agogo aamuna adabwera ndi dziko momwe amaonera moyo. Mpaka masiku otsiriza, iye ankaona ntchito ya Ammayi ndi wosadalirika ndi kukopa Galina kuchita chinthu chachikulu. Kamodzi Polskikh adagula agogo anga aakazi wamkulu (kwa nthawiyo, zachidziwikire) TV. Wojambulayo amafuna kuti agogo ake amuwone ku Dingo Wild Dog. Kalanga, mpaka atamwalira agogo anga aakazi, omwe samatha kupita ku kanema chifukwa chodwala, kanemayo sanawonetsedwe konse pa TV ...
Galina Polskikh mu "Galu Wamtchire wa Dingo" anali wamkulu
10. Wodziwika kwa owonerera makamaka udindo wa woyang'anira apolisi Vladislav Slavin mu Gentlemen of Fortune, Oleg Vidov mwachiwonekere ndi wojambula bwino kwambiri waku Russia yemwe adathawira kunja. Mu 1983 adathawa kudutsa Yugoslavia, komwe adakumana ndi mkazi wake wachinayi komanso womaliza ku United States. M'dziko Latsopano, adadziwika, choyambirira, ngati munthu yemwe adabweretsa zojambula zabwino kwambiri zaku Russia Kumadzulo. Atagula ufulu wowonetsa ndi kusindikiza zikwizikwi za makanema ojambula aku Soviet kuchokera kwa oyang'anira atsopano a Soyuzmultfilm pamtengo wotsika, Vidov adapanga ndalama zambiri pa izi. Ngakhale mapindu ake onse, komanso chindapusa chindapusa komanso maphunziro apamwamba m'mafilimu aku America, adakalibe m'matumba a akatswiri aku America. Kale mu 1998, Vidov anapezeka ndi khansa ya pituitary. Kuyambira pamenepo mpaka imfa yake, Vidov adapitilizabe kulimbana ndi imfa. Kupambana kwa duel komwe kudakonzedweratu kudalembedwa pa Meyi 15, 2017, Vidov atamwalira ku Westlake Village Hospital.
"Gulani khadi nokha, bast!" Woyendetsa taxi - Oleg Vidov
