Thanthwe la Russia lilipo, malinga ndi mbiri yakale, osati kale kwambiri. Amateurs akhala akuwalemba kuyambira ma 1960, koma kuyesera "kuchotsa m'modzi" kumadzulo kumenyedwa zaka zisanu zapitazo sikungakhale chifukwa chakuyimira palokha. Oimba amateur aku Soviet (ngati mungafune, odziyimira pawokha) adayamba kupanga zidutswa zochepa kwenikweni koyambirira kwa ma 1970. Ndipo mkatikati mwa zaka khumi, "Time Machine" idagunda mwamphamvu. Gulu la rock lidafika pachimake koyambirira kwa ma 1980, ndipo pomwe Soviet Union idagwa, rock idasandulika kukhala imodzi mwamaimbidwe a pop ndi zabwino zake zonse ndi zoyipa zake.
Tisaiwale kuti kayendedwe ka thanthwe ku USSR kanali ndi gawo lalikulu munthawi ya chizunzo chachikulu. M'mizinda ikuluikulu, magulu a anthu anali ochuluka, ndipo mazana a anthu adalowa m'makalabu osiyanasiyana amiyala. Ndipo pamene "zonse zomwe zidatitsamwitsa usiku wa fumbi" zidasowa, zidapezeka kuti kunalibe ochita masewera ambiri omwe amafuna kugwira ntchito mwaluso. Thanthwe laku Russia lili ngati mpira: ngakhale matimu 20 satumizidwa ku ligi yayikulu.
Mitundu yatsopano imawonekera munyimbo pafupifupi chaka chilichonse, komabe, monga Kumadzulo, "akale" amalemekezedwa ku Russia. Mabungwe adakali otchuka, omwe mamembala awo ndi mafani awo "adasinthidwa" chifukwa cha makonsati osavomerezeka, ndipo akatswiri ndi mainjiniya omangidwa adamangidwa chifukwa chogulitsa ma amplifiers kapena ma speaker. Sizingatheke kuti "Alice", DDT, "Aquarium", "Chaif" kapena "Nautilus Pompilius", ngati itatsitsimutsidwa, idzasonkhana tsopano, monga Cord, owonera oposa 60,000 pabwaloli. Komabe, awa komanso magulu achichepere samasewera kutsogolo kwa maholo opanda kanthu. Mbiri ya thanthwe la Russia ikupitilizabe, koma zina zosangalatsa, zoseketsa kapena zosadziwika pang'ono zitha kutulutsidwa kale.
1. Gulu "Time Machine" mu 1976 lidapambana malo oyamba pachikondwerero cha "Tallinn Songs of Youth-76", osayimiliranso kuposa Ministry of Meat and Dairy Industry of the Russian Federation. Gululo panthawiyo linali kuyeseza mu Palace of Culture ya dipatimentiyi, koma zinali zosatheka kupita pachikondwererochi, palokha. Chikondwererochi chimadziwikanso chifukwa chakuti kwa nthawi yoyamba "Aquarium" idatenga nawo gawo pamwambo wovomerezeka.
"Makina anthawi" kumapeto kwa kutchuka kwake
2. Vyacheslav Butusov adalumikizana koyamba ndi nyimbo za rock, pomwe mu 1981, monga mtolankhani wa nyuzipepala ya "Architect", adalemba chikondwerero choyamba chamiyala cha Sverdlovsk. Chochitikacho chinachitika ku Architectural Institute komwe Butusov adaphunzira. Anauzidwa kuti azifunsa mafunso a Nastya Poleva ndi Alexander Pantykin ochokera mgulu la Urfin Jus. Polankhula ndi Nastya, Vyacheslav mwanjira inayake adagonjetsa manyazi ake, koma poyankhulana ndi Pantykin adapempha kuti apatse wina kuchokera kwa omwe amagwira nawo ntchito, makamaka mtsikana.
3. Gulu loyamba la Soviet lomwe limasewera ndi phonogram linali gulu la Kino. Mu 1982, gululi, lomwe panthawiyo linali ndi anthu awiri - Viktor Tsoi ndi Alexei Rybin - analibe woyimba ng'oma. Katswiri wamaphunziro Andrey Tropillo adalangiza kuti agwiritse ntchito makina agubhu - chida chamagetsi chapamwamba kwambiri. Makinawa anali oyenerabe kujambula mu studio, koma osati pamakonsati - amayenera kumangidwanso nyimbo iliyonse ikatha. Zotsatira zake, a Boris Grebenshchikov adapempha anyamatawo kuti azisewera konsati yawo yoyamba pamiyeso ya makina ojambulidwa pa tepi rekoda. Phokoso lagalimotoli limamveka munyimbo za chimbale "45".
4. Chimbale chodziwika bwino "Nautilus" chosawoneka, chomwe chimaphatikizapo nyimbo yachipembedzo osati ya rock yokha, koma ya nyimbo zonse zakumapeto kwa Soviet, "Ndikufuna kukhala nanu", adalemba ndikusakanikirana m'nyumba ya Dmitry Umetsky koyambirira kwa 1985. Choyamba chinachitikira ku disco mu chipinda cha Architectural Institute ndipo chinalephera. Koma pakati pa oimba nyimbo za rock, nyimbozo zidayamba. Kwa ena, kutengeka kumeneku kunali koyipa kwambiri. Pantykin, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo adauza Butusov ndi Umetsky kuti analibe kanthu koti agwire thanthwe, atamvera "Invisible" adadzuka ndikutuluka mchipinda chija. Kuyambira pamenepo "Urfin Deuce" ndi mtsogoleri wawo sanalembepo chilichonse chanzeru.
5. Pomwe gulu la Chaif limapangidwa ku Sverdlovsk, adadziwa za thanthwe la Moscow kuti ndi "Time Machine", ndipo thanthwe la Leningrad linali "Aquarium", Mike (Naumenko, "Zoo") ndi Tsoi. Woyimba gitala wamtsogolo wa "Chaifa" Vladimir Begunov mwanjira ina adazindikira kuti Mike ndi Tsoi amabwera ku Sverdlovsk kudzachita nawo zoimbaimba zapanyumba. Monga wapolisi, adazindikira mosavuta nyumba yomwe ma Leningrader angafikire, ndipo adayamba kukhala ndi chidaliro kwa eni ake pogula mabotolo angapo a vodka. Kenako, malinga ndi Begunov yemwe, Mike adabwera ndi "chilombo chokwanira chamtundu wosavomerezeka wa dziko lakum'mawa." Chachiwiri ichi chimayankhulanso pafupipafupi, zomwe pamapeto pake zidabweretsa Begunov mwa iye. Kungotchula dzina loti "Kino" komanso mayanjano omwe ali ndi dzina loti "Tsoi" ndi omwe anathandiza Begunov kudziwa kuti anali ndani.
Vladimir Begunov ali mnyamata
6. Artyom Troitsky adalimbikitsa kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo nyimbo za rock ku Soviet Union. Monga mwana wa kazembe wodziwika bwino, anali mkati mwazomwe zinali zapamwamba pachikhalidwe chawo ndipo nthawi zonse ankakonza ma auditions osavomerezeka ndi ma concert azanyumba za oimira chikhalidwe cha Soviet. Wolemba, oimba ndi ojambula sakanatha kutengera udindo wachipani, koma rock, osachepera, idasiya kukhala chinthu chokha. Ndipo kuthandizidwa ndi studio zojambulira ndi zida sizinali zopepuka kwa osauka mwa oimba ambiri.
7. Pomwe mu 1979 "Time Machine" idagwa pachimake pakupambana, Vladimir Kuzmin atha kukhalamo. Osachepera, akuti, Andrei Makarevich adapereka mwayi wotere. Komabe, Kuzmin ndiye adasewera mgulu lomwelo ndi Alexander Barykin ndi Yuri Boldyrev ndipo, mwachiwonekere, anali akuganiza kale zopanga "Dynamics". Pambuyo pake Makarevich anakana pempholo.
8. Njira zosawerengeka za thanthwe laku Russia zikuwonetsedwa bwino ndi nyimbo "Yang'anani Pazenera". Butusov ali ndi mzere "Alain Delon samamwa mafuta onunkhiritsa" pa lilime lake. Ilya Kormiltsev mwachangu adalemba mizere yonena za wopusa wamchigawo, yemwe chithunzi chake ndi chithunzi cha wojambula waku France wodulidwa m'magazini. M'malingaliro a Kormiltsev, lembalo linali longa zododometsa - zingatheke bwanji kuti munthu amene amadziwa zilankhulo khumi ndi ziwiri azigwirizana ndi azimayi amchigawochi? Butusov, pokonzanso lembalo, adalemba nyimbo yoboola kuchokera m'mavesi kotero kuti Kormiltsev sanaganize konse kuti ateteze kukhulupirika kwalemba lake. Yuri Shevchuk adalemba mzere pansi pa mbiri ya nyimboyi. Woyenda ndevu wa Ufa, yemwe adabweretsedwa ku Sverdlovsk ndi mphepo zosamvetsetseka, pamaso pa Kormiltsev adakwapula Butusov paphewa ndikunamizira kuti: "Mukuwona, Slavka, mumakhala ndi nyimbo zabwino kwambiri ndi nyimbo zanu!"
9. Wolemba gitala wa gulu la "Chaif" a Vladimir Begunov adagwira ntchito zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ngati wogwira ntchito ku Patrol and Post Service ku Sverdlovsk. Nthawi ina, kumapeto kwa 1985, Vyacheslav Butusov, yemwe anali kuyenda mwamtendere kupita kumsonkhano wotsatira wa kilabu yamiyala ya Sverdlovsk, adamva mkokomo wowopsa kuchokera ku apolisi ya UAZ yoyimilira m'mbali mwa mseu: "Citizen Butusov, bwera kuno!" Pofika nthawiyo, oyimba matanthwe anali atawopsezana ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi KGB kotero kuti Butusov adapita pagalimoto yoyang'anira, ngati Golgotha. Asitikali, motsogozedwa ndi Begunov, amayenera kumugulitsa ndi doko lokwanira.
Othamanga akadali apolisi
10. Mpaka m'ma 1980, magulu ambiri amtundu wa Soviet anali ndi zovuta zazikulu kwambiri. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida, ma amplifiers ndi ma speaker, ndipo ngakhale chosakanikirana chosavuta kumawoneka ngati chozizwitsa chenicheni. Chifukwa chake, oimba nthawi zambiri amakhala okonzeka kusewera kwaulere, ngati okonza konsatiyo "atulutsa zida zawo" - atapereka zida zawo. Komabe, ndizosatheka kunena kuti okonzekerawa mopanda manyazi amapindula ndi ochita zisudzo - thanthwe ndi chidakwa, kapena ngakhale kuledzera kumayendera limodzi. Mu chisangalalo chakujambula, oyimba amatha kuwononga zida zodula mosavuta.
11. Kumayambiriro kwa perestroika, mu 1986, pomwe zimawoneka kwa aliyense kuti zonse zikuyenda "zotheka," olemba Yuri Saulsky ndi Igor Yakushenko adakopa Andrei Makarevich kuti alowe mu Gnesinsky Institute. Ndi kutchuka konse panthawiyo komanso ndalama zambiri, izi zinali zomveka - Makarevich sanalandire ndalama kuchokera pakuimba kwa oimba ena. Mosiyana ndi ziyembekezo za Makarevich wopanda nzeru, komiti yosankhidwa idamumenya kwenikweni. Mapeto ake anali magwiridwe antchito a nyimboyi. Pa vesi loyambirira la "Snow" mtsogoleri wa "Time Machine" adasokonezedwa: mawu oyipa, ndizosatheka kutulutsa mawuwo. Pambuyo pake Makarevich adatembenuka ndikumapita.
12. Imodzi mwa nyimbo zomwe amakonda kwambiri a Vyacheslav Butusov "Kalonga Wokhala chete" idalembedwa ndi iye pamavesi a wolemba ndakatulo waku Hungary Endre Adi. Nthawi zina, Vyacheslav adagula zosonkhanitsa za ndakatulo zaku Hungary mumsewu (panali nthawi - ndi nthawi iti yomwe munthu angagule nthano ya ndakatulo zaku Hungary mu Russia lero?). Ndakatulo zomwezo zidamuuza nyimbo. Nyimboyi idaphatikizidwa mu nyimbo yamaginito "Invisible" ndipo idakhala yakale kwambiri mu albam yoyamba "Nautilus Pompilius", yotulutsidwa mu 1989.
13. Pakulemba nyimbo ya "Tsalani bwino Kalata" ya chimbale choyamba chokwanira cha gulu la "Prince of Silence", Alla Pugacheva adagwira ntchito yothandizira. Chofunika kwambiri chinali chopereka chamtsogolo cha Prima Donna kuukadaulo waukadaulo - anali Pugacheva yemwe adakopa Alexander Kalyanov kuti apereke studio yake kujambula "Kalonga Wakukhala chete".
Alla Pugacheva ndi "Nautilus Pompilius"
14. Kumayambiriro kwa zochitika za gulu la Chaif, mtsogoleri wawo, Vladimir Shakhrin, anali wachiwiri kwa khonsolo ya chigawo (woyenera zaka zakubadwa ndi ntchito yogwira ntchito, wosankhidwa pomwe anali paulendo wabizinesi) ndipo anali membala wa komiti yachikhalidwe. Pambuyo pa konsati yoyamba, gululi lidaphatikizidwa pamndandanda woletsedwa. Mtsogoleri wa komitiyi adakwiya ndi izi pomwe mtsogoleri wa gulu loletsedwa anali kugwira ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi iye (Shakhrin sanapite kumisonkhano), koma sakanatha kuchita chilichonse.
15. "Kudziwa" mwamtheradi kwamiyala yaku Soviet Union kunali kotchedwa "Chilituyaniya" (kuvomereza) kwa malemba. Commission yapadera, yomwe idaphatikizapo akatswiri komanso anthu omwe anali kutali kwambiri ndi nyimbo, ngakhale ngakhale thanthwe, makamaka anthu, adayang'ana mawuwo. Ngakhale kuti mawuwo anali amodzi mwa miyala yodziwika bwino yaku Russia, pamapepala nthawi zambiri amawoneka osamveka komanso oseketsa. Chifukwa chake, njira zaku Lithuania nthawi zina zimafanana ndi sewero: m'modzi mwa mamembala a komitiyi angafune kusintha nyimbo "iyi", pomwe ena amayang'ana kwambiri zonyoza njira zaku Soviet Union (ngati kulibe kanthu kalikonse m'malembawo, atha kuimba mlandu chifukwa chosagwira ntchito udindo m'moyo). Pambuyo pa purigatoriyo yaku Lithuania, nyimboyi imatha kuimbidwa pagulu, koma kwaulere - aku Lithuania sanapatse oimbawo udindo uliwonse. Osekawo nthawi zina ankalongosola zamisala nyimbo zina za Aquarium, Kino ndi magulu ena a Leningrad chifukwa chofunitsitsa kuvomereza mopanda chisoni. Ndipo kwa gulu "Aria" mawu achifasizimu achi Italiya "Will and Reason" adapita ngati wotchi - nthawi zina, kuphatikiza pakulonda kwa proletarian, chikhalidwe chofunikanso chimafunikanso. Zowona, ku "Aria" samadziwanso za mwambiwo.
16. Kugwa kwa 1990, "Nautilus", yemwe anali mgulu latsopano, wopanda Dmitry Umetsky, adayenda mozungulira Germany mu minibus yake ndi ma concert angapo. Tsiku lina minibus inatha mafuta. Butusov ndi woyimba gitala Yegor Belkin komanso woyimba ngodya Igor Javad-zade, yemwe anali atangowonekera kumene mgululi, adapita ndi zitini ku gulu lankhondo lapafupi. Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi m'mbuyomu, oyimbawo, mothandizidwa ndi kumwetulira, zithunzi ndi zolemba zawo, adakwanitsa kutenga matikiti 10 opita ku USA "lero" kuchokera kwa omwe amapereka ndalama ku Aeroflot, zomwe zinali zodabwitsa. Kumwetulira sikunadutse ndi oyang'anira a Soviet Army - amayenera kupereka konsati pazida zomwe zikupezeka mgululi.
17. Mwambiri, Germany ndiyokayikitsa kuti ingabweretse zokumbukira zabwino za omwe atenga nawo mbali mu Nautilus. Gululo lidatenga nawo gawo pa konsati yopatulira kutulutsidwa kwa asitikali aku Soviet (chifukwa chabwino, kuti akonze konsati yayikulu). Atawuluka kupita kumalo okwerera ndege, asitikali awiriwa adakwanitsa kufika kumalo ochitira nawo zisudzo pafupi ndi Reichstag ku Berlin. Kumapezeka kuti konsatiyo idatsegulidwa ndi gulu limodzi. Pyatnitsky ndi Aleksandrova, akupitiliza "Nautilus Pompilius" ndi Lyudmila Zykina, ndikumaliza ndi gulu "Na-Na". Palibe aliyense wa miyala yaku Russia yemwe anali ndi mwayi wochita zodabwitsazi m'zaka zimenezo.
18. Mwinanso nyimbo yotchuka kwambiri pagulu la Chaif, "Lirani za iye," idalembedwa panthawi yomwe gululi lidatha kukhalapo mu 1989. "Chaif" idagwa pazifukwa zambiri: zachuma, komanso kusokonekera kwa gululi, komanso, kumwa mopitirira muyeso, komwe Shakhrin idakopeka pang'onopang'ono, idathandizira. Nyimbo iyi - osati iye yekha, kumene - idathandizira gululi kuti libwererenso limodzi. Ndipo kale mumkhalidwe watsopano, waluso kwambiri.
"Chaif" madzulo a kugwa
19. Munthawi ya Soviet, kuti mupeze poyeserera, mumafunikira kulumikizana kapena kusinthana (ndimakupatsani chipinda, ndipo mumapereka makonsati pamaholide). Ndiye ndalama zinayamba kusankha chilichonse. Nthawi yomweyo, palibe chomwe chasintha kwa oyimbira - oyamba kumene amayenera kutenga mwayi uliwonse wopeza chipinda chamayankho kwaulere. Chifukwa chake, Mikhail Gorshenyov aka "Pot" ndi Andrey Knyazev aka "Prince", omwe adaphunzira limodzi kusukulu yobwezeretsa, adapeza ntchito ku Hermitage kokha chifukwa antchito ake adapatsidwa nyumba mosasinthasintha, ngakhale m'nyumba zogona. Umu ndi momwe gulu la "King ndi Jester" lidabadwira mchipinda mchipinda chogona.
20. Ndi chiphunzitso chodziwika bwino kuti kuzunzidwa kwa oyimba matanthwe sikudalimbikitsidwe ndi mabwana achipani, koma ndi olemba "ovomerezeka" - olemba atsopano adawopseza mwachindunji ndalama zawo monga mafumu. Chitsimikizo chosazungulira cha chiphunzitsochi ndi kutchuka kwa oimba nyimbo za rock pakati pa opanga mafilimu. Oimba nyimbo anali kujambula kale m'ma 1970, ndipo nyimbo zawo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito poyera ngati nyimbo. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1987, mkati mwa kuzunzidwa kwa thanthwe, mtsogoleri wa "Alice" Konstantin Kinchev adasewera mu kanema "Burglar". Kuphatikiza pa nyimbo za "Alice", kanemayo ali ndi nyimbo zamagulu ena asanu amiyala. Ndipo pali zitsanzo zambiri. Ngati Central Committee ya CPSU ikadakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri chifukwa chamalingaliro amiyala, sakanaloledwa kuwombera ku cinema, komwe, monga mukudziwa, achikominisi amawona kuti ndi luso lofunika kwambiri.
