Oimba achi Abyssinia ndi bagana akulira,
Kuwukitsa zakale, zodzaza ndi matsenga;
Panali nthawi yomwe patsogolo pa Nyanja Tana
Gondar anali likulu lachifumu.
Mizere iyi yolembedwa ndi Nikolai Gumilyov imapangitsa Ethiopia, yomwe ili kutali kwambiri ku Africa, kukhala pafupi nafe. Dziko losamvetsetseka la Abyssinia, lomwe tinkakonda kutcha Ethiopia, lakhala likuchititsa chidwi ku Russia kwanthawi yayitali. Odzipereka adapita ku equator ku Africa kukathandiza anthu akuda mwatsoka kumenya nkhondo ndi aku Italiya. Soviet Union, yomwe idatopa ndi mavuto azachuma, idathandizira boma la Mengist Haile Mariam kuti asafe ndi nzika zake zonse - ngati wina atsala.
Ethiopia mu mbiri yakale ingatchulidwe kuti Kievan Rus - kulimbana kosatha kapena malo olimba ndi ambuye akutsogola, kapena, ngati mfumuyo idatha kusonkhanitsa magulu ankhondo, dziko logwirizana lokhala ndi adani akunja. Ndipo kwa anthu wamba, zipolowe zandale, monga ku Kievan Rus, zinali ngati ziphuphu pamwamba pa madzi: alimi, kulima minda yawo pamanja, amadalira kwambiri mvula yotheka kuposa boma lapakati, ngati ikhala ngakhale ku Kiev, ngakhale ku Addis -Ababa.
1. Ethiopia ndi dziko la 26 padziko lapansi potengera madera omwe akukhalamo, ndipo manambala enieniwa akuwoneka osangalatsa - 1,127,127 km2... Ndizosangalatsa kuti mayiko angapo aku Africa ali ndi dera lofananira ndi mgodi wamakilomita mazana zikwizikwi - atsamunda, omwe akuwoneka, akukoka malire, adayesa kugawaniza Africa kukhala zidutswa zochepa kapena zochepa.
2. Anthu aku Ethiopia koyambirira kwa 2018 ndi pafupifupi anthu 97 miliyoni. Chizindikiro ichi ndi chokwanira m'maiko 13 apadziko lapansi. Anthu ambiri amakhala kumayiko aku Europe kupatula Russia. Chiwerengero cha Germany, choyandikira kwambiri ku Ethiopia, ndi pafupifupi 83 miliyoni. Ku Africa, Ethiopia ndi yachiwiri pambuyo pa Nigeria potengera kuchuluka kwa nzika.
3. Kuchuluka kwa anthu ku Ethiopia ndi anthu 76 pa kilomita lalikulu. Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka komweku ku Ukraine, koma kuyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti Ethiopia, mosiyana ndi Ukraine, ndi dziko lamapiri ataliatali, ndipo pali malo ocheperako oyenera kukhala mdziko la Africa.
4. Ndi chuma ku Ethiopia, malinga ndi ziwerengero, zonse ndizomvetsa chisoni - katundu wakunyumba yense, yemwe amawerengedwa kuti ndi mphamvu yogulira, ali pansi pa $ 2,000 pa munthu aliyense, yomwe ndi 169 padziko lapansi. Ku Afghanistan, komwe nkhondo sinayime kwa theka la zaka, ndi madola a 2003.
5.Wogwira ntchito ku Ethiopia amapeza, malinga ndi ziwerengero, $ 237 pamwezi. Ku Russia, chiwerengerochi ndi $ 615, koma ku Uzbekistan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan ndi Ukraine, amalandira ndalama zochepa kuposa ku Ethiopia. Komabe, malinga ndi apaulendo, m'malo osakhazikika a Addis Ababa, $ 80 pamalipiro wamba amatengedwa ngati chisangalalo. Koma satelayiti mbale imapachikika pamwamba pa chinyumba chopangidwa ndi makatoni.
6. Ethiopia ili pa nambala 140 pamndandanda wamayiko kutengera zaka za moyo. Amayi mdziko muno amakhala zaka 67, amuna amakhala mpaka 63. Komabe, mayiko ambiri aku Africa, kuphatikiza South Africa yomwe kale inali yolemera, ali pamndandanda womwe uli pansipa ku Ethiopia.
7. Chikhalidwe chofala chakuti "anthu akhala pano kuyambira kalekale" chikugwirizana bwino ndikulongosola kwa Ethiopia. Mfundo yakuti makolo akale a anthu amakhala m'derali zaka pafupifupi 4.5 miliyoni zapitazo zikuwonetsedwa ndi mbiri yakale.
Lucy ndikumanganso kwa Australopithecus wamkazi yemwe adakhala zaka zosachepera 3.2 miliyoni zapitazo
8. M'zaka za VII - VIII BC. e. kudera la Etiopia wamakono kunali ufumu wosadziwika, poyang'ana koyamba, dzina D'mt (dzinalo, limatchulidwadi, akatswiri azilankhulo amatanthauza phokoso pakati pa [a] ndi [ndi] ndi apostrophe. ntchito yothirira.
9. Agiriki akale adapanga liwu loti "Aitiopiya" ndipo adatcha onse okhala mu Africa - mu chi Greek mawu awa amatanthauza "nkhope yopsereza".
10. Chikhristu chidakhala chipembedzo chachikulu ku Ethiopia (pomwepo chidatchedwa Axum Kingdom) pakati pa zaka za zana lachinayi AD. Tsiku lomwe mpingo wachikhristu wakomweko udakhazikitsidwa ndi 329.
11. Ethiopia imawerengedwa kuti ndi komwe khofi adabadwira. Malinga ndi nthano yotchuka, masamba a zipatso ndi zipatso za mtengo wa khofi adapezeka ndi mbuzi. M'busa wawo anauza nyumba ya amonke kuti potafuna masamba a mtengo wa khofi, mbuzi zimakhala tcheru komanso zopepuka. Abbot adayesera kupanga masamba ndi zipatso - zidakhala zakumwa zolimbikitsa, zomwe pambuyo pake zidakondedwa m'maiko ena. Munthawi yaulamuliro waku Ethiopia, aku Italiya adapanga espresso ndikubweretsa makina a khofi mdzikolo.
12. Ethiopia ndi dziko lamapiri lokwera kwambiri ku Africa. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo lotsika kwambiri la kontrakitala lilinso mdziko lino. Dallol ndi 130 mita pansi pa nyanja. Nthawi yomweyo, Dallol ndiye ngwazi yapadziko lonse lapansi kutentha kwapachaka - pano ndi 34.4 ° C.
13. Chilankhulo chachikulu ku Ethiopia ndi Amharic, chilankhulo cha anthu achi Amhara, omwe amapanga 30% ya anthu mdzikolo. Zilembo zimatchedwa Abugida. 32% ya Aitiopiya ndi anthu achi Oromo. Mitundu yotsalayo, yopitilira 80, ikuyimiridwanso ndi anthu aku Africa.
14. Hafu ya anthu ndi akhristu aku Eastern Rite, ena 10% ndi Achiprotestanti, ndipo chiwerengero chawo chikuchulukirachulukira. Wachitatu mwa anthu aku Ethiopia ndi Asilamu.
15. Likulu la dzikolo, Addis Ababa, poyamba linkatchedwa Finfin - mchilankhulo cha m'modzi mwa anthu amderali, akasupe otentha amatchedwa choncho. Addis Ababa adakhala mzinda patatha zaka zitatu kukhazikitsidwa kwake mu 1886.
Kalendala ya ku Ethiopia ili ndi miyezi 13, osati 12. Otsatirawa ndi ofanana ndi a February - atha kukhala ndi masiku 5 mchaka chimodzi ndi 6 mchaka chodumpha. Zaka zimawerengedwa, monga zikuyenera Akhristu, kuyambira Kubadwa kwa Khristu, kokha chifukwa cha kulakwitsa kwa kalendala ya Ethiopia ndi zaka 8 kumbuyo kwa mayiko ena. Ndi ulonda ku Ethiopia, nazonso, sizinthu zonse zikuwonekera bwino. Maofesi aboma ndi mayendedwe amayenda padziko lonse lapansi - pakati pausiku nthawi ya 0:00, masana nthawi ya 12:00. M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ku Ethiopia, ndichizolowezi kuwona kutuluka kwa dzuwa kokhazikika (6:00) ngati maola zero, komanso pakati pausiku. - kulowa kwa dzuwa (18:00). Chifukwa chake "kudzuka nthawi ya 6 koloko m'mawa" ku Ethiopia kumatanthauza "kugona mpaka khumi ndi awiri."
17. Ethiopia inali ndi Ayuda akuda omwe, amatchedwa "Falasha". Anthu ammudzi ankakhala kumpoto kwa dzikolo ndipo analipo anthu pafupifupi 45,000. Onse pang'onopang'ono ananyamuka kupita ku Israel.
Yetaish Einau, Abiti Israel, wobadwira ku Ethiopia
18. Mchere wonse ku Ethiopia umachokera kunja, kotero olamulira ndi mafumu ambiri adasamala kwambiri pakuwongolera miyambo yake - inali njira yopezera ndalama nthawi zonse. M'zaka za zana la 17, anthu adaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe komanso kulandidwa katundu chifukwa chofuna kuitanitsa mchere wakale. Pakubwera nthawi zotukuka kwambiri, kumangidwa m'ndende kunayambitsidwa m'malo momupha, koma tsopano itha kupezedwa osati mchere wokha, komanso mankhwala, zida zopangira, ngakhale magalimoto.
19. Mlandu wapadera ku Africa - Ethiopia sinakhalepo gulu la aliyense. Munthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, dzikolo lidalandidwa ndi Italy, koma ndimomwe ndinkaliri ndi nkhondo zosagwirizana komanso zosangalatsa zina zakunja.
20. Ethiopia inali yoyamba, yokhala ndi malire ochepa, dziko la Africa kuvomerezedwa ku League of Nations. Kusungako kumakhudza Union of South Africa, monga Republic of South Africa idatchulidwira nthawi imeneyo. South America anali m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa League of Nations, koma poyambira anali olamulira aku Britain, osati boma lodziyimira pawokha. Mu UN, Ethiopia inali yotchedwa. membala woyambirira - boma lomwe linali m'gulu loyamba kulowa nawo Gulu.
21. Mu 1993, anthu aku Eritrea, chigawo chakumpoto komwe Ethiopia idatha kufikira kunyanja, adaganiza kuti ali ndi zokwanira kudyetsa Addis Ababa. Eritrea idasiyana ndi Ethiopia ndikukhala dziko lodziyimira palokha. Tsopano avareji yapakati pa GDP ya Eritrea ndi yocheperako kamodzi ndi theka poyerekeza ndi waku Ethiopia.
22. Mu kibuga Lalibela muli emisango 13 eyagobeddwamu mu lukungu lw’amabwe. Mipingo ndi nyumba zomangamanga mwapadera. Amalumikizidwa ndi makina osungira madzi. Ntchito ya titanic yosema akachisi pamiyala idachitika mzaka za XII-XIII.
23. Kybra Nagest, buku lopatulika la Aitiopiya, losungidwa ku Addis Ababa, lili ndi chidindo cha laibulale yaku Britain Museum. Mu 1868, aku Britain adalanda dziko la Ethiopia, adagonjetsa magulu ankhondo a mfumu ndipo adabera dzikolo, ndikutenga, pakati pazinthu zina, buku loyera. Zoona, atapempha mfumu ina, bukulo lidabwezedwa, koma lasindikizidwa kale.
24. Ku National Museum of Ethiopia ku Addis Ababa pali chipilala cha Pushkin - agogo ake aamuna anali ochokera ku Ethiopia, makamaka, ochokera ku Eritrea. Malo omwe chipilalachi chilipo amatchedwanso dzina la wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu waku Russia.
25. Kuyesera kupanga ulimi wonse, wochitidwa ndi boma la "socialist" mzaka za 1970, kudasokoneza gawo laulimi. Zaka zingapo zowuma zidangowonongekeratu, zomwe zidadzetsa njala yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe idapha miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri.
26. Komabe, Aitiyopiyawo anali ndi njala ngakhale popanda socialism. Dzikoli lili ndi dothi lamiyala kwambiri. Izi zimalepheretsa kugwiranso ntchito kwa anthu wamba. Ndipo ngakhale ziweto zambiri (zilipo zambiri ku Ethiopia poyerekeza ndi dera ladzikolo kuposa kwina kulikonse ku Africa) sizimapulumutsa mchaka cha njala - ng'ombe zimatha kulowa pansi pa mpeni, kapena kupuma chifukwa chosowa chakudya pamaso pa anthu.
27. Njala ina idapangitsa kuti Emperor Haile Selassie agwetsedwe. Unali wouma kwa zaka zitatu motsatizana kuyambira 1972 mpaka 1974. Kuphatikiza apo, mitengo yamafuta idakwera katatu, pomwe Ethiopia idalibe ma hydrocarboni ake panthawiyo (tsopano, malinga ndi malipoti ena, aku China apeza mafuta ndi gasi). Panalibe ndalama yogulira chakudya kunja - Ethiopia idangotumiza khofi kunja. Komanso, zothandiza anthu ochokera kunja zinalandidwa. Mfumuyo idasiyidwa ndi aliyense, ngakhale omulondera ake omwe. Haile Selassie anachotsedwa mu 1974 ndipo anaphedwa chaka chotsatira.
28. Chipatala choyamba chotsegulidwa ku Ethiopia kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19 chinali chipatala chaku Russia. Odzipereka aku Russia adathandizira Aitiopiya pomenya nkhondo ndi aku Italiya mu 1893-1913, koma izi sizowunikiridwa m'mbiri komanso m'mabuku kuposa momwe anthu aku Russia amenyera nkhondo ya Anglo-Boer. Komabe, Aitiyopiya adayesa thandizo la Russia mofananamo ndi "ogwirizana" ena ndi "abale awo" adawunika: pa mwayi woyamba adayamba kufunafuna chitetezo cha England ndi United States.
29. Zomwe asitikali aku Russia oyamba-azikunja akuyenera kutchula mayina awo. Esaul Nikolai Leontiev adabweretsa gulu loyamba la odzipereka ndi anamwino ku Ethiopia mu 1895. Malangizo a Esaul Leontiev adathandizira Emperor Menelik II kupambana pankhondo. Machenjerero a Kutuzov adagwira ntchito: aku Italiya adakakamizidwa kutambasula kulumikizana, kutulutsa magazi mpaka kufa ndikumenyedwa kumbuyo ndikugonjetsedwa pankhondo yayikulu. Wachiwiri kwa Leontiev anali wamkulu wa kapitawo K. Zvyagin. Cornet Alexander Bulatovich adapatsidwa mphotho yayikulu kwambiri ku Itiyopiya chifukwa chakupambana pankhondo - adalandira sabelo wagolide komanso chishango.
Nikolay Leontiev
30. Ku Ethiopia kuli fanizo la Moscow Tsar Cannon. Mfuti ya 70-ton yomwe siinaphulitsidwe ilibe kanthu kochita ndi Russian Tsar Cannon. Linaponyedwa ndi Aitiyopiya eniwo mu 1867. Nkhondo ya Crimea yatha posachedwa, komanso ku Africa yakutali, kulimba mtima kwa asitikali aku Russia komanso oyendetsa sitima omwe amatsutsana ndi Europe yonse.
