Mikhail Zoshchenko (1894 - 1958) anali m'modzi mwa olemba akulu achi Russia azaka za zana la 20. Mwamuna yemwe adadutsa mu World War Yoyamba ndi Civil War ndipo adavulala kwambiri, adakwanitsa kuti asakhumudwitse nthawi yatsopanoyo. Kuphatikiza apo, wamkulu wa gulu lankhondo tsarist adavomereza zosintha zomwe zidachitika mdzikolo pambuyo pa Great October Socialist Revolution ndikuwathandiza.
Zoshchenko amakhulupirira kuti anthu atsopano amafunikira kuti amange dziko latsopano. M'mabuku ake, adatsutsa zomwe Soviet Russia idalandira kuchokera ku Tsarist Russia. Wolemba mwamphamvu adakangana ndi anzawo omwe amakhulupirira kuti ndikofunikira kukweza maziko azinthu zachikhalidwe cha anthu, ndikusintha kwa miyoyo ya anthu kumangobwera yokha. Simungasinthe "mabokosi" amoyo wanu, Zoshchenko adakangana pamikangano yotere ndi anzawo.
Zoshchenko adalemba zolemba ngati wopanga chilankhulo chapadera, chapadera chowonetsera. Olemba pamaso pake amatha kuyambitsa zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana, ma jargons, argos, ndi zina zambiri m'nkhaniyi, koma Zoshchenko yekha ndi amene adapeza luso lotere polankhula mwanjira yomwe anthu ake nthawi zina amadzilongosola ndi mawu amodzi.
Tsogolo la wolemba linali chisoni. Ananyozedwa mopanda chilungamo ndi oyang'anira chipani, akumufooketsa thanzi lake, adakakamizidwa kulandila ndalama zilizonse ndikulandila thandizo lililonse, m'malo mopatsa owerenga zaluso zatsopano zanthabwala zake ...
1. Tikayang'ana m'mabuku a Zoshchenko, kulemba kuyambira ali mwana, ali ndi zaka 7 - 8. Poyamba adakopeka ndi ndakatulo, ndipo mu 1907 adalemba nkhani yake yoyamba "Odula". Zoshchenko adayamba kufalitsidwa pambuyo pa kusintha, kuyambira mu 1921. Zolembedwazo zili ndi nkhani zingapo zolembedwa mu 1914-1915.
2. Kuchokera m'mabuku omwewo mutha kuphunzira kuti Mikhail Zoshchenko anaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe, anamangidwa kasanu ndi kamodzi, anamenyedwa katatu komanso kawiri anayesera kudzipha.
3. Ali mwana, Zoshchenko adakumana ndi vuto lalikulu lamaganizidwe - bambo ake atamwalira, iye ndi amayi ake adapita kukafunafuna penshoni, koma adadzudzulidwa mwamphamvu ndi mkuluyo. Misha anali ndi nkhawa kwambiri kuti anali ndi mavuto amisala moyo wake wonse. Pa kukulitsa matenda, iye sakanakhoza kumeza chakudya, anakhala unsociable ndi kukwiya. Ankangotengeka ndi lingaliro la kudzidalira, kuyesetsa kofuna, kuchiritsa. Ngati mu unyamata wake ndi anthu ochepa omwe adalabadira izi, ndiye kuti atakalamba adalumikizana ndi Zoshchenko pafupifupi. Nkhani "Dzuwa Lisanatuluke", yomwe idakhala chifukwa chachikulu chodzudzulira wolemba, ili ndi nkhani zabodza-zasayansi zodzichiritsa zomwe zatchulidwa kwa akuluakulu mu psychology ndi physiology. M'zaka zomalizira za moyo wake, Zoshchenko adauza aliyense momwe adachiritsira yekha matenda amisala, ndipo atatsala pang'ono kumwalira, akuitanidwa ku chakudya chamadzulo, adadzitamandira kuti atha kutenga chakudya chochepa.
4. Kwa kanthawi Zoshchenko ankagwira ntchito yophunzitsa kuswana kwa kalulu ndi kuswana nkhuku ku famu ya boma ya Mankovo pafupi ndi Smolensk. Komabe, inali nthawi yozizira ya 1918/1919, chifukwa chogawa chakudya, anthu amapeza ntchito osati m'malo otere.
5. Mu 1919, Mikhail adalowa mu Literature Studio, komwe womuphunzitsa anali Korney Chukovsky. Malinga ndi pulogalamuyi, maphunzirowa adayamba ndikuwunika kovuta. Mwachidule, Zoshchenko adawonjezera mwachidule mayina a olemba ndi maudindo a ntchito. V. Mayakovsky amatchedwa "wolemba ndakatulo wopanda nthawi", A. Blok - "Knight Knight", ndi ntchito za Z. Gippius - "ndakatulo yopanda nthawi". Adatcha Lilya Brik ndi Chukovsky kuti "Literary pharmacists".
"Wolemba mankhwala wazolemba" Korney Chukovsky
6. Ku Literature Studio, Zoshchenko adaphunzira ndi Vladimir Pozner Sr., bambo wa mtolankhani wotchuka wakuwayilesi yakanema. Mkulu Posner anali asanakwanitse zaka 15 panthawiyo, koma malinga ndi zikumbukiro za "ophunzira" (monga adawatcha Chukovsky), anali mzimu wa kampaniyo komanso wolemba waluso kwambiri.
Makhalidwe mu Studio anali a demokalase kwambiri. Chukovsky atapempha wadi yake kuti alembe zolemba za ndakatulo ya Nadson, Zoshchenko adamubweretsera fanizo lazolemba zovuta za aphunzitsi. Chukovsky anawona kuti ntchitoyo yatha, ngakhale patangopita nthawi pang'ono Zoshchenko adapereka nkhaniyo.
8. Zoshchenko adadzipereka pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse. Nditamaliza sukulu ya apolisi, kutsogolo, nthawi yomweyo analandira kampani motsogozedwa, kenako battalion. Anapatsidwa mphoto kanayi. Munthawi yankhondo, Zoshchenko adaphedwa ndi mpweya. Poizoni uyu adakhudza ntchito yamtima.
9. Pambuyo pa Lamulo lodziwika bwino la 1 la Providenceal Government, maudindo onse ankhondo adasankhidwa. Asitikali asankha Wogwila Ntchito Wogwira Ntchito Zoshchenko ... dokotala woyang'anira - amayembekeza kuti woyang'anira wogwira ntchitoyo awapatsanso ziphaso zina zantchito yakudwala. Komabe, asirikali sananene molakwika.
10. Nkhani zoseketsa zomwe adawerenga Zoshchenko ku Nyumba Yaluso, komwe Studio idasunthira, zidachita bwino kwambiri. Tsiku lotsatira, nkhanizi zidasankhidwa kukhala ziganizo, ndipo ku House of Arts adangomva za "kusokoneza zipolowe", "kusintha", "mathalauza abwino" ndi mawu apadziko lonse "NN - wow, koma bastard!"
11. Pa nthawi yolemba ndi kusindikiza buku loyamba la Zoshchenko "The Tales of Nazar Ilyich la Mr. Sinebryukhov" ogwira ntchito zojambulazo adaseka kwambiri kotero kuti gawo lina la bukuli lidadzaza ndi zikuto za buku la K. Derzhavin "Treatises on the Tragic." 
12. Mwa olemba m'zaka za m'ma 1920 zinali zovomerezeka kuti agwirizane m'magulu, magulu, ndi ena. Mikhail Zoshchenko anali membala wa gulu la Abale a Serapion limodzi ndi Konstantin Fedin, Vsevolod Ivanov ndi olemba ena odziwika mtsogolo.
13. Zinthu zachuma ku USSR zitayamba kusintha ndikukonzanso kusindikiza mabuku, Zoshchenko adakhala m'modzi mwa olemba otchuka kwambiri. Oimira nyumba zosindikizira adamuthamangitsa, mabuku osindikizidwa adagulitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Mu 1929, ntchito zake zoyamba kusonkhanitsa zidasindikizidwa.
14. Zoshchenko sanasangalale pomwe mafani amamuzindikira mumsewu ndikumamufunsa mafunso. Nthawi zambiri amadzikhululukira chifukwa chowoneka ngati wolemba Zoshchenko, koma dzina lake lomaliza linali losiyana. Kutchuka kwa Zoshchenko kunakondweretsedwa ndi "ana a Lieutenant Schmidt" - anthu omwe amamuyesa iye. Titha kuthana ndi apolisi mosavuta, koma tsiku lina Zoshchenko adayamba kulandira makalata kuchokera kwa wochita sewero, yemwe akuti adachita naye chibwenzi paulendo wapamtunda wa Volga. Makalata angapo omwe wolemba adatsimikiza kuti woimbayo sanasinthe izi. Ndinayenera kutumiza dona wosachedwa kupsa mtima chithunzi.
Makhalidwe anthawiyo: anyantchoche ena adasamutsidwa kulowa m'nyumba ya Zoshchenko - ma mita owonjezera adapezeka kwa wolemba, yemwe adakondwera ndi kutchuka konse kwa Mgwirizano. ZHAKT (analogue wakale wa ZhEK) adatchedwa A. Gorky, ndipo wolemba wamkulu, yemwe panthawiyo amakhala pachilumba cha Capri, amakonda kwambiri ntchito za Zoshchenko. Adalemba kalata yopita kwa "Petrel of the Revolution". Gorky adalemba kalata yopita ku ZhAKT, momwe adayamika popatsa bungweli dzina lake ndikupempha kuti asapondereze wolemba wotchuka yemwe amakhala mnyumbamo. Anthu omwe adasamukira kwawo adapita kwawo tsiku lomwe ZhAKT adalandira kalata kuchokera ku Gorky.
16. Mkazi wa M. Zoshchenko, Vera, anali mwana wamkazi wa tsarist officer, ndipo mu 1924 "adatsukidwa" ku yunivesite, ngakhale adakwatiwa ndi kapitawo wamkulu wa gulu lankhondo la tsarist pomwe adalowa ku yunivesite. Tsitsi lochepa, lolankhula, komanso lofulumira kutcha mwamuna wake china "Mikhail".
17. Mu 1929, a Leningrad "Evening Krasnaya Gazeta" adachita kafukufuku, akufuna kuti adziwe yemwe anali munthu wokondedwa kwambiri komanso wotchuka mumzinda. Zoshchenko adapambana.
18. Pakubwera kutchuka ndi zolembalemba, banja la a Zoshchenko adasamukira m'nyumba yayikulu ndikuyipangira malinga ndi ndalama zawo. Wolemba Viktor Shklovsky, atabwera kukaona Zoshchenko, adawona mipando yakale, zojambula, zifanizo zadothi ndi ficus, adafuula kuti: "Palm!" ndipo adaonjezeranso kuti momwemonso nyumba za bourgeoisie zazing'ono, zomwedwa mwankhanza ndi Zoshchenko. Wolemba ndi mkazi wake adachita manyazi kwambiri.
19. Kutchuka kwa Zoshchenko kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mizere ya Mayakovsky: "Ndipo amakopeka ndi maso ake / Ndi Zoshchenko wamtundu wanji amene akukwatira".
20. M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, Zoshchenko amawoneka wotopetsa komanso wokhumudwitsa. Sanapange nthabwala ndipo amalankhula za zoseketsa kwambiri. Wolemba ndakatulo Mikhail Koltsov ankakonda kukonza misonkhano kunyumba ndi olemba nthabwala, koma ngakhale kwa iwo zinali zovuta kupeza ngakhale mawu kuchokera ku Zoshchenko. Pambuyo pa umodzi mwamisonkhanoyi, mu chimbale chapadera chomwe Koltsov adasunga kuti oseketsa alembe ngale zawo zodziwika bwino, pali mawu olembedwa ndi dzanja la Zoshchenko: "Ndinali. Anakhala chete kwa maola 4. Zapita ".
21. Mikhail Zoshchenko adasewera, ngati ma nthabwala amakono, ndi makonsati. Khalidwe lake lidamukumbutsanso za Semyon Altov - adawerenga nkhani mwamtheradi popanda mawu, mozama komanso mwachikondi.
22. Anali Mikhail Zoshchenko yemwe adamasulira kuchokera mu buku la Chifinishi la Maya Lassila "Behind the Matches", lomwe lidagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga kanema wabwino kwambiri ku USSR.
23. Munthawi Ya Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lanu, Mikhail Zoshchenko adayesetsa kudzipereka kukamenya nkhondo, koma adakanidwa pazifukwa zathanzi. Mwa kulamula, adasamutsidwa kuchoka ku Leningrad kupita ku Alma-Ata. Kale mu 1943 adabwerera ku Moscow, adagwira ntchito ya magazini ya Krokodil ndikulemba zisudzo.
24. Kuzunzidwa komwe kunachitika kwa a M. Zoshchenko ndi A. Akhmatova mu 1946 pambuyo pa Chisankho cha Ogasiti pamamagazini a "Zvezda" ndi "Leningrad" salemekeza akuluakulu aku Soviet Union. Sizifukwa ngakhale podzudzula mosasankha - olemba okha adadzilola okha osati ayi. Zoshchenko adaimbidwa mlandu wobisala kumbuyo kunkhondo komanso kulemba zikwangwani zaku Soviet Union, ngakhale zinali zodziwika bwino kuti adachotsedwa ku Leningrad mwa lamulo, ndipo nkhani yoti "The Adventures of Monkey", momwe akuti adanyoza zenizeni zaku Soviet Union, idalembedwa ana. Kwa aparatchiks polimbana ndi gulu la Leningrad, bast iliyonse idakhala pamzere, ndipo Akhmatova ndi Zoshchenko adakhala ngati mchenga womwe udagwidwa pakati pa magiya akuluakulu. Kwa Mikhail Zoshchenko, kuzunzidwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwenikweni m'mabuku zinali ngati mfuti m'kachisi. Pambuyo pa Lamuloli, adakhala zaka 12, koma iyi inali zaka zakutha kwachete. Chikondi chadziko mwachangu kwambiri chidasanduka chikumbukiro chadziko. Anzake apamtima sanasiye wolemba.
25. Miyezi ingapo Zoshchenko atamwalira, Chukovsky adamuwonetsa kwa wolemba wachichepere. Mawu omwe Mikhail Mikhailovich adagawana ndi mnzake wachinyamata anali motere: "Zolemba ndizopanga zoopsa, zofanana ndi zoyipa pakupanga zoyera zoyera".
