Zima ndi nyengo yotsutsana. Nyengo yozizira yaku Russia idayimbidwa bwino ndi Alexander Pushkin. Kuphatikiza apo, nyengo yachisanu yakhala nthawi yatchuthi chosangalatsa kwambiri kuyambira kalekale. Onse akulu akulu ndi ana akuyembekezera Chaka Chatsopano komanso kumapeto kwa sabata komanso tchuthi chokhudzana ndi tsikuli ndi Khrisimasi mosaleza mtima mofanana.
Kumbali inayi, nyengo yozizira ndi yozizira komanso mavuto okhudzana ndi chimfine, kufunika kovala zovala zotentha komanso zolipira ndi zovuta zina. Tsikuli m'nyengo yozizira ndilofupikiranso kumadera aku Europe mdzikolo, osatchulanso madera apamwamba, omwe nawonso sawonjezerapo chisangalalo. Ngati kukugwa chisanu, ndiye vuto lonyamula. Thaw ibwera - chilichonse chimamira m'madzi ndi phala lonyansa la chisanu ...
Mwanjira ina iliyonse, nyengo yozizira imakhalapo, ngakhale m'njira zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zina zovuta, nthawi zina zoseketsa.
1. Zima si December, Januware ndi February. M'malo mwake, tanthauzo ili ndilothandiza, koma makamaka ku Northern Hemisphere. Kummwera kwa dziko lapansi, nthawi yozizira ndi yomwe timaganiza ngati miyezi yachilimwe. Moyenera, idzafotokozera nyengo yozizira m'chilengedwe ngati nthawi pakati pa chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira kapena ngati nyengo yozizira kwambiri.
Ku Brazil, matalala, ngati zichitika, ndi mu Julayi
2. Zima sizimachokera pakusintha kwa mtunda kuchokera ku Dziko lapansi kupita ku Dzuwa. Kuzungulira kwa Dziko lapansi ndikokongola pang'ono, koma makilomita 5 miliyoni kusiyana pakati pa perihelion ndi aphelion (mtunda waukulu kwambiri komanso wocheperako ku Sun) sangatenge gawo lalikulu. Koma kupendekera kwa 23.5 ° kwa olamulira a dziko lapansi polemekeza zowonekera, ngati tiyerekeza nyengo nyengo yapakatikati yozizira ndi chilimwe, ndiyolimba kwambiri. Dzuwa limawala pansi pamtunda woyandikana ndi mzere wowongoka - tili ndi chilimwe. Amagwa tangentially - tili ndi dzinja. Pa dziko Uranus, chifukwa cha kupendekera kwa olamulira (ndi kuposa 97 °), pali nyengo ziwiri zokha - chilimwe ndi dzinja, ndipo akhala zaka 42.
3. Nyengo yozizira kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi Yakut. Ku Yakutia, ikhoza kuyamba pakati pa Seputembala. Kukhazikika kozizira kwambiri padziko lapansi komwe kuli anthu osatha kulinso ku Yakutia. Amatchedwa Oymyakon. Apa kutentha kunali -77.8 ° С, "osati nyengo yozizira" - dzina lakomweko - limakhala kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka pakati pa Seputembala, ndipo ana samapita kusukulu pokhapokha ngati chisanu chili champhamvu kuposa -60 ° С.
Anthu amakhala ndikugwira ntchito ku Oymyakon
4. Kutentha kotsika kwambiri padziko lapansi kunalembedwa ku Antarctica. M'dera lama polar yaku Japan, thermometer nthawi ina idawonetsa -91.8 ° C.
5. Kuthambo, nyengo yozizira ku Northern Hemisphere imayamba pa Disembala 22 ndikutha pa Marichi 21. Kwa antipode, nyengo yozizira imayamba pa June 22 ndipo imatha pa Seputembara 21.
6. nyengo yozizira ndi wachibale kwambiri mwa mawu a kuposa zakuthambo. M'madera omwe Russia amapezeka, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira kumatengedwa ngati tsiku lomwe kutentha kwa mpweya sikunapitirire 0 ° С. Zima zimathera pomwe kutentha komweko kudabwereranso.
7. Pali lingaliro loti "nyukiliya yozizira" - kuzizira kosalekeza komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuphulika kwakukulu kwa nyukiliya. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso chomwe chidapangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, ma megatoni a mwaye wokwezedwa m'mlengalenga ndi kuphulika kwa atomiki amachepetsa kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi kuwala. Kutentha kwa mpweya kudzatsikira kuzinthu za Ice Age, zomwe zidzakhala tsoka kwaulimi komanso nyama zamtchire. M'zaka zaposachedwa, lingaliro la "nyengo yachisanu ya zida za nyukiliya" ladzudzulidwa ndi onse okhulupirira zabwino komanso osaganizira chilichonse. Zina mwazizindikiro za nyengo yozizira ya nyukiliya pokumbukira anthu zidakhalapo kale - mu 1815, pakuphulika kwa phiri la Tambor ku Indonesia, fumbi lambiri lidalowa mumlengalenga mwakuti chaka chamawa ku Europe ndi America adatchedwa "chaka chopanda chilimwe". Zaka mazana awiri m'mbuyomo, zaka zitatu zozizira modabwitsa zomwe zidachitika chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa mapiri ku South America zidadzetsa njala ndi chipolowe pandale ku Russia. Mavuto Akulu anayamba, amene anatsala pang'ono kutha mu imfa ya boma.
8. Pali lingaliro lofala kuti m'nyengo yozizira ya 1941 asitikali aku Germany akadatenga Moscow zikadapanda "General Frost" - nyengo yozizira inali yayikulu kwambiri kotero kuti azungu omwe sanazolowere nyengo yozizira komanso zida zawo sakanatha kumenya nkhondo. Nyengo yozizira imeneyi ndiimodzi mwazigawo khumi zoyipa kwambiri m'chigawo cha Russia mzaka za CC, koma nyengo yozizira kwambiri idayamba kale mu Januwale 1942, pomwe Ajeremani adabwezeretsedwanso ku Moscow. Disembala 1941, pomwe ku Red Army kudachitika, kunali kofatsa - pansi -10 ° C kutentha kudatsika m'masiku ochepa.
Sanachenjezedwe za chisanu
9. Monga machitidwe akuwonetsera, ku Russia kwamakono tsoka silovuta, koma nyengo yozizira yosakhazikika. Zima 2011/2012 ndichitsanzo chabwino. Mu Disembala, zotsatira za mvula yozizira idali yowopsa: makilomita masauzande a mawaya osweka, unyinji wa mitengo yomwe idagwa, komanso kuwonongeka kwa anthu. Kumapeto kwa Januware, kudayamba kuzizira kwambiri, kuzizira kudangokhala pansi -20 ° C, koma palibe choopsa kwambiri chomwe chidachitika ku Russia. M'mayiko oyandikana ndi nyengo yotentha (komanso kuzungulira Russia mayiko onse okhala ndi nyengo yotentha), anthu adazizidwa mpaka kufa m'mazambiri.
Mvula yozizira nthawi zambiri imakhala yoopsa kuposa chisanu choopsa
10. M'nyengo yozizira 2016/2017, chipale chofewa chinagwa m'malo osowa kwambiri chifukwa cha chipale chofewa. Zisumbu zina za ku Hawaii zidakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa pafupifupi mita imodzi. Izi zisanachitike, okhalamo amangoona chipale chofewa chimangokhala kumapiri. Chipale chofewa chinagwa ku Algeria m'chipululu cha Sahara, Vietnam ndi Thailand. Kuphatikiza apo, chipale chofewa chinagwa m'maiko awiri omaliza kumapeto kwa Disembala, ndiye kuti, mkati mwa chilimwe, zomwe zidadzetsa zotsatira zoyipa pa ulimi.
Chipale chofewa ku Sahara
11. Chipale chofewa sichikhala choyera nthawi zonse. Ku America, nthawi zina matalala ofiira amagwa - amadetsedwa ndi alga omwe amatchedwa Chlamydomonas. Matalala ofiira amakoma ngati chivwende. Mu 2002, chipale chofewa chamitundu ingapo chinagwa pa Kamchatka - mvula yamkuntho yamakilomita masauzande ambiri kuchokera pachilumbachi idakweza fumbi ndi mchenga m'mlengalenga, ndipo zidapanga zidutswa za chipale chofewa. Koma mu 2007 okhala mdera la Omsk atawona chipale chofewa cha lalanje, sizinatheke kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa mtunduwo.
12. Masewera otchuka kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira ndi hockey. Koma ngati zaka makumi angapo zapitazo hockey inali mwayi wamayiko omwe amadziwika kuti ndi nyengo yozizira, tsopano hockey ya ayisi - ngakhale ngakhale akatswiri - imaseweredwa m'maiko osakhala achisanu monga Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Morocco.
13. Nkhondo yoyamba komanso yokhayo pakati pa asitikali ankhondo ndi navy idachitika nthawi yozizira ya 1795 panjira ya mzinda wa Dutch wa Den Helder. Nyengo yozizira idachitika modetsa nkhawa kwambiri, ndipo zombo zaku Dutch zidazizidwa mu ayezi. Atazindikira izi, aku France adayambitsa zombo usiku. Atakulunga nsapato za mahatchi ndi nsanza, adatha kuyandikira zombozo mobisa. Wokwera pamahatchi aliwonse ananyamulanso munthu wapansi. Asitikali a gulu lankhondo la hussar ndi gulu lankhondo lankhondo loyenda lankhondo adalanda zombo zankhondo 14 ndi zombo zingapo zoperekeza.
Epic nkhondo
14. Ngakhale chisanu chaching'ono, chikasungunuka, chimapereka madzi abwino kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati pa hekitala imodzi ya nthaka pali chipale chofewa 1 cm, chitasungunuka, dziko lapansi lidzalandira pafupifupi ma cubic mita 30 a madzi - theka la galimoto yamatangi.
15. California - dzikoli silikhala dzuwa lokha, komanso chisanu. Mu mzinda wa Silverlake mu 1921, chipale chofewa chinagwa mamita 1.93 patsiku. California imasunganso mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi ya kuchuluka kwa chipale chofewa chomwe chimagwa nthawi imodzi. Pa Phiri la Shesta mu 1959, matalala a 4.8 adagwa sabata lathunthu lamvumbi. United States ili ndi zolemba zina ziwiri zachisanu. Mu mzinda wa Browning (Montana) usiku wa Januware 23-24, 1916, kutentha kudatsika ndi 55.5 ° C. Ndipo ku South Dakota, mumzinda wa Spearfish m'mawa wa Januware 22, 1943, idatentha nthawi yomweyo ndi 27 °, kuyambira -20 ° mpaka + 7 ° С.
