Lev Sergeevich Nthawi - Wopanga Soviet, mainjiniya wamagetsi komanso woimba. Mlengi wa theremin - chida chamagetsi chamagetsi.
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Leo Termen, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, musanakhale ndi mbiri yayifupi ya Lev Termen.
Mbiri ya Lev Termen
Lev Theremin adabadwa pa Ogasiti 15 (28), 1896 ku St. Iye anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja la loya wotchuka Sergei Emilievich ndi mkazi wake Yevgenia Antonovna.
Banja la a Theremin linali la banja lolemekezeka lomwe linali ndi mizu yaku France.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Kuyambira ali mwana, makolo amayesetsa kuphunzitsa Leo kukonda nyimbo komanso sayansi zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi yomweyo mu mbiri yake, mnyamatayo amaphunzira kusewera cello.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti m'nyumba ya a Theremins munali labotale yafizikiki, ndipo patapita kanthawi chipinda chowonera chinawoneka.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, Lev anayamba maphunziro ake pa malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi achimuna, komwe adalandira mendulo zonse. Ali kusekondale, adawonetsa chidwi ndi fizikiya. Monga wophunzira wa 4, adawonetsa mosavuta "mtundu wamtundu wa Tesla."
Ali ndi zaka 18, Lev Theremin adamaliza maphunziro awo kusekondale ndi mendulo ya siliva.
Mu 1916, mnyamatayo adaphunzira ku St. Petersburg Conservatory, kalasi ya cello. Nthawi yomweyo adaphunzira ku Petrograd University ku department of Physics and Mathematics.
M'chaka chachiwiri cha maphunziro awo ku yunivesite, a Lev adayitanidwa kuti adzagwire ntchito. Okutobala kwa Okutobala kwa 1917 adamupeza ali paudindo woyang'anira wamkulu wa battalion wamagetsi osungira magetsi.
Pambuyo pa kusinthaku, Theremin adatumizidwa ku labotale yankhondo yaku Moscow.
Zochita zasayansi
Ali ndi zaka 23, Lev adakhala mutu wa labotale ya Physico-technical Institute ku Petrograd. Anali kuchita nawo ziwonetsero zamagetsi zamagetsi nthawi zonse pamavuto osiyanasiyana komanso kutentha.
Mu 1920, zochitika zazikulu zidachitika mu mbiri ya Lev Termen, yomwe mtsogolomo idzamubweretsera kutchuka kwakukulu. Wopanga wachinyamata uja adapanga Thereminvox, chida chamagetsi chamagetsi.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, theremin ndi zina zatsopano za Lev Sergeevich zinaperekedwa pawonetsero ku Kremlin.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Lenin atadziwana ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka chida champhamvu, adayesa kusewera "Lark" ya Glinka.
Lev Theremin ndi mlembi wazida zambiri, kuphatikiza machitidwe osiyanasiyana, ma alamu ndi makanema apa TV - "Far Vision".
Mu 1927, wasayansi waku Russia adapemphedwa kuti akawonetsere nyimbo ku Germany. Zomwe adachita zidadzutsa chidwi chachikulu ndipo posakhalitsa zidamupangitsa kudziwika padziko lonse lapansi.
Pambuyo pake a Termin anaphulitsidwa mwapadera ndi mayitanidwe kukayimba m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ku Europe. Theremin amatchedwa "nyimbo za mafunde etheric", zomwe zimakhudza madera onse amlengalenga.
Chidacho chinadabwitsa omvera ndi matabwa ake, omwe nthawi yomweyo amafanana ndi mphepo, zingwe komanso mawu amunthu.
Nthawi yaku America
Mu 1928, Lev Theremin adapita ku America, komwe posakhalitsa adalandira ma patenti a themin ndi chitetezo cha wolemba. Anagulitsa ufulu ku chida champhamvu ku RCA.
Pambuyo pake, wopangayo adayambitsa Teletouch ndi Theremin Studio, ndikubwereka nyumba yosanjikiza 6 yomwe ili ku New York. Izi zidalola kuti ntchito zamalonda zaku Soviet Union zipangidwe ku United States, komwe oyang'anira zanzeru zaku Russia amatha kugwira ntchito.
Pa mbiri ya 1931-1938. Theremin adapanga ma alamu a ndende za Sing Sing ndi Alcatraz.
Kutchuka kwa akatswiri aku Russia kudafalikira ku America konse. Anthu ambiri otchuka anali ofunitsitsa kuti adziwe za iye, kuphatikiza a Charlie Chaplin ndi a Albert Einstein. Kuphatikiza apo, amadziwana bwino ndi bilionea a John Rockefeller komanso Purezidenti wamtsogolo waku America a Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Kupondereza ndikugwirira ntchito KGB
Mu 1938 Lev Termen adakumbukiridwa ku USSR. Pasanathe chaka, adamangidwa ndikukakamizidwa kuvomereza kuti akuti adachita nawo kupha Sergei Kirov.
Zotsatira zake, Termen adaweruzidwa kuti akhale m'ndende zaka zisanu ndi zitatu m'migodi yagolide. Poyamba, adakhala ku Magadan, akugwira ntchito yoyang'anira wamkulu wa zomangamanga.
Posakhalitsa, malingaliro ndi malingaliro amalingaliro a Lev Sergeevich adakopa chidwi cha oyang'anira ndende, omwe adaganiza zotumiza wamndendeyo ku Tupolev design Bureau TsKB-29.
Theremin adagwira pano pafupifupi zaka 8. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti wothandizira wake anali Sergei Korolev yemweyo, yemwe m'tsogolomu adzakhala wopanga wotchuka waukadaulo wamlengalenga.
Panthawiyo, a Theremin ndi Korolev anali kugwira ntchito yopanga ma drones olamulidwa ndi wailesi.
Lev Sergeevich ndiye mlembi wa pulogalamu yotchera khutu yotchedwa "Buran", yomwe imawerenga zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito kuwunikira kwa magalasi pamawindo amchipinda chomvera.
Kuphatikiza apo, wasayansi adapanga njira ina yotchera makutu - Zlatoust endovibrator. Sizinkafunika mphamvu chifukwa zidakhazikitsidwa pamawu omveka bwino.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti "Zlatoust" wagwira bwino ntchito ku cabinet ya akazembe aku America kwazaka 7. Chipangizocho chidakwezedwa pagulu lamatabwa lomwe limapachikidwa pamakoma amodzi a kazembe.
Endovirator idapezeka kokha mu 1952, pomwe aku America kwazaka zingapo sanathe kudziwa momwe zimagwirira ntchito.
Mu 1947, injiniya adakonzedwanso, koma adapitilizabe kugwira ntchito zotsekedwa motsogozedwa ndi NKVD.
Zaka zotsatira
Pa mbiri ya 1964-1967. Lev Termen adagwira ntchito mu labotale ya Moscow Conservatory, ndikupanga zida zatsopano zamagetsi.
Nthawi ina, wotsutsa nyimbo waku America Harold Schonberg, yemwe adabwera ku malo ovomerezeka, adawona Theremin pamenepo.
Atafika ku United States, wotsutsayo adauza atolankhani za msonkhano ndi wopanga zinthu waku Russia yemwe anali ndi udindo wapakatikati. Posakhalitsa nkhaniyi inalembedwa pamasamba a New York Times, zomwe zinadzetsa mphepo yamkuntho pakati pa utsogoleri wa Soviet.
Chifukwa, situdiyo situdiyo anatseka, ndi zida zake zonse zinawonongedwa ndi nkhwangwa.
Pamafunika khama lalikulu, Theremin adatha kupeza ntchito ku labotale ku Moscow State University. Kumeneko anakamba nkhani, ndipo adawonetsanso omvera ake masewera ake.
Nthawi imeneyi, Leo anapitiriza kuchita mobisa kafukufuku.
Mu Marichi 1991, wasayansi wazaka 95 adalengeza kuti akufuna kulowa nawo CPSU. Iye anafotokoza izi ndi mawu otsatirawa: "Ndinalonjeza Lenin."
Chaka chotsatira, gulu laomwe adalowa m'malo mwake adasanthula labotale ya Theremin, ndikuwononga zida zake zonse ndikubera gawo la mapulani. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti apolisi sanakwanitse kutsatira zigawengazi.
Moyo waumwini
Mkazi woyamba wa Theremin anali mtsikana wotchedwa Ekaterina Konstantinovna. Muukwatiwu, banjali silinakhale ndi ana.
Pambuyo pake, Lev Sergeevich anakwatira Lavinia Williams, yemwe ankagwira ntchito yovina mu ballet ya Negro. Mgwirizanowu, palibe mwana m'modzi yemwe adabadwa.
Mkazi wachitatu wa wopangayo anali Maria Gushchina, yemwe adabereka atsikana awiri - Natalia ndi Elena.
Imfa
Lev Sergeevich Termen anamwalira pa Novembala 3, 1993 ali ndi zaka 97. Mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake, adakhalabe wolimba komanso nthabwala kuti anali wosafa.
Kuti atsimikizire izi, wasayansi uja adanenanso kuti awerenge dzina lake kwina: "Theremin samafa."
Chithunzi ndi Lev Termen
