Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) - Mtsogoleri wankhondo waku Italiya, wosintha, wandale komanso wolemba. Ngwazi Yadziko Lonse ku Italy.
Pali zolemba zambiri za Garibaldi, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Giuseppe Garibaldi.
Mbiri ya Garibaldi
Giuseppe Garibaldi adabadwa pa Julayi 4, 1807 mumzinda waku Nice waku France. Anakulira m'banja la wamkulu wa sitima yaying'ono Domenico Garibaldi ndi mkazi wake Maria Rosa Nicoletta Raimondi, yemwe anali Mkatolika wodzipereka.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Ali mwana, Giuseppe adaphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba ndi azipembedzo awiri, popeza amayi ake amalota kuti mtsogolo mwana wawo adzakhala wophunzira waku seminare. Komabe, mwanayo sankafuna kuphatikiza moyo wake ndi chipembedzo.
M'malo mwake, Garibaldi adalakalaka kukhala wapaulendo. Atapita kusukulu, sanasangalale ndi maphunziro ake. Ndipo popeza anali mwana wofunitsitsa kudziwa, amakonda ntchito za olemba osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza Dante, Petrarch, Machiavelli, Walter Scott, Byron, Homer ndi ena akale.
Kuphatikiza apo, Giuseppe adawonetsa chidwi chachikulu m'mbiri yankhondo. Amakonda kuphunzira za akazembe odziwika komanso zomwe achita. Amayankhula Chitaliyana, Chifalansa, Chingerezi ndi Chispanya. Anayesetsanso kulemba ndakatulo zake zoyambirira.
Ali wachinyamata, Garibaldi anali kamnyamata kakanyumba pazombo zamalonda. Popita nthawi, adakwera kukhala wamkulu wa woyendetsa wamalonda. Mnyamatayo ankakonda nyanja ndipo sanadandaule kuti adalumikiza moyo wake ndi nyanja.
Ntchito yankhondo komanso ndale
Mu 1833 Giuseppe adalowa nawo gulu la Young Italy. Adapempha anthu kuti apandukire ku Genoa, zomwe zidakwiyitsa boma. Anayenera kuchoka mdzikolo ndikubisala pansi pa dzina lodziwika ku Tunisia kenako ku Marseille.
Patatha zaka ziwiri, Garibaldi adakwera chombo kupita ku Brazil. Pakukula kwa nkhondo ku Republic of Rio Grande, adakwera mobwerezabwereza zombo zankhondo. Woyang'anira wamkuluyo adalamulira flotilla ya Purezidenti Bento Gonsalvis ndipo adatchuka kwambiri ku South America.
Mu 1842, Giuseppe, pamodzi ndi anthu amalingaliro ofanana, adakhala gulu lankhondo ku Uruguay, kutenga nawo gawo pachitetezo cha boma. Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa Papa Pius IX, wamkuluyo adaganiza zopita ku Roma, akukhulupirira kuti Italy ikufuna thandizo lake.
Mu nthawi ya 1848-1849. Chisinthiko cha ku Italiya chidakwiya, ndikutsatiridwa ndi Nkhondo yaku Austro-Italy. Garibaldi mwamsanga anasonkhanitsa gulu la okonda dziko lawo omwe anafuna kuti apite nawo kukamenyana ndi a Austrian.
Zochita za atsogoleri achipembedzo achikatolika zidakakamiza Giuseppe kuganiziranso malingaliro ake andale. Izi zidapangitsa kuti apange bungwe lolanda boma ku Roma, kulengeza dongosolo la Republican. Posakhalitsa adakhala ngwazi yadziko lonse ku Italy.
Pomaliza, pakati pa 1848, Papa adadzitengera mphamvu, chifukwa chake Garibaldi adathawira kumpoto. Komabe, woukirayo sanataye lingaliro lakupitiliza kukana.
Zaka khumi pambuyo pake, nkhondo yoti Italy igwirizane idayamba, pomwe Giuseppe adamenya nkhondo ngati wamkulu wa asirikali azilumba za Sardinian. Mazana a adaniwo anaphedwa motsogozedwa ndi iye. Zotsatira zake, Milan ndi Lombardy adakhala gawo la Sardinian Kingdom, ndipo Garibaldi pambuyo pake adasankhidwa kukhala nyumba yamalamulo.
Mu 1860, pamsonkhano wanyumba yamalamulo, bambo wina anakana udindo wa wachiwiri ndi wamkulu, akufotokoza kuti Cavour adamupanga kukhala mlendo ku Roma. Posakhalitsa anakhala wolamulira mwankhanza wa Sicily, yemwe sanafune kukhala mbali yadzikolo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti atavulala pankhondo ku Aspromot, dokotala waku Russia Nikolai Pirogov adapulumutsa moyo wa Giuseppe. Asitikali a Garibaldi adayesa kangapo kulanda Roma, koma zoyesayesa zonsezi sizinapambane.
Pomaliza, wamkuluyo adamangidwa ndikusamutsidwira ku chilumba cha Caprera. Munthawi ya ukapolo wake, adalembera anzawo, komanso adalemba zolemba zingapo pamutu wankhondo yankhondo. Wotchuka kwambiri anali buku la Clelia, kapena Government of the ansembe.
Pochita nkhondo yapakati pa boma la Germany ndi France, Giuseppe adamasulidwa, pambuyo pake adalowa nawo gulu lankhondo la Napoleon III. Anthu amakono adanena kuti Garibaldi adamenya nkhondo molimba mtima motsutsana ndi Ajeremani, omwe adadziwika ndi akuluakulu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, osati nzika zokhazokha, komanso otsutsa adalankhula za Giuseppe ndi ulemu. Pamsonkhano wa National Assembly, wolemba waku France a Victor Hugo adati izi: "... mwa akazembe onse omwe adamenya nkhondo ku France, ndiye yekhayo amene sanagonjetsedwe."
Garibaldi anasiya udindo wa wachiwiri, komanso kuti atsogolere gulu lankhondo. Pambuyo pake, adapatsidwanso wachiwiri kwa mpando, koma wamkuluyo adakaniranso izi. Makamaka, adati adzawoneka ngati "chomera chachilendo" kunyumba yamalamulo.
Giuseppe atapatsidwa ndalama zapenshoni, adakana, koma pambuyo pake adasintha malingaliro, popeza anali pamavuto azachuma. Nthawi yomweyo adapereka ndalama zambiri zachifundo.
Moyo waumwini
Mkazi woyamba wa wosinthayo anali Anna Maria di Jesús Ribeira, yemwe adakumana naye ku Brazil. M'banja ili, atsikana awiri adabadwa - Teresa ndi Rosa, ndi anyamata awiri - Menotti ndi Riccioti. Anna adatengako gawo pankhondo yolimbana ndi Roma, kenako akumwalira ndi malungo.
Pambuyo pake, Garibaldi adakwatirana ndi Giuseppina Raimondi, koma mgwirizanowu udatha zaka 19 pambuyo pake. Atachotsa mkazi wake, adapita ku Francesca Armosino, kutenga mwana wamwamuna ndi wamkazi atabadwa ukwati usanachitike.
Giuseppe anali ndi mwana wapathengo, Anna Maria, wa Battistina Ravello. Anamwalira ali ndi zaka 16 kuchokera ku meningitis. Olemba mbiri ya Garibaldi akuti anali pachibwenzi ndi olemekezeka Paolina Pepoli ndi Emma Roberts, komanso wosintha Jesse White.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti wolemba Ellis Melena nthawi zambiri amapereka thandizo la ndalama kwa wamkulu, monga umboni wa zomwe zidatsalira. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti Giuseppe anali membala wa malo ogona a Masonic, komwe anali katswiri wa "Great East of Italy".
Imfa
Atatsala pang'ono kumwalira, Garibaldi wodwala kwambiri adapita ku Sicily, komwe kudatsimikiziranso kutchuka kwake pakati pa anthu wamba aku Italiya.
Giuseppe Garibaldi anamwalira pa June 2, 1882 ali ndi zaka 74. Amayi ake amasiye ndi ana ang'onoang'ono amapatsidwa ndalama zapachaka za 10,000 lire ndi boma.
Zithunzi za Garibaldi
