Cathedral ya St. Basil Wodalitsika, malinga ndi mbiri yakale, amatchedwa Cathedral of the Intercession of the Holy Holy Theotokos on the Moat, sadziwika kuti Intercession. Zili ngati chipilala chotchuka kwambiri osati ku likulu la Russia kokha, komanso kudera lonse.
Ntchito yomanga Cathedral ya St. Basil
Mbiri yakukhazikitsidwa kwa kachisi wamkulu womangidwa pa Red Square, wokhala ndi nyumba zoyambirira, ili ndi zaka pafupifupi zisanu. Cathedral posachedwa idakondwerera chikondwerero cha 456th chodzipatulira.
Ili pafupi kwambiri ndi Spassky Gate, idamangidwa ku Moscow m'zaka za zana la 16 atalamulidwa ndi Ivan the Terrible, yemwe amalamulira boma panthawiyi. Ntchito yomanga kachisiyo idakhala yoyamika kwa wolamulirayo pomaliza bwino kampeni yaku Kazan, komwe adalumikiza tanthauzo lalikulu la dziko, ndikugonjetsa Kazan Khanate.
Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, amfumu adayamba kumanga tchalitchi chamiyala mothandizidwa ndi Metropolitan Macarius, yemwe anali Woyera wa Moscow. Yotsirizira ndi ya kufotokoza ndi lingaliro la kapangidwe kamangidwe ka kachisi kamangidwe pambuyo pake.
M'malemba akale, dzina la Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God, lomwe limatanthauza kachisi wamatabwa, likuwonekera koyamba mu 1554. Malinga ndi ofufuza, m'zaka za zana la 16th, Tchalitchi cha Utatu chinali pafupi ndi ngalande yoteteza yozungulira Kremlin.
M'manda mmbali mwa guwa lansembe mu 1551, kutsatira chifuniro cha wolamulira, adayika wopusa wopusa wa Basil, yemwe anali ndi mphatso yoyang'anira. Anali pamalo ofunikira kwambiri kwa okhulupirira kuti ntchito yayikulu yomanga mwala idayamba. Zotsalira za amene pothawirapo pake pomaliza zidakhala zozizwitsa zambiri pambuyo pake zidasamutsidwa kumakoma a kachisi, yemwe adalandira dzina lachiwiri la Cathedral ya St. Basil.
Zinatenga zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kuti amange Cathedral of St. Basil Wodalitsika, yochitika kokha m'miyezi yotentha. Ntchito zambiri zomanga zidamalizidwa bwino kumapeto kwa 1559. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, pa Julayi 12, Metropolitan Macarius adapatulira yekha tchalitchi chake chachikulu, chotchedwa Intercession.
Wojambula: chowonadi cha mbiriyakale ndi nthano
Cathedral of the Intercession yakhala ikumangidwa kwa zaka zingapo. Ndipo lero pali mikangano yovuta pakati pa asayansi yokhudza mayina amisiri omwe akumanga. Kwa nthawi yayitali, panali mtundu woti ntchito yomanga kachisiyo idaperekedwa ndi tsar kwa ambuye awiri aku Russia - Barma ndi Postnik Yakovlev.
Pali nthano yonena kuti mfumu, yomwe sinkafuna amisiri aluso kuti apange kachisi wina, wopambana kuposa izi, kubwereza kalembedwe kameneka, adalamula kuti awatse khungu omangawo.
Komabe, akatswiri amakono amakhulupirira kuti kumanga tchalitchi chachikulu ndi ntchito ya mbuye mmodzi - Ivan Yakovlevich Barma, yemwenso amadziwika kuti dzina loti Postnik. Zikalata zikusonyeza kuti anali mlembi wa mapulani a zomangamanga, malinga ndi zomwe Kremlin idamangidwa ku Kazan, m'matchalitchi akuluakulu ku Sviyazhsk komanso likulu lokha.
Chiyambi cha ntchito yomanga
Cathedral ya St. Basil imayimilidwa ndi mipingo isanu ndi inayi yomangidwa pa maziko amodzi. Malinga ndi omwe amapanga mapulaniwo, ili ndi tchalitchi chomwe chili pakatikati pa nyumba ya njerwa, yozunguliridwa ndi timipata tina eyiti. Mipingo yonse imagwirizanitsidwa wina ndi mzake ndi magawo amkati okhala ndi zotchingira. Pamaziko, zomata komanso zomata zokongoletsa chapatsogolo, adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito mwala woyera.
Chaputala chapakati chidamangidwa polemekeza Chitetezo cha Amayi a Mulungu. Izi zikugwirizana ndi chochitika chofunikira kwambiri: linga lachifumu la Kazan lidawombedwa molunjika pa holideyi. Mpingo womwe ukulamulira ena onse uli ndi hema wapamwamba pamwamba.
Asanachitike kusintha kwa 1917, komwe kunasintha dongosolo la boma, zovuta zinali ndi timipata 11:
- Chapakati kapena Pokrovsky.
- Vostochny kapena Troitsky.
- Kutha kwa Alexander Svirsky.
- Wodzipereka kwa Nicholas Wonderworker.
- Ili kumwera chakumadzulo, yemwe anali Varlaam Khutynsky.
- Kumadzulo kapena Kulowa Yerusalemu.
- Kumpoto chakumadzulo moyang'anizana.
- Kuyang'ana kumpoto
- Anadalira John Wachifundo.
- Wokhazikitsidwa pamalo ampumulo wa wodalitsika, wotchedwa John
- Omangidwa mu cholumikizira chapadera mu 1588, chapelilo pamwamba pamanda a Basil Wodala womwalirayo.
Zonse, malinga ndi lingaliro la wopanga mapulaniwo, nsanja zam'mbali zamatchalitchi zokutidwa ndi zipinda zamkati ndizovala nyumba zomwe ndizosiyana. Gulu loyanjana lamatchalitchi olumikizana ndi thupi la St. Basil's Cathedral limatha ndi belfry yotseguka yamahema atatu. Khoma lake lililonse linali ndi belu lalikulu kwambiri.
Katswiri wamapangidweyu adasankha mwanzeru, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ateteze tchalitchi cha tchalitchi ku mphepo yamlengalenga kwazaka zambiri. Kuti izi zitheke, makoma a tchalitchichi adakutidwa ndi utoto wofiira ndi woyera, motero amatsanzira njerwa. Zomwe nyumba za tchalitchi chachikulu zidakutidwa ndi zomwe sizikudziwikabe masiku ano, popeza kachisi wawo adatayika chifukwa cha moto womwe udabuka mumzinda mu 1595. Cathedral ya St. Basil idasungabe mawonekedwe ake mpaka 1588.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwone Smolny Cathedral.
Malinga ndi lamulo la Fyodor Ioannovich, tchalitchi cha khumi chinaikidwa pamwamba pa manda a wopusa wopatulika, wovomerezedwa ndi nthawi imeneyo. Kachisi yemwe adamangidwa anali wopanda chipilala ndipo anali ndi khomo losiyana.
M'zaka za zana la 17, chifukwa cha zomwe anthu amakonda, dzina la guwa limodzi lammbali lidasamutsidwa ku tchalitchi chonse, chomwe chadziwika kuti Cathedral ya St. Basil.
Kukonzanso ndi kubwezeretsa Katolika ya St. Basil
Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za zana la 17, Cathedral ya St. Basil yasintha kwambiri pamapangidwe azipilala komanso zamkati. Masheya amitengo, omwe amakhala akuyaka moto nthawi zonse, adalowedwa m'malo ndi denga lomwe lidayimikidwa pazipilala za njerwa.
Makoma azitchalitchi zazikulu zomwe zimayang'ana panja, zipilala zogwirizira mokhulupirika ndipo khonde lomwe lidamangidwa pamwamba pamakwerero linali lokutira zokongoletsera za polychrome. Kulemba matailosi kudawonekera kutalika konse kwa chimanga chapamwamba.
Belfry idamangidwanso munthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chake nsanja yazitsulo ziwiri idawoneka.
Pakutha kwa zaka za zana la 18, mkatikati mwa kachisi adakongoletsedwa ndi utoto wamafuta, wogwiritsidwa ntchito polemba ziwembu, momwe zithunzi ndi zithunzi za oyera mtima zidapangidwa.
Chaka chotsatira kusintha kwadzikoli, Intercession Cathedral inali imodzi mwa yoyamba kutetezedwa ndi boma latsopano ngati chikumbutso chofunikira padziko lonse lapansi.
Zochitika ku Museum of temple
M'chaka cha 1923, tchalitchi cha St. Basil's Cathedral chidatsegulira alendo malo atsopano - ngati nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zakale. Ngakhale izi, sanataye ufulu wochita mapempherowo mnyumba yolemekezedwera.
Patatha zaka zisanu, Intercession Cathedral idalandila nthambi ya zakale zakale, zomwe zikugwirabe ntchito mpaka pano. Chifukwa cha ntchito yobwezeretsa yapadera yomwe idachitika ku tchalitchi chachikulu pakati pa zaka za zana la 20, mawonekedwe oyambilira a kachisiyu abwezeretsedwa.
Kuyambira 1990, yakhala malo a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Zaka 10 zapitazo, zaluso zaluso zidasankhidwa pamipikisano Isanu ndi iwiri ya Russia.
Mutha kukaona malo osungira zakale omwe adakonzanso mawonekedwe ake ku adilesi: Moscow, Red Square, 2. Maulendo amachitikira kuno tsiku lililonse. Maola otsegulira alendo oyembekezera mosungiramo zinthu zakale ochokera ku 11: 00 mpaka 16: 00.
Mtengo wazithandizo za wowongolera ndiwololera. Matikiti aulendo wosangalatsa wozungulira tchalitchi chachikulu, pomwe mutha kutenga zithunzi zosaiwalika, zitha kugulidwa ma ruble 100.
