Kupeza madzi kwa anthu omwe ali nawo nthawi zambiri kumawoneka ngati chinthu chachilengedwe, kutuluka ngati kuti kulibe ntchito. Mukatsegula mpopi, madzi amayenera kutuluka pakamwa. Kuzizira. Potembenuza inayo - yotentha. Zikuwoneka kwa ife kuti zakhala choncho ndipo zidzakhalabe choncho. M'malo mwake, kumbuyoko m'ma 1950, a Muscovites ambiri anali ndi njira yopezera madzi, osatinso zonyansa, m'nyumba zawo. Ndipo kusamukira ku nyumba yamagulu okhala ndi khitchini yogawanika komanso zimbudzi kangapo konse zomwe zimawonongedwa m'mabuku ndi makanema zomwe zimapangidwira anthu, choyambirira, kusowa kwakusowa kosowa madzi oti athamangire pampu, pachitsime kapena panjira yolakwika.
Kupeza madzi oyera ndikungokwaniritsa chitukuko, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa filimu yopyapyala pazaka zambiri zapitazo. Ndikofunikira kwa ife anthu amakono kukumbukira kuti madzi ndi chozizwitsa chomwe sichinangotipatsa ife moyo, komanso chimatilola kuti tizisamalira. Zikhala zothandiza komanso zosangalatsa kuphunzira zina zokhudza madzi ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake.
1. Madzi amakhala ndi kachulukidwe kopitilira muyeso osati pamalo ozizira kwambiri, koma kutentha kotentha pafupifupi madigiri anayi. Motero, m'nyengo yozizira, madzi ofunda amakwera mpaka pa ayezi, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuti madzi azizizira kwathunthu ndikupulumutsa moyo wa nyama zam'madzi. Ndi matupi osaya okha amadzi omwe amatha kuzizira mpaka pansi. Ozama amaundana kokha chisanu choopsa.
2. Madzi oyeretsedwa bwino sangazizire ngakhale kutentha kwambiri pansi pa 0 ° C. Zonse ndizokhudza kupezeka kwa malo opangira ma crystallization. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono komanso mabakiteriya amatha kugwira nawo ntchito. Matalala ndi matalala amapangidwanso chimodzimodzi. Ngati kulibe malo otere a crystallization, madzi amakhalabe amadzimadzi ngakhale -30 ° C.
3. Kuyendetsa kwamagetsi kwamadzi kumalumikizidwanso ndi crystallization. Madzi osungunuka bwino ndi dielectric. Koma zonyansa zakunja mmenemo zimapangitsa madzi kukhala ochititsa. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale madzi akuwoneka mosalala bwanji, kusambira mmvula yamabingu kumakhala koopsa kwambiri. Ndipo kugwa kwamakanema kosinthira zida zamagetsi m'bafa losambira madzi ampopi kuli koopsa.
4. Chuma china chapadera cha madzi ndikuti ndi chopepuka molimba kuposa momwe chimakhalira madzi. Chifukwa chake, ayezi samamira pansi pa dziwe, koma amayandama kuchokera pamwamba. Icebergs imayandikanso chifukwa mphamvu yake yokoka ndiyosakwana madzi. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa madzi abwino, kwakhala kukuchitika ntchito zonyamula madzi oundana kupita kumadera omwe madzi akusowa.
5. Madzi amathabe kuyendabe. Mawu awa saphwanya malamulo a sayansi - madzi amayenda pansi ndi zomera chifukwa cha capillary.
6. Kuchuluka kwa madzi mthupi la munthu ndikosalimba kwambiri. Chikhalidwe chaumoyo chimakulirakulira ngakhale kusowa kwa 2% madzi. Thupi likasowa madzi okwanira 10%, limakhala pachiwopsezo chakufa. Chosowa chachikulu kwambiri chitha kulipidwa komanso madzi amthupi abwezeretsedwanso mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala. Ambiri amafa chifukwa cha matenda monga kolera kapena kamwazi amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi.
7. Mphindi iliyonse kiyubiki kilometre yamadzi imaphwera kuchokera pamwamba pa nyanja ndi nyanja. Komabe, palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa za kuchepa kwa madzi padziko lapansi - madzi omwewo amabwerera kunyanja. Molekyu imodzi yamadzi imatenga masiku 10 kuti imalize kuzungulira kwathunthu.
8. Nyanja ndi nyanja zili pamagawo atatu a dziko lapansi. Nyanja ya Pacific yokha ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a dera lonse lapansi.
9. Madzi onse a Nyanja Yadziko Lonse omwe ali kumwera kwa 60th kufanana alibe kutentha.
10. Madzi otentha kwambiri ali m'nyanja ya Pacific (pafupifupi + 19.4 ° С), kuzizira kwambiri - ku Arctic - -1 ° С.
11. Zomwe zili mumchere m'madzi am'magawo osiyanasiyana zimatha kusiyanasiyana, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mchere womwewo kumadzi kumakhala kosasintha ndipo mpaka pano sikungathe kufotokozedwa. Ndiye kuti, munthawi iliyonse yamchere wamadzi am'madzi, ma sulphate amakhala 11%, ndi ma chloride - 89%.
12. Mukasungunula mchere wonse wam'madzi am'nyanja ndikuwamwaza pamtunda, makulidwe ake amakhala pafupifupi mita 150.
13. Nyanja yamchere kwambiri ndi Atlantic. Mu kiyubiki mita imodzi yamadzi ake, pafupifupi, 35.4 kg yamchere amasungunuka. Nyanja "yatsopano" kwambiri ndi Arctic Ocean, mu kiyubiki mita yomwe makilogalamu 32 amasungunuka.
14. Wotchi yamadzi idagwiritsidwa ntchito kale zaka za 17th. Kukayikira chipangizochi sichowona. Mwachitsanzo, Aroma adawerenga kuti gawo limodzi la magawo awiri a nthawi pakati pa kutuluka ndi kulowa kwa dzuwa ndi ola limodzi. Ndi kutalika ndi kufupikitsa tsikulo, kukula kwa ola kunasintha kwambiri, koma wotchi yamadzi idapangidwa kuti igwirizane ndi kusintha kwa kutalika kwa tsikulo.
Pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, madontho onse odziwika bwino a magnesium adayang'aniridwa ndi Germany. Ku England ndi ku United States, adapeza njira yochotsera magnesium - chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani ankhondo - m'madzi am'nyanja. Kunapezeka kuti ndi wotsika mtengo kuposa kusungunula chitsulo ichi kuchokera ku miyala. Zotsatira zake, magnesium idagwa maulendo 40 pamtengo.
16. Ngakhale kwakhala kukudziwika kale kuti zinthu zothandiza madola biliyoni imodzi zimatha kukhala nthunzi kuchokera ku kiyubiki kilomita yamadzi am'nyanja, pakadali pano mchere wokha (pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chakudya chamchere wapadziko lonse), magnesium ndi bromine zimachokeramo.
17. Madzi otentha amaundana ndikuzimitsa moto mwachangu kuposa madzi ozizira. Kufotokozera kwa izi sikunapezeke.
18. Madambo a Western Siberia amakhala ndi madzi opitilira 1,000 ma cubic kilometre. Izi ndi pafupifupi theka la madzi omwe amapezeka mumitsinje yonse ya dziko lapansi nthawi yomweyo.
19. Madzi asintha mobwerezabwereza kukhala mikangano yapadziko lonse momwe zida zimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Bwalo la mikanganoyi nthawi zambiri limakhala Africa, Middle East, komanso zigawo zamalire a India ndi Pakistan. Pakhala pali zipolowe zopitilira 20 pazida zopezera madzi abwino, ndipo chiwonjezeko chokha chikuyembekezeka mtsogolomo. Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu kumafuna madzi ochulukirachulukira, ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi abwino omwe alipo. Matekinoloje amakono otsuka mchere ndiokwera mtengo ndipo amafunikira mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimasowa.
20. Zinyalala zonse zomwe anthu amataya m'nyanja zapadziko lonse lapansi zikuyerekeza kukhala matani 260 miliyoni pachaka. Malo otayira zinyalala otchuka kwambiri m'madzi ndi Pacific Garbage Patch, yomwe imatha kufika 1.5 miliyoni mita yayikulu. Km. Ukhozowo ungakhale ndi zinyalala zokwana matani 100 miliyoni, makamaka pulasitiki.
21. Brazil, Russia, USA, Canada ndi Indonesia ali ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri lamadzi obwezerezedwanso. Osachepera onse - ku Kuwait ndi ku Caribbean.
Malinga ndi manambala, India, China, USA, Pakistan ndi Indonesia amawononga madzi ambiri. Osachepera onse - Monaco ndi zilumba zazing'ono zonse ku Caribbean. Russia ili pa nambala 14.
23. Iceland, Turkmenistan, Chile, Guyana ndi Iraq ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito madzi kwambiri pamunthu aliyense. Mndandandawu umakhala ndi mayiko aku Africa: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Benin, Rwanda ndi Comoros. Russia ili pa nambala 69.
24. Madzi apampopi ndi zimbudzi ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ku Denmark - pafupifupi $ 10 pa kiyubiki mita (deta kuyambira 2014). Kuchokera pa 6 mpaka 7.5 dollars pa cubic mita imalipidwa ku Belgium, Germany, Norway ndi Australia. Ku Russia, mtengo wapakati unali $ 1.4 pa kiyubiki mita. Ku Turkmenistan, mpaka posachedwa, madzi anali aulere, koma malita 250 pa munthu tsiku lililonse. Mitengo yotsika kwambiri yamadzi ku Indonesia, Cuba, Saudi Arabia ndi Pakistan.
25. Madzi am'mabotolo okwera mtengo kwambiri ndi "Acqua di Cristallo Tributo a Modigliani" ("Crystal clear water kukumbukira Modigliani" (Amedeo Modigliani - wojambula waku Italiya). Botolo la lita 1.25 lopangidwa ndi golide lokongoletsedwa ndi chosema chagolide. Mkati mwake muli chisakanizo cha madzi ochokera ku France , ochokera kuzilumba za Iceland ndi Fiji.
