Zaka za zana la 18 zinali zosintha zaka zana limodzi. Great French Revolution idadziwika kuti ndi chochitika chofunikira kwambiri m'zaka zana zapitazi, koma kodi kulengeza kwa Russia ngati Ufumu, kukhazikitsidwa kwa Great Britain kapena kulengeza ufulu waku US kumachitika chifukwa cha zochitika zazing'ono? Pamapeto pake, French Revolution idatha kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lino, ndipo Russia ndi United States molimba mtima adalowa nawo mayiko otsogola padziko lapansi.
Kodi mungadutse bwanji kusintha kwamakampani? Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, ma injini a nthunzi, ma looms ndi malo owotchera anali atayamba kugwira ntchito, zomwe zidatsimikizira kukula kwa mafakitale kwa zaka zosachepera zana pasadakhale. Pazaluso, panali mkangano woopsa pakati pa maphunziro, ukatswiri wazakale ndi baroque yatsopano ndi rococo. Zaluso anabadwa mu mkangano wa mumaganiza zaluso. Lingaliro lafilosofi ndi mabuku zidapangidwa, zomwe zidawonetsa kuyamba kwa M'badwo wa Kuunikiridwa.
M'zaka za zana la 18, makamaka, zinali zosangalatsa m'njira iliyonse. Ngakhale chidwi chathu sichingafanane ndi mfumu yaku France Louis XVI, yemwe sanakhale moyo kuti awone zaka zana zatsopano zokha ...
1. Pa Januware 21, 1793, nzika ya Louis Capet, yemwe kale ankadziwika kuti King Louis XVI waku France, adapatsidwa udindo ku Place des Revolution ku Paris. Kuphedwa kwa mfumu kunawoneka kuti ndikoyenera kulimbikitsa dziko laling'ono. Louis adachotsedwa mu Ogasiti 1792, ndipo Great French Revolution idayamba ndikuwombera bwino Bastille pa Julayi 14, 1789.
2. Mu 1707, mogwirizana, mgwirizano ku Scotland ndi mamembala a Nyumba Yamalamulo adathetsa nyumba yawo yamalamulo ndikukhala nawo nyumba yamalamulo yaku England. Umu ndi momwe zinathetsa kuphatikiza kwa Scotland ndi England kukhala Ufumu umodzi wa Great Britain.
3. Okutobala 22, 1721 Tsar Peter I avomereza lingaliro la Senate ndikukhala mfumu ya Ufumu waku Russia. Mkhalidwe wakunja kwa Russia pambuyo pogonjetsa ufumu wamphamvu waku Sweden udali woti palibe aliyense padziko lapansi amene adadabwa ndikubwera kwa ufumu watsopano.
4. Zaka zisanu ndi zinayi asanalengeze Russia ya Empires, Peter adasamutsa likulu kuchokera ku Moscow kupita ku Petersburg yomwe idangomangidwa kumene. Mzindawu udakhala likulu mpaka 1918.
5. M'zaka za zana la 18, United States of America ikuwonekera pamapu andale padziko lapansi. Momwemo, United States idayamba Julayi 4, 1776. Komabe, izi zidangosainira Declaration of Independence. Dziko latsopanoli likuyenera kutsimikizirabe kuthekera kwake pankhondo ndi dziko la amayi, zomwe zidachita bwino mothandizidwa ndi Russia ndi France. 
6. Koma Poland, m'malo mwake, idalamula kuti akhale ndi moyo zaka zambiri m'zaka za zana la 18. Amfumu, omwe anali okonda ufulu kudzipha, adadwala kwambiri mayiko oyandikana nawo kuti Commonwealth idayenera kupirira magawo atatu. Omaliza a iwo mu 1795 adathetsa dziko la Poland.
7. Mu 1773, Papa Clement XIV adasokoneza lamulo lachi Jesuit. Pofika pano, abale anali atapeza katundu wambiri wosunthika komanso wosunthika, kotero mafumu amayiko achikatolika, pofuna kupeza phindu, adadzudzula maJesuit za machimo onse owopsa. Mbiri ya a Templars idadzibwereza yokha modekha.
8. M'zaka za zana la 18, Russia idamenya nkhondo ndi Ottoman kanayi. Kulandidwa koyamba kwa Crimea kudachitika pambuyo pa nkhondo yachitatu iyi. Turkey, mwachizolowezi, idamenya nkhondo mothandizidwa ndi maulamuliro aku Europe.
9. Mu 1733 - 1743, pamaulendo angapo, ofufuza aku Russia ndi oyendetsa sitima adalemba ndikuwona madera akuluakulu a Nyanja ya Arctic, Kamchatka, Kuril Islands ndi Japan, komanso adakafika kugombe la North America.
10. China, yomwe idakhala dziko lamphamvu kwambiri ku Asia, pang'onopang'ono idadzitsekera kunja. "Chophimba Cha Iron" m'zaka za zana la 18 sichinalole anthu aku Europe kulowa m'dera la China, ndipo sanalole nzika zawo ngakhale kuzilumba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
11. Nkhondo ya 1756 - 1763, yomwe pambuyo pake idatchedwa Zaka Zisanu ndi ziwiri, itha kutchedwa Nkhondo Yoyamba Padziko Lonse Lapansi. Osewera osewerera ku Europe ngakhale amwenye aku America sanachedwe kutenga nawo gawo pamkangano wapakati pa Austria ndi Prussia. Anamenya nkhondo ku Europe, America, Philippines ndi India. Pankhondo yomwe idatha ndi kupambana kwa Prussia, anthu mamiliyoni awiri adamwalira, ndipo pafupifupi theka la omwe adazunzidwa anali anthu wamba.
12. Thomas Newcomen anali mlembi wa mainjini oyendetsa mafakitale oyamba. Injini yotentha ya Newcomen inali yolemera komanso yopanda ungwiro, koma koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 18 kudali kupambana. Makinawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyendetsa mapampu amigodi. Pafupifupi injini 1,500 zomwe zidamangidwa, khumi ndi awiri adapopera madzi mgodi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20.
13. James Watt anali ndi mwayi waukulu kuposa Newcomen. Anamanganso injini ya nthunzi yothandiza kwambiri, ndipo dzina lake m'dzina la chipangizocho sichidafa.
14. Kupita patsogolo kwamakampani opanga nsalu ndizodabwitsa. James Hargreaves adapanga gudumu loyenda bwino mu 1765, ndipo kumapeto kwa zaka zana panali miphero 150 yayikulu ku England.
15. Ku Russia mu 1773, kuwukira kwa a Cossacks ndi anthu wamba kunayambika motsogozedwa ndi a Yemelyan Pugachev, omwe posakhalitsa adakhala nkhondo yayikulu. Zinali zotheka kupondereza kuwukira kokha mothandizidwa ndi magulu ankhondo wamba ndikupereka ziphuphu kumtunda kwa opandukawo. 
16. Mosiyana ndi malingaliro olakwika omwe anthu ambiri ali nawo akuti atagonjetsedwa ndi Peter I, Sweden sanamenye nkhondo ndi aliyense ndikukhala dziko lotukuka losachita nawo ndale, Sweden idalimbananso kawiri ndi Russia. Nkhondo ziwirizi sizinaphule kanthu kwa a Sweden - sizinatheke kubwezeretsa zomwe zidatayika. Nthawi zonse anthu aku Scandinavians adathandizidwa ndi Great Britain.
17. Mu 1769-1673 njala idabuka ku India. Sizinayambitsidwe ndi zokolola zoyipa, koma chifukwa choti akuluakulu aku East India Company adagula chakudya kuchokera kwa amwenye pamtengo wotsika. Ulimi unagwa, ndikupha Amwenye 10 miliyoni.
18. Olamulira akulu 8 adakwanitsa kuyendera mpando wachifumu wa Russia mu zaka 79 za 18th century. Mafumu adawona kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi: korona udavalidwa ndi mafumu 4 ndi mafumu anayi.
19. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 18 mu zaluso zidadutsa pansi pa chikwangwani cha baroque, mu theka lachiwiri rococo lidatchuka. Kunena mwachidule, kupepuka ndi zopanda pake zalowa m'malo motsanzira kulemera kwachuma ndi chuma. 
Zachikhalidwe 
Rococo
20. M'zaka za zana la 18, mabuku monga Gulliver's Travels (Jonathan Swift), Robinson Crusoe (Daniel Defoe) ndi The Marriage of Figaro (Beaumarchais) adasindikizidwa. Diderot, Voltaire ndi Rousseau akubangula ku France, Goethe ndi Schiller ku Germany.
21. Mu 1764 Hermitage idakhazikitsidwa ku St. Kutolere kwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, komwe kunayamba monga kusonkhanitsa kwa Catherine II, kunakula mwachangu kotero kuti kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazo amayenera kumangidwa (palibe nthabwala, zojambula pafupifupi 4,000), ndipo Hermitage idakhala imodzi mwa malo osungiramo zinthu zakale kwambiri.
22. Chaka chakumapeto kwa zaka 33 chakumanga kwa tchalitchi cha St. Paul ku London chatha. Kutsegulira kumeneku kunachitika patsiku lobadwa la katswiri wazomangamanga Christopher Wren pa Okutobala 20, 1708.
23. A Britain, kapena m'malo mwake, tsopano aku Britain, adayamba kulamulira Australia. Opanduka aku America sanalandirenso omwe amangidwa, ndipo ndende za mzindawu zidadzazidwa pafupipafupi. Sydney idakhazikitsidwa pagombe lakum'mawa kwa Australia ku 1788 kuti atulutse woweruzayo.
24. Olemba 5 apamwamba kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 18: Bach, Mozart, Handel, Gluck ndi Haydn. Ajeremani atatu ndi ma Austrian awiri - palibe ndemanga yokhudza "mayiko oimba".
25. Kusowa ukhondo m'zaka zimenezo kwakhala kale nkhani yodziwika mtawoni. M'zaka za zana la 18 anachotsa nsabwe - mercury! Inde, mercury inapha tizilombo. Ndipo pambuyo pake, ndi omwe adawanyamula kale.
26. Makaniko waku Russia Andrey Nartov mu 1717 adapanga chowongolera. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, kupangidwako kunaiwalika, ndipo tsopano Chingerezi Maudsley amadziwika kuti ndiye amene adayambitsa.
27. M'zaka za zana la 18 adatipatsa batiri lamagetsi, capacitor, ndodo yamagetsi, ndi telegraph yamagetsi. Chimbudzi choyamba chokhala ndi chimbudzi chimayambitsanso kuyambira pa 18, ngati choyatsira sitima choyamba.
28. Mu 1783, abale aku Montgolfier adapanga ndege yawo yoyamba kuwuluka. Mwamuna wina adamira pansi pamadzi asanakwere mlengalenga - belu loyendetsa linali lovomerezeka kale mu 1717.
29. M'zaka za zana lino anali olemera mu kupambana kwa chemistry. Hydrogen, oxygen ndi tartaric acid zidapezeka. Lavoisier adapeza lamulo losungira zinthu zambiri. Akatswiri a zakuthambo sanathenso kutaya nthawi: Lomonosov adatsimikizira kuti Venus ali ndi mpweya, Michell mwachidziwikire adaneneratu zakupezeka kwa mabowo akuda, ndipo Halley adazindikira mayendedwe a nyenyezi.
30. Zaka zana zapitazo zidatha mophiphiritsira ndikuti mu 1799 Napoleon Bonaparte adabalalitsa mabungwe onse oimira ku France. Dzikoli pambuyo pa kukhetsa mwazi koopsa lidabwerera ku mafumu. Idalengezedwa mwalamulo mu 1804.
