Hagia Sophia ndiye kachisi wazipembedzo ziwiri zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso imodzi mwanyumba zokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu, Hagia Sophia ndiye anali malo opatulika a maufumu awiri akulu - Byzantine ndi Ottoman, atakumana ndi zovuta m'mbiri yawo. Atalandira malo osungirako zinthu zakale mu 1935, idakhala chizindikiro cha Turkey yatsopano yomwe idayamba chitukuko.
Mbiri yakulengedwa kwa Hagia Sophia
M'zaka za zana lachinayi A.D. e. mfumu yayikulu Constantine adamanga tchalitchi chachikhristu pamalo ampikisano. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, nyumbayi idawonongedwa ndi moto. Pamalo amoto woyaka moto, anamanga tchalitchi chachiwiri, chomwe chimakumana ndi tsoka lomwelo. Mu 532, wolamulira Justinian adayamba kumanga kachisi wamkulu, wofanana ndi omwe anthu samadziwa, kuti alemekeze dzina la Ambuye kwamuyaya.
Akatswiri opanga mapulani a nthawi imeneyo ankayang'anira anthu 10,000. Marble, golide, minyanga ya zokongoletsa za Hagia Sophia adabweretsedwa kuchokera kudera lonselo. Ntchito yomanga idamalizidwa munthawi yochepa kwambiri, ndipo patatha zaka zisanu, mu 537, nyumbayi idapatulidwa ndi Patriarch of Constantinople.
Pambuyo pake, Hagia Sophia anavutika kangapo ndi zivomezi - yoyamba idachitika patangomaliza nthawi yomanga ndipo idawononga kwambiri. Mu 989, chivomezi chinapangitsa kugwa kwa tchalitchi cha tchalitchi chachikulu, chomwe posakhalitsa chinabwezeretsedwa.
Msikiti wazipembedzo ziwiri
Kwa zaka zoposa 900, Hagia Sophia anali mpingo wachikhristu waukulu mu Ufumu wa Byzantine. Apa ndi mu 1054 pomwe zidachitika zomwe zidagawaniza tchalitchi kukhala Orthodox ndi Katolika.
Kuchokera mu 1209 mpaka 1261, kachisi wamkulu wa akhristu achi Orthodox anali m'manja mwa Asilamu Achikatolika, omwe adaziwononga ndikupita nazo ku Italy zotsalira zambiri zomwe zasungidwa pano.
Pa Meyi 28, 1453, ntchito yomaliza yachikhristu m'mbiri ya Hagia Sophia idachitika kuno, ndipo tsiku lotsatira Konstantinople adagwa ndikumenyedwa ndi asitikali a Sultan Mehmed II, ndipo kachisiyo adasandulika mzikiti mwa lamulo lake.
Ndipo m'zaka za m'ma XX zokha, pomwe Ataturk Hagia Sophia adasinthidwa kukhala nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, ndalama zonse zidabwezeretsedwanso.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za Kazan Cathedral.
Hagia Sophia ndi gulu lachipembedzo, momwe zithunzi zosonyeza oyera mtima achikhristu limodzi ndi ma suras ochokera ku Koran olembedwa pamiyendo yayikulu yakuda, ndipo ma minarets azungulira nyumbayo, yomangidwa mofanana ndi matchalitchi a Byzantine.
Zomangamanga ndi zokongoletsera mkati
Palibe chithunzi chimodzi chomwe chingapereke ulemu ndi kukongola kwa Hagia Sophia. Koma nyumbayi ikusiyana ndi yomanga koyambirira: dome lidamangidwanso kangapo, ndipo munthawi ya Asilamu nyumba zingapo ndi ma minaret anayi adawonjezeredwa ku nyumbayi.
Maonekedwe apachiyambi a kachisiyo amafanana mokwanira ndi mndandanda wamachitidwe aku Byzantine. Mkati mwa kachisiyo muli wokulirapo kuposa kuposa panja. Dome lalikulu limakhala ndi dome lalikulu lomwe limafika kutalika kwa mamitala 55 kutalika ndi kudenga kwakanthawi kambiri. Mipata yam'mbali imasiyanitsidwa pakati pakapangidwe kazitsulo ndi zipilala za malachite ndi porphyry, zotengedwa ku akachisi achikunja amizinda yakale.
Zithunzi zojambulidwa zingapo ndi zojambula zokongola zidapezekabe kuchokera ku zokongoletsa za Byzantine mpaka lero. M'zaka zomwe mzikiti unali pano, makoma ake anali okutidwa ndi pulasitala, ndipo mawonekedwe ake osungabe bwino adasungabe maluso awo mpaka pano. Kuyang'ana pa iwo, titha kulingalira momwe kukongoletsako kunali kokongola munthawi zabwino kwambiri. Zosintha munthawi ya Ottoman, kupatula ma minarets, zimaphatikizapo mihrab, minbara ya mabulo ndi bedi lokongoletsedwa kwambiri la Sultan.
Zosangalatsa
- Mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, kachisiyu sanatchulidwe ulemu wa Sophia Woyera, koma amaperekedwa ku Wisdom of God ("Sophia" kutanthauza "nzeru" mu Greek).
- Mausoleums angapo a sultans ndi akazi awo amapezeka mdera la Hagia Sophia. Mwa iwo omwe adayikidwa m'manda, pali ana ambiri omwe adachitidwa nkhanza zakulowa m'malo pampando wachifumu, zomwe zinali zachizolowezi nthawi imeneyo.
- Amakhulupirira kuti Chinsalu cha ku Turin chidasungidwa mu Sophia Cathedral mpaka kulandidwa kwa kachisi mzaka za 13th.
Zambiri zothandiza: momwe mungafikire ku Museum
Hagia Sophia ili m'chigawo chakale kwambiri ku Istanbul, komwe kuli malo ambiri azakale - Blue Mosque, Cistern, Topkapi. Ichi ndiye nyumba yofunika kwambiri mzindawu, osati azikhalidwe zaku Istanbul okha, komanso alendo onse angakuuzeni momwe mungapitire kumalo osungirako zinthu zakale. Mutha kukafika kumeneko poyendera anthu pa T1 tram line (Sultanahmet stop).
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imatsegulidwa kuyambira 9:00 mpaka 19:00, ndipo kuyambira Okutobala 25 mpaka Epulo 14 - mpaka 17:00. Lolemba ndi tsiku lopuma. Nthawi zonse pamakhala mzere wautali kuofesi yamatikiti, chifukwa chake muyenera kubwera pasadakhale, makamaka nthawi yamadzulo: kugulitsa matikiti kumaima ola limodzi musanatseke. Mutha kugula tikiti ya e-tsamba pa tsamba lovomerezeka la Hagia Sophia. Kulowera kumawononga mairail 40.
