Mathithi a Niagara ndi amodzi mwachilengedwe zokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amalodza ndi ukulu wake ndi mphamvu zake. Anthu mazana apaulendo ochokera padziko lonse lapansi amabwera tsiku lililonse komwe kuli chipilalachi chodabwitsa komanso chapadera.
Zambiri za Niagara Falls
Mathithi a Niagara ndi mathithi atatu. Ili pamalire a mayiko awiri: USA (New York State) ndi Canada (Ontario) pamtsinje womwewo. Malo ogwirira ntchito malowa ndi madigiri 43.0834 kumpoto chakumapeto ndi madigiri 79.0663 kumadzulo. Mtsinjewo umalumikiza nyanja zomwe zili gawo la Nyanja Yaikulu ku North America: Erie ndi Ontario. M'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Niagara, pafupi ndi mathithi omwe ali mbali ya mayiko onsewa, pali mizinda iwiri yotchedwa Niagara Falls.
Kupita ku Niagara Falls, muyenera kulingalira za njira yanu pasadakhale, popeza mutha kufika apa m'njira ziwiri: popita ku New York, kapena ku mzinda waku Canada ku Toronto. Maulendo apangidwa kuchokera kumizinda yonseyi, koma sikoyenera konse kuwatenga, chifukwa mutha kupita nokha pabasi wamba.
Malo onse atatu a Niagara ali ndi dzina lake. Mathithi omwe amapezeka ku United States amatchedwa "American" ndi "Fata". Pali mathithi a Horseshoe ku Canada.
Madzi othothoka amathamangira kutsika pang'ono kuchoka pa mamitala opitilira 50, koma gawo lowonekera ndi mamitala 21 okha chifukwa chakuunjika miyala pansi. Niagara siyimodzi yamapiri atali kwambiri padziko lapansi, koma chifukwa chamadzi ambiri omwe amadutsamo, amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mu sekondi imodzi, imadzidutsira yokha kuposa ma cubic metre zikwi 5.5 amadzi. Kutalika kwa mathithi a Horseshoe ndi mita 792, American Falls - 323 mita.
Nyengo mdera lamapopompo ndiyotentha kwambiri. M'chilimwe kumakhala kotentha kuno, ndipo nthawi zina kumatentha, m'nyengo yozizira kutentha kumakhala pansi pa zero, ndipo mathithi amaundana pang'ono. Mutha kubwera kuno chaka chonse, chifukwa munthawi iliyonse ndi yokongola mwanjira yake.
Madzi a Niagara amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kupereka mphamvu kumadera oyandikira a Canada ndi United States. Makina angapo opangira magetsi amangidwa m'mbali mwa mtsinje.
Mbiri ya chiyambi ndi dzina
Mtsinje wa Niagara ndi Nyanja Yaikulu ku North America zidawonekera zaka 6,000 zapitazo. Mapangidwe awo anakwiyitsa Wisconsin glaciation. Chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa madzi oundana, omwe adakokolola chilichonse chomwe chili panjira yake, mpumulo wa malowa udasinthiratu. Mitsinje ya mitsinje yomwe ikuyenda mmadera amenewo idadzazidwa, ndipo mwa ina, m'malo mwake, idakulitsidwa. Madzi oundana atayamba kusungunuka, madzi ochokera ku Great Lakes adayamba kulowa mu Niagara. Miyala yomwe idapanga pansi pake inali yofewa m'malo mwake, motero madzi adawakokolola, ndikupanga phompho - ndipo umu ndi momwe zidakhalira zodziwika bwino mwachilengedwe ngati mathithi.
Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mathithi a Niagara kunayambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 17. Mu 1604, kumtunda, komwe kuli mathithi, kunachezeredwa ndiulendo wa a Samuel de Champlain. Pambuyo pake, adalongosola izi zachilengedwe patsamba lake kuchokera m'mawu a omwe adachita nawo ulendowu. Mwini Champlain sanawone mathithi. Patatha zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane mathithi a Niagara kunalembedwa ndi mmonke wachikatolika a Louis Ennepin akuyenda ku North America.
Mawu oti "Niagara" amamasuliridwa kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha amwenye a Iroquois ngati "mkokomo wamadzi." Amakhulupirira kuti mathithiwa amatchulidwa ndi anthu azikhalidwe zomwe amakhala pafupi, mtundu wa Onigara.
Kwambiri kapena misala
Kuyambira pomwe kudakhala kofunikanso kuyenda, kapena m'malo mwake kuyambira koyambirira kwa 19th century, alendo adayamba kubwera kugombe la Niagara Falls. Ena a iwo amafuna osati kuona kokha chozizwitsa chapadera cha chirengedwe, komanso kuti ayese kudutsa.
Woyamba kuchita izi anali wopondereza waku America Sam Patch. Adalumphira mumtsinje wa Niagara kumapeto kwa mathithi mu Novembala 1929 ndipo adapulumuka. Sam anali kukonzekera kulumpha, chidziwitso chokhudza chinyengo chomwe chikubwera chinawonekera kale asanamuphe. Mwambowu, malinga ndi malingaliro ake, udayenera kusangalatsidwa ndi anthu ambiri. Komabe, nyengo zoyipa zidasokoneza magwiridwe antchito. Panalibe anthu ambiri omwe adasonkhana, ndipo ndalama zomwe adalandila sizikugwirizana ndi Patch. Chifukwa chake, patadutsa sabata imodzi, adalonjeza kubwereza kulumpha. Komabe, kuyesa kwachiwiri kwa daredevil kuti agonjetse Niagara kunatha mwachisoni. Sam sanawonekere, ndipo thupi lake linapezeka patangopita miyezi yochepa.
Mu 1901, wazaka 63 wazaka zakubadwa waku America Annie Taylor adaganiza zokwera mathithi atakhala pansi mbiya. Mwanjira yachilendo, mayiyo amafuna kuchita tsiku lobadwa ake. Mkazi anakwanitsa kupulumuka, ndipo dzina lake inalembedwa mbiri.
Zitachitika izi, ofunafuna zosangalatsa nthawi ndi nthawi amayesa kugonjetsa mathithi a Niagara. Akuluakulu aboma anafunikanso kuletsa zizoloŵezi zoterezi. Komabe, ma daredevils amadziponyera okha ku mathithi nthawi ndi nthawi. Ambiri mwa iwo adamwalira, ndipo omwe adapulumuka adalipitsidwa chindapusa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti adapulumutsa modabwitsa mwana wazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri wotchedwa Roger Woodward, yemwe mwamwayi adatengedwa kupita ku mathithi a Niagara. Anali atavala jekete yamoyo, komabe mwana adakwanitsa kupulumuka.
Maulendo ndi zosangalatsa
Makamaka alendo amabwera ku Niagara kudzawona mathithi omwewo. Izi zitha kuchitika kuchokera ku America komanso ku Canada. Pali nsanja zingapo zowonera momwe mungatenge zithunzi zokongola za mitsinje yamadzi ikugwa. Zithunzi zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zitha kuwonedwa kuchokera pa bolodi la Table Rock.
Omwe akufuna kuyang'anitsitsa zokopa zawo ngakhale kumva kuti ma jets ali paokha akuyenera kukwera ngalawa zosangalatsa. Alendo amatengedwera m'malo onse atatuwa. Musanakwere bwato losangalatsa, aliyense amapatsidwa chovala chamvula, koma sichingakupulumutseni ku ma jets amphamvu a Niagara Falls. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi mathithi a Horseshoe.
Ulendo wina womwe ungakumbukiridwe umapempha apaulendo kuti adzipezeke kumbuyo kwa mathithi. Muthanso kuyenda pamalopo mwapadera ndi helikopita kapena buluni wotentha. Zokhazo zomwe zingabweretse chisangalalo chamtunduwu ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri.
Muyenera kuyendapo pa Rainbow Bridge, yomwe ili pamtunda wa mamitala mazana angapo kuchokera pakukopa kwa Niagara. Nyengo yoyera, mlathowu ukhoza kuwonedwa kuchokera kuma pulatifomu owonera.
Dera la Niagara Falls lili ndi malo owonetsera zakale, zipilala zadziko lonse ndi mapaki. Mfumukazi Victoria Park imakonda kwambiri alendo. Ili ku Canada. Apa mutha kuyenda pakati pa maluwa ndi mitengo, kukhala mu cafe ndikuwona zokopa zazikulu m'derali kuchokera pa bolodi lowonera.
Nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale zapafupi ndizofunikira kwambiri pazambiri zopezeka ndi zina zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi mathithi a Niagara. Mwa iwo mutha kuwona mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe ma daredevils osimidwa adayesera kugonjetsa mathithi. Ndiponso zithunzi za sera za anthu omwe moyo wawo mwanjira inayake umalumikizidwa ndi chipilala chodziwika bwino chachilengedwe.
Tikupangira kuwona Angel Falls.
Mathithi a Niagara amakhalanso osangalatsa kuwona usiku. Usiku, chiwonetsero chowala chenicheni chikuchitika pano. Ma jets amawunikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito zowunikira. Zonsezi zimawoneka bwino kwambiri.
M'nyengo yozizira, mathithi amakhalanso okongola. Niagara ndi mathithi ozizira pang'ono. M'mbali mwake mokha muli ayezi. Pakatikati pa phompho, madzi amapitilirabe kutsika chaka chonse. Kwa nthawi yonse yodziwika bwino yamadzi, chifukwa cha kutentha kocheperako, idazizira katatu kotheratu. Zachidziwikire, simudzatha kukwera bwato kupita ku Niagara m'nyengo yozizira, koma nthawi ino yachaka mutha kuwonera chikondwerero chowotcha moto. Kuunikira kwa mathithi masiku ano kumayatsidwa pafupifupi usana ndi usiku, ndipo zofukiza zamitundu yambiri zimauluka kumwamba.
Mathithi a Niagara ndi amodzi mwamalo achilengedwe kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kukongola kwake sikudzasiya opanda chidwi ngakhale alendo otsogola kwambiri. Kamodzi pamapazi ake, ndizosatheka kuti musamve mphamvu ndi mphamvu zonse zachilengedwe. Zomwe zakhazikitsidwa pafupi ndi chinthucho zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kuyenda bwino ndikukumbukira kwa moyo wonse.
