Tula Kremlin ndi amodzi mwamipanda yofunika kwambiri ku Tula, yomwe ili pakatikati pa mzindawo. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazigawo khumi ndi ziwiri zapadera zomwe zapulumuka ku Russia mpaka lero.
Mbiri ya Tula Kremlin
M'zaka za zana la 16, Ivan II adaganiza zokulitsa zomwe anali nazo, ndipo Tula adagwira nawo gawo lofunikira pamalingaliro ake malinga ndi malingaliro ake. Kufunika kwake kumalimbikitsidwa ndi 1507. Panthawiyi, dziko la Russia linali pachiwopsezo chakumwera - gulu lankhondo la Crimea, ndipo Tula adayimirira panjira yopita ku Moscow.
Vasily III adalamula omvera ake kuti amange linga la thundu, pomwe mfuti ndi zida zina zodzitchinjiriza zidaperekedwa. Mu 1514, kalonga adalamula kuti amange nyumba yachifumu yamiyala, monga ku Moscow Kremlin, kumangidwa kwake kunatenga zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Tula Kremlin sinathe kuwonongeka - idazunguliridwa kangapo, koma palibe mdani m'modzi yemwe angalowe mkati.
Chosaiwalika ndi kuzinga komwe kunachitika mu 1552. Pogwiritsa ntchito kampeni ya Ivan the Terrible yolimbana ndi Kazan, a Crimea Khan adayambitsa chiwonetsero. Anthu okhala ku Tula adatha kudzitchinjiriza mpaka pomwe thandizo lidzafika. Kukumbukira mwambowu kumasungidwa ndi mwala wamaziko woyikidwa pafupi ndi chipata cha Ivanovskiye.
Tula Kremlin sinali njira yodzitchinjiriza yokha, komanso nyumba. Kunali mabanja opitilira zana pano ndipo pafupifupi anthu mazana awiri amakhala. Komabe, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 17, Left-Bank Ukraine idalumikizana ndi Russia, motero Tula Kremlin idasiya kukhala gulu lankhondo lofunikira.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19, kukonzanso kunachitika pano. Kumanga komweko kumangidwanso kuyambira 2014; akukonzekera kutsegula malo okhala ndi maholo anayi owonetsera. Mu 2020, nyumbayi izichita chikondwerero cha zaka mazana asanu, zomwe zikukonzekera kale.
Zomangamanga za Tula Kremlin
Dera lomwe chimakopa kwambiri Tula ndi mahekitala 6. Makoma a Tula Kremlin amatambasula 1 km, ndikupanga makona. Imasakanikirana ndi mitundu ingapo yamapangidwe, yomwe imatha kuwonedwa pamakoma ndi nsanja zodzitchinjiriza.
Nikitskaya Tower ndi nsanja zamakoma zikukumbutsadi nyumba zachifumu zaku Italiya zomangidwa ku Middle Ages. Zinyumba zina zimakhalanso ndi mapangidwe osangalatsa - zimapezeka kunja kwa makoma kuti ziwombere mdani. Zonsezi ndizodzipatula, ndiye kuti, iliyonse ndi malo achitetezo osiyana.
Makedoniya
Pali mipingo iwiri ya Orthodox kuno. Choyamba ndi Cathedral Yoyera Yoyera, yomangidwa mu 1762, imawerengedwa kuti ndi kachisi wokongola kwambiri ku Tula konse. Adalandira ulemu komanso kukonda kapangidwe kake kapamwamba komanso kukongoletsa kwachifumu. M'mbuyomu, korona wanyumbayi anali bwalo lamiyala lamiyala 70-mita, koma idatayika mzaka zapitazi. Tchalitchichi chili ndi zojambula zojambula ndi akatswiri a Yaroslavl kuyambira zaka za zana la 17 komanso iconostasis ya magawo asanu ndi awiri kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 18.
Epiphany Cathedral wamng'ono, tsiku la mawonekedwe ake limawerengedwa kuti ndi 1855. Cathedral sikugwira ntchito, idamangidwa pokumbukira omwe adazunzidwa pankhondo ya 1812. Mu 1930, idatsekedwa ndipo idakonzedwa kuti ipange Nyumba Yothamanga pano, motero idataya mitu. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, tchalitchichi chidayamba kumangidwanso, koma mu 2017 sichikugwirabe ntchito.
Makoma ndi nsanja
Makoma a Tula Kremlin, omangidwa pamaziko, adakulitsidwa kangapo mzaka zambiri ndipo tsopano afika mita 10 kutalika komanso m'malo mpaka 3.2 mita mulifupi. Kutalika konse kwa khoma ndi mita 1066.
Pali nsanja zisanu ndi zitatu, zinayi zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zipata. Nawa mayina awo ndi mawonekedwe awo:
- Nsanja ya Spassky lili kumadzulo kwa nyumbayi, poyambilira inali ndi belu, lomwe limalira nthawi zonse mzinda ukakhala pachiwopsezo chakuukira kuchokera mbali, motero kale unkatchedwa Vestova.
- Nsanja Odoevskaya yomwe ili kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Tower of the Saviour. Lero ndiye chizindikiro cha dongosolo lonselo, ndiye mutha kujambula zithunzi zokongola. Dzinali limachokera ku Chizindikiro cha Kazan cha Amayi a Mulungu, chomwe poyambirira chinali pachiwonetsero.
- Nikitskaya - amadziwika kuti kale inali chipinda chozunzirako anthu ndi mfuti.
- Chipata cha zipata za Ivanovskie amatsogolera mwachindunji kumunda wa Kremlin moyandikana ndi khoma lakumwera chakum'mawa.
- Ivanovskaya inamangidwa m'masiku omwe Tula Kremlin idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati linga, inali ndi njira yobisika mobisa yopitilira 70 mita kupita ku Upa kotero kuti mzinda wozunguliridwa udatha kupeza madzi. Kusunthaku kudabwereranso m'zaka za zana la 17. Panthawiyo, nsanjayo inali ndi zipinda momwe munali chakudya, ufa ndi zipolopolo.
- Nsanja yamadzi idakhala ngati khomo lolowera m'mbali mwa mtsinjewo, kudzera munthawi imodzi mayendedwe amatsikira kudzipereka kwamadzi.
- Square - yomwe ili m'mbali mwa dzanja la Upa.
- Chipata cha Pyatnitsky Gate anali malo osungira zida zambiri ndi katundu ngati malowa atazunguliridwa.
Malo owonetsera zakale
Maulendo ndi zochitika
Maulendo otchuka kwambiri:
- Ulendo wowonera Imatenga mphindi 50 ndikuphimba zipilala zazikuluzikulu zomanga. Mtengo wa matikiti aulendo: akulu - ma ruble 150, ana - ma ruble 100.
- "Mzinda padzanja lako" - kudziwana bwino ndi zomangamanga kumayenda mozungulira kilometre pamakoma ndikuphimba nsanja zonse. Wofikirayo ali ndi mwayi wodziwa zambiri za chitetezo ndi zomangamanga zapadera. Mtengo: akulu - 200 ruble, ana - 150 rubles.
- "Zinsinsi za Tula Kremlin" - ulendo wokambirana wa ana azaka zosiyanasiyana. Aphunzira momwe nyumbayo idamangidwira komanso momwe idadzitetezera kwa adani, komanso zinsinsi zonse za tsambalo. Mtengo - ma ruble 150.
Mafunso osangalatsa ku Tula Kremlin kwa ana ndi akulu:
- "Mbuye wa Kremlin" - ulendo wochititsa chidwi wopita kumalo akale, omwe amakhala ola limodzi. Munthawi imeneyi, mudzadziwana ndi anthu odziwika bwino ndikumva ngati muli mu Middle Ages. Mtengo: akulu - ma ruble 300, ana - 200 rubles.
- "Momwe anthu a Tula ku Kremlin amafunira chimwemwe" - kufunafuna anyamata olimba mtima komanso anzeru omwe amayenera kuyenda pamakoma onse kuti athetse mwambiwo. Mtengo: akulu - ma ruble 300, ana - 200 rubles.
- "Zinsinsi zakale" - ulendo wazaka zambiri, kuwonetsa osewera pamisonkhano ndi ziwonetsero zofunikira za nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Mtengo: akulu - 200 ruble, ana - 150 rubles.
Maola ogwira ntchito... Dera la Tula Kremlin limapezeka kwa alendo tsiku lililonse. Maola otseguka: kuyambira 10: 00 mpaka 22: 00 (kuchezera kumakhala kochepa kumapeto kwa sabata - mpaka 18:00). Khomo ndi laulere kwa aliyense.
Tikukulangizani kuti muyang'ane pa Suzdal Kremlin.
Momwe mungafikire kumeneko... Adilesi yakukopa kwakukulu kwa Tula ndi st. Mendeleevskaya, 2. Njira yosavuta yopita kumeneko ndi basi (njira nambala 16, 18, 24) kapena trolleybus (njira nambala 1, 2, 4, 8).
