Chipilala chomanga komwe mbiri ya Kazan idayamba, chokopa chachikulu komanso mtima wa likulu la Tatarstan, kuuza alendo mbiri yake. Zonsezi ndi Kazan Kremlin - malo aakulu omwe akuphatikiza mbiri ndi miyambo ya anthu awiri osiyana.
Mbiri ya Kazan Kremlin
Zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga zidamangidwa kwazaka zambiri. Nyumba zoyambirira zidayamba zaka za zana la 12, pomwe zidasandulika malo achitetezo a Volga Bulgaria. M'zaka za zana la 13, a Golden Horde adakhala pano, omwe adapanga malowa kukhala likulu la ulamuliro wonse wa Kazan.
Ivan Grozny, pamodzi ndi gulu lake lankhondo, anatenga Kazan, chifukwa cha zomwe nyumba zambiri zinawonongeka, ndipo mzikiti zinawonongedwa. Grozny adayitanitsa omanga mapulani a Pskov ku mzindawu, omwe adawonetsa luso lawo ku Moscow pakupanga Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed. Anapatsidwa ntchito yopanga ndi kumanga Kremlin yamiyala yoyera.
M'zaka za zana la 17, zida zodzitchinjiriza zidasinthidwa - nkhuni zidasinthidwa ndi miyala. Pasanathe zaka zana, Kremlin idasiya kugwira ntchito yankhondo ndikukhala likulu loyang'anira dera. M'zaka mazana awiri zikubwerazi, zomangamanga zidamangidwa m'derali: Annunciation Cathedral idamangidwanso, sukulu ya cadet, nyumba yoyang'anira nyumba ndi kazembe wa Governor adamangidwa.
Kusintha kwa chaka chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri kunabweretsa chiwonongeko chatsopano, nthawi ino adakumana ndi Spassky Monastery. M'zaka za zana la makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu makumi awiri, Purezidenti wa Tatarstan adapanga Kremlin kukhala pulezidenti. 1995 idayambira kumangidwa kwa mzikiti waukulu kwambiri ku Europe - Kul Sharif.
Kufotokozera kwa nyumba zazikulu
Kazan Kremlin ndiyotambalala ma 150 mita lalikulu, ndipo kutalika kwake konse kumakhala makilomita opitilira awiri. Makoma ake ndi otalika mamita atatu ndi kutalika kwake mamita 6. Chodziwika bwino cha zovuta ndizosiyana mitundu yazizindikiro za Orthodox ndi Asilamu.
Blagoveshchensky tchalitchi yomangidwa m'zaka za zana la 16 ndipo poyambirira idali yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa kachisi wapano, chifukwa nthawi zambiri inkakulitsidwa. Mu 1922, zotsalira zambiri zidasowa kutchalitchi kwamuyaya: zithunzi, zolemba pamanja, mabuku.
Nyumba yachifumu yomangidwa mzaka makumi anai zakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mu kalembedwe kamene kamatchedwa Pseudo-Byzantine. Ili kumpoto kwa zovuta. Apa m'zaka za m'ma 13-14 panali nyumba yachifumu ya Kazan khans.
Kul - mzikiti wotchuka kwambiri komanso waukulu kwambiri ku Republic, womangidwa polemekeza Zakachikwi za Kazan. Cholinga chake chinali kukonzanso mawonekedwe amzikiti wakale wa khanate, womwe unali kuno zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo. Kul-Sharif amawoneka wokongola kwambiri madzulo, pomwe kuunikira kumawoneka bwino.
Kremlin imadziwikanso ndi nsanja zake zodziwika bwino. Poyamba, panali 13, mpaka pano kudzawonjezeka 8. Odziwika kwambiri pakati pa alendo ndi Spasskaya ndi Taynitskaya, omangidwa m'zaka za zana la 16 ndipo amakhala ngati zipata. Mbali yakutsogolo Spasskaya Tower yalunjikitsidwa kumsewu waukulu wovutirapo. Idawotcha ndikumanganso kangapo, idamangidwa ndikumangidwanso mpaka itapeza mawonekedwe ake apano.
Taynitskaya nsanja Ali ndi dzina lotere chifukwa chakupezeka kwa njira yachinsinsi yomwe idatsogolera ku kasupe wamadzi ndipo idali yothandiza pakuzingidwa ndi nkhondo. Kudzera mwa iye kuti Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible adalowa Kremlin atapambana.
Nsanja ina yotchuka, Syuyumbike, amadziwika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi "mlongo" wake waku Italiya - Tower Leaning of Pisa. Chifukwa cha izi ndikupendekera pafupifupi mita ziwiri kuchokera olamulira akulu, omwe adachitika chifukwa chadongosolo la maziko. Zimanenedwa kuti nsanjayi idapangidwa ndi omanga omwewo omwe adamanga Moscow Kremlin, ndichifukwa chake ikufanana kwambiri ndi nsanja ya Borovitskaya. Yomangidwa ndi njerwa ndipo imakhala ndi milingo isanu ndi iwiri ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 58 mita. Pali mwambo wopanga cholakalaka chokhudza makoma ake.
Pafupi ndi gawo la Kremlin ndi Mausoleum, momwe ma khan awiri a Kazan adayikidwa. Idatsegulidwa mwangozi pomwe amayesa kuchita zimbudzi pano. Patapita kanthawi, idakutidwa ndi dome lagalasi pamwamba.
Malo ovuta a Cannon - iyi ndi imodzi mwamalo opangira komanso kukonza mfuti. Kupanga kunayamba kuchepa mu 1815, pomwe moto udayambika, ndipo patatha zaka 35 nyumbayo idasiyiratu.
Junker sukulu Ndi chinthu china chosangalatsa ku Kremlin, chomwe chimagwira ngati nkhokwe m'zaka za zana la 18, m'zaka za zana la 19 ngati fakitale ya mfuti, ndipo masiku athu ano ndi ziwonetsero. Pali nthambi ya St. Petersburg Hermitage ndi Khazine gallery.
Mtengo ndi chipilala kwa wopanga mapulani, yomwe ili paki yozunguliridwa ndi maluwa.
Nyumba zakale za ku Kazan Kremlin
Kuphatikiza pazinthu zakale, pali malo owonetsera zakale ambiri ku Kazan Kremlin. Zina mwa zosangalatsa kwambiri ndi izi:
Maulendo
Maulendo opita ku Kazan Kremlin ndi mwayi wodziwa mbiri, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya Tatarstan yonse. Zovutazi zimasunga zambiri zosangalatsa, zinsinsi ndi zinsinsi, chifukwa chake musaphonye mwayi wozithetsa ndikujambula zithunzi zosakumbukika.
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale iliyonse yomwe ili m'derali ili ndi ofesi yake yamatikiti. Kwa 2018, pali mwayi wogula tikiti imodzi yama ruble 700, yomwe idzatsegule zitseko m'malo onse osungira zakale. Mitengo yamatikiti ya ophunzira ndi ophunzira ndiyotsika.
Maola otsegulira amakopa mosiyanasiyana pazifukwa zingapo. Mutha kulowa m'derali kwaulere chaka chonse kudzera pa Spassky Gate. Kuyendera kudzera pa Taynitskaya Tower ndikotheka kuyambira 8:00 mpaka 18:00 kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo, komanso kuyambira 8:00 mpaka 22:00 kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti. Chonde dziwani kuti kujambula kujambula ndi kujambula kanema ndikuletsedwa m'matchalitchi a Kazan Kremlin.
Momwe mungayendere ku Kazan Kremlin?
Chokopa chili pagombe lamanzere la Mtsinje wa Kazanka, womwe umadutsa Volga. Mutha kufika pachimake ku Kazan m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mabasi (No. 6, 15, 29, 35, 37, 47) ndi ma trolley (No. 1, 4, 10, 17 ndi 18) amapita apa, muyenera kutsikira malo oyimilira "Central Stadium", "Palace of Sports" kapena "TSUM". Pafupi ndi Kazan Kremlin pali siteshoni ya metro ya Kremlevskaya, pomwe pali njira zochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana amzindawu. Adilesi yeniyeni yazovuta zakale ku Kazan ndi st. Kremlin, 2.
