Stanley Kubrick (1928-1999) - Woyang'anira makanema waku Britain ndi America, wolemba zosewerera, wopanga makanema, mkonzi, wojambula zithunzi komanso wojambula zithunzi. Amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa opanga mafilimu odziwika bwino kwambiri theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 2000.
Wopambana mphotho zambirimbiri zapamwamba zamakanema, kuphatikiza "Golden Lion for Career" pazomwe zachitika mu cinema. Mu 2018, International Astronomical Union idatcha phiri la Charon pokumbukira.
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Kubrick, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Stanley Kubrick.
Mbiri ya Kubrick
Stanley Kubrick adabadwa pa Julayi 26, 1928 ku New York. Anakulira m'banja lachiyuda la a Jacob Leonard ndi a Sadie Gertrude. Kuphatikiza pa iye, mtsikana, Barbara Mary, anabadwira m'banja la Kubrick.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Stanley anakulira m'banja lolemera lomwe silimatsatira miyambo ndi zikhulupiriro zachiyuda. Zotsatira zake, mnyamatayo sanakhulupirire Mulungu ndipo sanakhulupirire kuti kuli Mulungu.
Ali wachinyamata, Kubrick adaphunzira kusewera chess. Masewerawa sanasiye kumusangalatsa mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, abambo ake adamupatsa kamera, chifukwa chake adachita chidwi ndi kujambula. Kusukulu, adalandila masukulu apakatikati pamachitidwe onse.
Makolo adamukonda kwambiri Stanley, chifukwa chake adamulola kuti azichita momwe amafunira. Kusekondale, anali pasukulu yoyimba nyimbo band, akuimba ngoma. Kenako adafunanso kulumikiza moyo wake ndi jazi.
Chodabwitsa, Stanley Kubrick anali wojambula zithunzi wovomerezeka kusukulu kwawo. Pa nthawi ya mbiri yake, adakwanitsa kupeza ndalama pochita chess, kusewera m'makalabu am'deralo.
Atalandira satifiketi, Kubrick adayesetsa kulowa kuyunivesite, koma adalephera mayeso. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pambuyo pake adavomereza kuti makolo ake sanachite zambiri kuti amuphunzitse, komanso kuti kusukulu anali wopanda chidwi ndi maphunziro onse.
Makanema
Atafika ali mwana, Stanley nthawi zambiri ankayendera makanema. Anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi ntchito ya Max Ophuls, yomwe idzawonekere pantchito yake mtsogolomo.
Kubrick adayamba ntchito yake m'mafilimu ali ndi zaka 33, ndikupanga makanema achidule a kampani ya March of Time. Kale kanema wake woyamba "Tsiku Lankhondo", wojambulidwa ndi ndalama zake, adalandira ndemanga zabwino kuchokera kwa otsutsa makanema.
Pambuyo pake Stanley adapereka zolemba "Flying Padre" ndi "Sea Riders". Mu 1953, adatsogolera kanema wake woyamba, Mantha ndi Chilakolako, chomwe sichinadziwike.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, filmography wa director adadzazidwa ndi the thriller's Killer's Kiss. Kuzindikira koyamba kwenikweni kudadza kwa iye pambuyo pa sewerolo la sewero la Paths of Glory (1957), lomwe limafotokoza zomwe zidachitika pa World War (1914-1918).
Mu 1960, wosewera wa kanema Kirk Douglas, yemwe adatulutsa biopic Spartacus, adapempha Kubrick kuti alowe m'malo mwa wotsogolera. Zotsatira zake, Stanley adalamula kuti asinthe wosewera wamkulu ndikuyamba kuwombera tepi mwakufuna kwake.
Ngakhale kuti Douglas sanagwirizane ndi zisankho zambiri za Kubrick, "Spartacus" adapatsidwa "Oscars" anayi, ndipo mtsogoleriyo adadzipangira dzina lalikulu. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti Stanley anali kufunafuna mwayi uliwonse wopezera ndalama pazinthu zomwe akufuna, kuti akhalebe wodziyimira pawokha ndi omwe amapanga.
Mu 1962, bambo wina adajambula Lolita, potengera ntchito ya Vladimir Nabokov. Chithunzi ichi chinachititsa kumveka kwambiri mu mafilimu a kanema dziko. Otsutsa ena adachita chidwi ndi kulimba mtima kwa Kubrick, pomwe ena adanenanso zakusakondwa kwawo. Komabe, Lolita adasankhidwa kukhala 7 Award Academy.
Kenako Stanley adapereka nthabwala zotsutsana ndi nkhondo Doctor Strangelove, kapena How I Stopped Fearing and Loved the Bomb, yomwe imawonetsa mapulogalamu ankhondo aku America molakwika.
Kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi kudagwera Kubrick atasinthidwa ndi "A Space Odyssey 2001", yomwe idapambana Oscar pa kanema ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri komanso owonera wamba, chinali chithunzi ichi chomwe chidakhala chowoneka bwino kwambiri mu mbiri yolenga ya Stanley Kubrick.
Zopambana zochepa zidapambanidwa ndi tepi yotsatira ya master - "A Clockwork Orange" (1971). Adadzetsa chisangalalo chambiri chifukwa chakuti m'mafilimuwo mudali zochitika zambiri zachiwawa chogonana.
Izi zidatsatiridwa ndi ntchito zodziwika bwino za Stanley monga "Barry Lyndon", "Shining" ndi "Full Metal Jacket". Ntchito yomaliza ya wotsogolera inali sewero labanja la Eyes Wide Shut, lomwe linayambitsidwa mwamunayo atamwalira.
Masiku atatu asanamwalire, Stanley Kubrick adalengeza kuti adapanga kanema ina yomwe palibe amene amadziwa. Kuyankhulana uku kudangowonekera pa Webusayiti mu 2015, chifukwa a Patrick Murray, omwe adalankhula ndi mbuye, adasaina mgwirizano wosafotokozera zoyankhulana pazaka 15 zikubwerazi.
Chifukwa chake Stanley adati ndi iye amene adatsogolera kulowa kwa America pamwezi mu 1969, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kanema wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi ndiwosavuta. Malinga ndi iye, adajambula masitepe oyamba "pamwezi" mu studio yothandizira mothandizidwa ndi akuluakulu apano ndi NASA.
Kanemayo adadzetsa kumveka kwina, komwe kukupitilizabe mpaka pano. Kwazaka zambiri za mbiri yake, Kubrick adawonetsa makanema ambiri omwe akhala odziwika ngati American cinema. Zojambula zake zidawombedwa mwaluso kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri Stanley amagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zoyandikira komanso zachilendo. Nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kusungulumwa kwa munthu, kudzipatula kwake kuzowonadi mdziko lake lomwe adamupanga.
Moyo waumwini
Kwa zaka zambiri za mbiri yake, Stanley Kubrick adakwatirana katatu. Mkazi wake woyamba anali Toba Ette Metz, yemwe adakhala naye pafupifupi zaka zitatu. Pambuyo pake, adakwatirana ndi ballerina komanso zisudzo Ruth Sobotka. Komabe, mgwirizanowu sunakhalitse.
Kachitatu, Kubrick adatsika pamsewu ndi woyimba Christina Harlan, yemwe panthawiyi anali ndi mwana wamkazi. Pambuyo pake, banjali linali ndi ana awiri aakazi wamba - Vivian ndi Anna. Mu 2009, Anna adamwalira ndi khansa, ndipo Vivian adachita chidwi ndi Scientology, atasiya kulumikizana ndi abale ake.
Stanley sanakonde kukambirana za moyo wake wamwini, zomwe zidadzetsa mphekesera zambiri zabodza zokhudza iye. M'zaka za m'ma 90, sanawonekere pagulu, amakonda kukhala ndi banja lake.
Imfa
Stanley Kubrick adamwalira pa Marichi 7, 1999 ali ndi zaka 70. Chifukwa cha imfa yake chinali matenda a mtima. Ali ndi ntchito zingapo zomwe sizinachitike zomwe zatsala.
Kwa zaka 30 wakhala akutolera zida zojambulira kanema wokhudza Napoleon Bonaparte. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti pafupifupi mabuku 18,000 okhudza Napoleon adapezeka mulaibulale ya director.
Chithunzi ndi Stanley Kubrick
