Petr Yakovlevich Halperin (1902-1988) - Katswiri wazamisala waku Soviet, pulofesa komanso Wosayansi Wasayansi wa RSFSR. Dokotala wa Sayansi Yophunzitsa.
Mbiri ya Halperin ili ndi zambiri zosangalatsa, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Peter Halperin.
Wambiri Halperin
Pyotr Halperin adabadwa pa Okutobala 2, 1902 ku Tambov. Iye anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja la dokotala wa opaleshoni ya ubongo ndi otolaryngologist Yakov Halperin. Anali ndi mchimwene wake Theodore ndi mlongo wake Pauline.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Vuto loyamba mu mbiri ya katswiri wamaganizidwe amtsogolo lidachitika muunyamata, pomwe amayi ake adagwidwa ndikuphedwa ndi galimoto. Peter anavutika kwambiri ndi imfa ya amayi ake, omwe amawakonda kwambiri.
Zotsatira zake, mutu wabanja adakwatiranso. Mwamwayi, mayi opeza adakwanitsa kufikira Peter ndi ana ena amwamuna wake. Halperin adaphunzira bwino pa malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, akumathera nthawi yochuluka akuwerenga mabuku.
Ngakhale pamenepo, mnyamatayo adayamba kuchita chidwi ndi nzeru za anthu, pomwe adayamba kupita pagulu lolingana. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti abambo ake adamulimbikitsa kuti azichita zamankhwala mwakuya ndikutsata mapazi ake.
Izi zidapangitsa kuti, atalandira satifiketi, Halperin adakhoza bwino mayeso ku Kharkov Medical Institute. Iye anafufuza kwambiri psychoneurology ndipo anaphunzira zotsatira za kutsirikitsa pa kusinthasintha kwa leukocytosis m'mimba, komwe pambuyo pake adadzipereka pantchito yake.
Atakhala katswiri wodziwika bwino, Petr Halperin adayamba kugwira ntchito pakati pa omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Apa ndipamene adazindikira kuti zovuta zamagetsi ndizomwe zimayambitsa zizolowezi.
Ali ndi zaka 26, wasayansi wachinyamata uja adapemphedwa kukagwira ntchito labotale ku Ukraine Psychoneurological Institute, komwe adakumana ndi psychologist ndi wafilosofi Alexei Leontiev.
Psychology
Pyotr Halperin anali membala wokangalika wa gulu lamaganizidwe a Kharkov, lotsogozedwa ndi Leontyev. Panthawiyi ya mbiri yake, adasanthula kusiyana pakati pa zida zaumunthu ndi zothandizira ziweto, komwe adapatula Ph.D. malingaliro ake mu 1937.
Kumayambiriro kwa Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) Galperin ndi anzawo adasamutsidwa kupita ku Tyumen, komwe adakhala zaka ziwiri. Pambuyo pake, atapemphedwa ndi Leontyev yemweyo, adasamukira kudera la Sverdlovsk.
Apa Pyotr Yakovlevich adagwira ntchito pakatikati kuti achire mabala a zipolopolo. Anakwanitsa kutsimikizira chiphunzitso chakuti zoyenda za wodwalayo zimayambiranso mwachangu ngati zakhazikika ndi zochitika zopindulitsa.
Mwachitsanzo, zidzakhala zosavuta kwa wodwalayo kusunthira dzanja lake pambali kuti atenge chinthu m'malo mongopanga zopanda pake. Zotsatira zake, zomwe Halperin adachita zimawonetsedwa pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, anali atakhala wolemba buku la "On Attitude in Thinking" (1941).
Pambuyo pake, mwamunayo adakhazikika ku Moscow, komwe adagwira ntchito ku Yunivesite yotchuka ya Moscow State. Adalembedwa ku Faculty of Philosophy ndipo anali wothandizira pulofesa ku department of Psychology. Apa anali akuchita nawo uphunzitsi kuyambira 1947.
Zinali mu likulu Pyotr Halperin anayamba kukhala ndi chiphunzitso cha mapangidwe pangʻonopangʻono zochita za m'maganizo, amene anam'pangitsa kutchuka kwambiri ndi kuzindikira. Tanthauzo la chiphunzitsochi limatsimikizira kuti malingaliro amunthu amakula pochita zinthu ndi zinthu.
Wasayansiyo adazindikira magawo angapo ofunikira kuti zinthu zakunja zizimitsidwa ndikukhala mkati - zidabweretsedwera ku automatism ndikuchita mosazindikira.
Ndipo ngakhale malingaliro a Halperin adakhumudwitsa anzawo pakati pa anzawo, adapeza zofunikira pakukweza njira yophunzitsira. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pamaziko a chiphunzitsochi, otsatira ake adakwanitsa kuchita ntchito zambiri kuti akwaniritse zomwe akuphunzira.
Mbali za malingaliro ake, a Peter Halperin adalongosola mwatsatanetsatane m'buku la "Introduction to Psychology", lomwe lidakhala gawo lodziwika ku psychology. M'zaka zotsatira za mbiri yake, adapitiliza kugwira ntchito ku Moscow State University.
Mu 1965, psychologist anakhala dokotala wa sayansi yophunzitsa, ndipo patapita zaka zingapo adapatsidwa digiri ya profesa. Mu 1978 adafalitsa buku "Mavuto enieni a psychology yachitukuko." Pambuyo pazaka ziwiri, mwamunayo anali kale Wasayansi Wolemekezeka wa RSFSR.
Imodzi mwa ntchito zomaliza za Halperin, yomwe idasindikizidwa nthawi ya moyo wake, inali yodzipereka kwa ana ndipo amatchedwa - "Njira zophunzitsira ndikukula kwamwana."
Moyo waumwini
Mkazi wa Pyotr Halperin anali Tamara Meerson, yemwe amamudziwa kusukulu. Banjali linakhala moyo wautali komanso wosangalala limodzi. Muukwati uwu, anali ndi mtsikana wotchedwa Sofia. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti anali Tamara yemwe mwamuna wake adapatula bukuli "Introduction to Psychology".
Imfa
Peter Halperin adamwalira pa Marichi 25, 1988 ali ndi zaka 85. Thanzi lake ndi lomwe lidamupangitsa kuti aphedwe.
