Dongosolo la Marshall (yotchedwa "Europe Reconstruction Program") - pulogalamu yothandizira ku Europe pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse (1939-1945). Adakonza mu 1947 ndi Secretary of State wa US a George C. Marshall ndipo adayamba kugwira ntchito mu Epulo 1948. Mayiko 17 aku Europe adatenga nawo gawo pokwaniritsa ndondomekoyi.
Munkhaniyi, tiwona zofunikira za Marshall Plan.
Mbiri ya Dongosolo la Marshall
Dongosolo la Marshall lidapangidwa kuti likhazikitse bata pambuyo pa nkhondo ku Western Europe. Boma la America lidachita chidwi ndi ndondomekoyi pazifukwa zambiri.
Makamaka, United States yalengeza mwalamulo chikhumbo chawo ndi thandizo lawo pobwezeretsa chuma ku Europe pambuyo pa nkhondo yowononga. Kuphatikiza apo, United States idayesetsa kuthana ndi zopinga zamalonda ndikuwononga chikominisi m'maofesi.
Panthawiyo, wamkulu wa White House anali a Harry Truman, omwe adapatsa General George Marshall wopuma pantchito kuti akhale Secretary of State m'boma la President.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Truman anali ndi chidwi ndi kukula kwa Cold War, chifukwa chake amafunikira munthu yemwe angalimbikitse zofuna za boma m'malo osiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zake, Marshall anali woyenera kuchita izi, popeza anali ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri komanso nzeru.
Pulogalamu yobwezeretsa ku Europe
Nkhondo itatha, mayiko ambiri ku Europe anali pamavuto azachuma. Anthu analibe zofunikira zofunika pamoyo wawo ndipo anali ndi kukhudzidwa kwakukulu.
Kukula kwachuma kunali pang'onopang'ono, ndipo panthawiyi, m'maiko ambiri chikominisi chinali kukhala malingaliro ofala kwambiri.
Atsogoleri aku America anali ndi nkhawa ndi kufalikira kwa malingaliro achikominisi, powona kuti izi zikuwopseza chitetezo chadziko.
M'chilimwe cha 1947, oimira mayiko 17 aku Europe adakumana ku France kuti akambirane za Marshall Plan. Mwalamulo, dongosololi limayang'ana kukulitsa chuma mwachangu komanso kuthana ndi zopinga zamalonda. Zotsatira zake, ntchitoyi idayamba kugwira ntchito pa Epulo 4, 1948.
Malinga ndi dongosolo la Marshall Plan, United States idalonjeza kupereka madola 12.3 biliyoni mopanda thandizo, ngongole zotsika mtengo komanso kubwereketsa kwazaka zopitilira 4. Mwa kupereka ngongole zowolowa manja, America idatsata zolinga zadyera.
Chowonadi ndichakuti pambuyo pa nkhondo, United States inali boma lokhalo lokhalo lomwe chuma chake chidatsalira. Chifukwa cha ichi, dola yaku US yakhala ndalama zosungidwa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Komabe, ngakhale panali zinthu zingapo zabwino, America idafunikira msika wogulitsa, chifukwa chake idafunikira Europe kuti ikhale yokhazikika.
Chifukwa chake, pobwezeretsa ku Europe, aku America adayikapo ndalama kuti zikule bwino. Sitiyenera kuyiwala kuti, malinga ndi zomwe zili mu Marshall Plan, ndalama zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha kugula zinthu zamafakitale ndiulimi.
Komabe, United States sinali ndi chidwi ndi zachuma zokha, komanso zopindulitsa pazandale. Atanyansidwa ndi chikomyunizimu, anthu aku America adaonetsetsa kuti mayiko onse omwe akutenga nawo gawo pa Marshall Plan athamangitse achikominisi m'maboma awo.
Pozula mphamvu zotsutsana ndi chikominisi, America idakhudzanso mapangidwe andale m'maiko angapo. Chifukwa chake, kulipira kwakubwezeretsa chuma kumayiko omwe adalandila ngongole kunali kutayika pang'ono podziyimira pawokha pazandale komanso zachuma.
