Valentin Louis Georges Eugene Marcel Proust (1871-1922) - Wolemba ku France, wolemba ndakatulo, wolemba mabuku, woimira masiku ano m'mabuku. Adapeza kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha epic 7 yamavuto "Kufufuza Nthawi Yotayika" - imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri m'mabuku apadziko lonse lapansi m'zaka za zana la 20.
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Marcel Proust, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Proust.
Mbiri ya Marcel Proust
Marcel Proust adabadwa pa Julayi 10, 1871 ku Paris. Amayi ake, Jeanne Weil, anali mwana wamkazi wama broker achiyuda. Abambo ake, Adrian Proust, anali katswiri wodziwika wa miliri yemwe anali kufunafuna njira zoletsera kolera. Adalemba zolemba zambiri ndi mabuku azachipatala ndi ukhondo.
Pamene Marcel anali ndi zaka 9, adayamba kudwala mphumu, zomwe zidamuzunza mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake. Mu 1882, makolo anatumiza mwana wake kukaphunzira pa osankhika Lyceum Condorcet. Nthawi yonseyi ya mbiri yake, amakonda kwambiri filosofi ndi zolemba, momwe amathera nthawi yochuluka akuwerenga mabuku.
Ku Lyceum, Proust adapeza abwenzi ambiri, kuphatikiza wojambula Morse Denis ndi wolemba ndakatulo Fernand Greg. Pambuyo pake, mnyamatayo adaphunzira ku dipatimenti yazamalamulo ku Sorbonne, koma sanathe kumaliza maphunzirowa. Anayendera ma salon osiyanasiyana aku Parisian, komwe anthu osankhidwa onse likulu anasonkhana.
Ali ndi zaka 18, Marcel Proust adalowa usirikali ku Orleans. Atabwerera kunyumba, anapitirizabe kukhala ndi chidwi ndi mabuku ndikupita kumabuku. Mmodzi wa iwo, adakumana ndi wolemba Anatole France, yemwe adaneneratu za tsogolo labwino.
Mabuku
Mu 1892, Proust, pamodzi ndi anthu amalingaliro ofanana, adayambitsa magazini ya Pir. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, mndandanda wa ndakatulo udatuluka pansi pa cholembera chake, chomwe chidalandiridwa bwino ndi otsutsa.
Mu 1896 Marseille adasindikiza nkhani zazifupi Zachisangalalo ndi Masiku. Ntchitoyi idatsutsidwa kwambiri ndi wolemba Jean Lorrain. Zotsatira zake, Proust adakwiya kwambiri kotero kuti adatsutsa Lorrain kuti am'patse duel koyambirira kwa 1897.
Marcel anali Anglophile, zomwe zikuwonekera pantchito yake. Mwa njira, ma Anglophiles ndi anthu omwe amakonda kwambiri Chingerezi (zaluso, chikhalidwe, zolemba, ndi zina zambiri), zomwe zimawonekera pakufunitsitsa kutengera moyo ndi malingaliro aku Britain munjira iliyonse.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, Proust adagwira nawo ntchito yomasulira Chingerezi mu French. Pa mbiri ya 1904-1906. adafalitsa kumasulira kwamabuku wolemba wolemba Chingerezi komanso wolemba ndakatulo a John Ruskin - The Bible of Amiens ndi Sesame and Lilies.
Olemba mbiri ya Marcel amakhulupirira kuti mapangidwe a umunthu wake adakhudzidwa ndi ntchito ya olemba monga Montaigne, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Stendhal, Flaubert ndi ena. Mu 1908, zolemba za olemba angapo, zolembedwa ndi Proust, zidapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana osindikiza. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti izi zidamuthandiza kusintha mawonekedwe ake apadera.
Pambuyo pake, wolemba prose adakhala ndi chidwi cholemba zolemba zomwe zimafotokoza mitu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Ndipo komabe ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya Proust ndi epic 7 yamavuto "Kufufuza Nthawi Yotayika", zomwe zidamupangitsa kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti m'bukuli, wolemba adatenga nawo ngwazi pafupifupi 2500. M'chinenero chonse cha Chirasha, "Search" ili ndi masamba pafupifupi 3500! Atatulutsidwa, ena adayamba kutcha Marcel wolemba mabuku wabwino kwambiri wazaka za zana la 20. Epic iyi inali ndimabuku 7 otsatirawa:
- "Kupita ku Svan";
- "Pansi pa denga la atsikana pachimake";
- "Ku Ajeremani";
- Sodomu ndi Gomora;
- "Wogwidwa";
- "Thawani";
- Nthawi Yopezeka.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kuzindikira kwenikweni kudabwera Proust atamwalira, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi akatswiri. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mu 1999 kafukufuku wokhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu adachitidwa ku France pakati pa ogula sitolo.
Okonzekerawo akufuna kudziwa ntchito zabwino kwambiri za m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri. Zotsatira zake, epic ya Proust "Kufufuza Nthawi Yotayika" idatenga malo achiwiri pamndandandawu.
Lero zomwe zimatchedwa "Marcel Proust questionnaire" ndizodziwika bwino. Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka zapitazi, m'maiko ambiri, owonetsa TV adafunsa mafunso otchuka kuchokera pamafunso omwewo. Tsopano mtolankhani wotchuka komanso wowonetsa TV Vladimir Pozner akupitiliza mwambowu mu pulogalamu ya Pozner.
Moyo waumwini
Ambiri sadziwa kuti Marcel Proust anali kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kwa kanthawi anali ndi nyumba yachigololo, pomwe ankakonda kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake yopuma mu "gulu la amuna".
Woyang'anira bungweli anali Albert le Cousier, yemwe Proust akuti anali ndi chibwenzi naye. Kuphatikiza apo, wolemba amadziwika kuti anali ndi ubale wachikondi ndi wolemba Reinaldo An. Mutu wa chikondi cha amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ukhoza kuwonedwa m'mabuku ena azakale.
Marcel Proust mwina anali munthu woyamba kulemba nthawi imeneyo yemwe adalimba mtima kufotokoza zaubwenzi wapakati pa amuna. Adasanthula kwambiri vuto la kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndikupatsa owerenga chowonadi chobisika chazolumikizana izi.
Imfa
Kugwa kwa 1922, wolemba prose adadwala chimfine ndikudwala bronchitis. Posakhalitsa, chifuwa chinayambitsa chibayo. Marcel Proust adamwalira pa Novembala 18, 1922 ali ndi zaka 51. Iye anaikidwa m'manda otchuka ku Paris Pere Lachaise.
Zithunzi za Proust
