Antonio Lucho (Lucio, Lucio) Vivaldi (1678-1741) - Wolemba nyimbo waku Italiya, violin virtuoso, mphunzitsi, woyendetsa komanso wansembe wachikatolika. Vivaldi ndi m'modzi mwa otsogola kwambiri zaluso zaku violin zaku Italy mzaka za zana la 18.
Mwini wamkulu wa konsati ya ensemble ndi orchestral ndi Concerto Grosso, wolemba ma opera 40. Makonsati anayi a zeze "Nyengo" amawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zake zodziwika bwino.
Mbiri ya Vivaldi pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, musanakhale ndi mbiri yayifupi ya Antonio Vivaldi.
Mbiri ya Vivaldi
Antonio Vivaldi adabadwa pa Marichi 4, 1678 ku Venice. Anakulira ndipo adaleredwa m'banja la wometa komanso woyimba Giovanni Battista ndi mkazi wake Camilla. Kuphatikiza pa Antonio, kubadwa kwa banja la Vivaldi kunaberekanso ana akazi atatu ndi ana amuna awiri.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Wolemba mtsogolo adabadwa nthawi isanakwane, m'mwezi wa 7. Mzamba adalimbikitsa makolo kuti abatize mwanayo nthawi yomweyo, kuti mwina amwalira mwadzidzidzi.
Zotsatira zake, patangopita maola ochepa mwanayo adabatizidwa, monga zikuwonekera ndikulowa m'buku la tchalitchi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ku Venice kunachitika chivomerezi patsiku lobadwa la Vivaldi. Izi zidadabwitsa amayi ake mpaka adaganiza zosankha mwana wawo wamwamuna kukhala wansembe atakula.
Antonio sanasangalale ndi thanzi lake. Makamaka, adadwala mphumu. Zambiri sizikudziwika zaubwana ndiunyamata wa wolemba. Mwinanso, anali mutu wabanja yemwe adaphunzitsa mnyamatayo kusewera vayolini.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti mwanayo amadziwa bwino chida chake mwakuti nthawi ndi nthawi amalowa m'malo mwa abambo ake kutchalitchi akachoka mumzinda.
Pambuyo pake, mnyamatayo adachita ntchito ya "wopanga zigoli" pakachisi, ndikutsegulira amipingo. Anali wofunitsitsa kukhala mtsogoleri wachipembedzo, zomwe zinasangalatsa makolo ake. Mu 1704, mnyamatayo anali ndi Misa kutchalitchi, koma chifukwa chodwala, zinali zovuta kuti athe kuthana ndi ntchito yake.
M'tsogolomu, Antonio Vivaldi adzagwiranso Misa kangapo, pambuyo pake adzasiya ntchito zake pakachisi, ngakhale apitilizabe kukhala wansembe.
Nyimbo
Ali ndi zaka 25, Vivaldi adayamba kukhala woyimba zeze wa virtuoso, pomwe adayamba kuphunzitsa ana amasiye ndi ana osauka kusewera chida kusukulu ya amonke, kenako ku Conservatory. Inali nthawi imeneyi yonena kuti adayamba kulemba ntchito zake zanzeru.
Antonio Vivaldi adalemba makonsati, cantata ndi nyimbo zaphokoso zochokera m'malemba a ophunzira. Ntchitoyi idapangidwira kuyimba kwapagulu, kwayala komanso kwayimbidwe. Pasanapite nthawi anayamba kuphunzitsa ana amasiye kuti azisewera osati vayolini yokha, komanso viola.
Mu 1716, Vivaldi adapatsidwa udindo woyang'anira malo owerengera, chifukwa chake anali woyang'anira zochitika zonse zoyimba za sukuluyi. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, 2 wothamanga wa wolemba nyimboyo, ma sonatas 12 aliwonse, ndi makonsati 12 - "Kugwirizana Kouziridwa", anali atasindikizidwa kale.
Nyimbo zaku Italiya zidatchuka kunja kwa boma. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti Antonio adachita ku kazembe wa France komanso pamaso pa mfumu yaku Denmark Frederick IV, yemwe pambuyo pake adapatulira ma sonata ambiri.
Pambuyo pake, Vivaldi adakhazikika ku Mantua poyitanidwa ndi Prince Philip waku Hesse-Darmstadt. Munthawi imeneyi adayamba kupanga ma opera, oyamba omwe amatchedwa Otto ku Villa. Pamene impresario ndi othandizira adamva ntchitoyi, adayamika.
Zotsatira zake, a Antonio Vivaldi adalandira lamulo loti apange zisudzo zatsopano kuchokera kwa director of the San Angelo Theatre. Malinga ndi wolemba, nthawi kuyambira 1713-1737. adalemba ma opera 94, koma ndi 50 okha omwe apulumuka mpaka lero.
Poyamba zonse zinkayenda bwino, koma pambuyo pake anthu aku Venetian adayamba kutaya chidwi ndi ma opera. Mu 1721, Vivaldi adapita ku Milan, komwe adakatulutsa sewero "Sylvia", ndipo chaka chotsatira adapereka oratorio yochokera munkhani ya m'Baibulo.
Ndiye woimba uja anakhala kwakanthawi ku Roma, ndikupanga ma opera atsopano. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Papa adampempha kuti akapereke konsati. Chochitikachi chidakhala chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri mu mbiri yake, popeza Vivaldi anali wansembe wachikatolika.
Mu 1723-1724 Vivaldi adalemba "Nyengo" zotchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Makonsati anayi a zezeyi adadzipereka kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu, nthawi yozizira, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira. Akatswiri a zoimbaimba komanso okonda nyimbo zachikale amazindikira kuti ntchitoyi ikuyimira kutchuka kwa Italiya.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti woganiza wotchuka Jean-Jacques Rousseau adalankhula zabwino za ntchito ya Antonio. Komanso, iye ankakonda kuchita nyimbo zina pa chitoliro.
Kuyendera mwachangu kudatsogolera Vivaldi kukakumana ndi wolamulira waku Austria Karl 6, yemwe amakonda nyimbo zake. Zotsatira zake, ubale wapamtima unayamba pakati pawo. Ndipo ngati ku Venice ntchito ya maestro sinathenso kutchuka, ndiye ku Europe zonse zinali zosiyana.
Atakumana ndi Karl 6, Vivaldi adasamukira ku Austria, akuyembekeza kuti ntchito ikula. Komabe, mfumuyo idamwalira Italiya itangofika. Kumapeto kwa moyo wake, Antonio adayenera kugulitsa ntchito yake kwa khobidi limodzi, atakumana ndi mavuto azachuma.
Moyo waumwini
Popeza maestro anali wansembe, iye amatsatira umbeta, monga momwe lamulo lachikatolika limafunira. Komabe, am'nthawi yake adamugwira pafupi ndi mwana wake Anna Giraud ndi mlongo wake Paolina.
Vivaldi adaphunzitsa Anna nyimbo, akumulembera zisudzo zambiri komanso magawo ake. Achinyamata nthawi zambiri amapumula limodzi ndikupita limodzi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Paolina anali wokonzeka kumchitira chilichonse.
Mtsikanayo ankasamalira Antonio, kumamuthandiza kuthana ndi matenda osatha komanso kufooka kwakuthupi. Atsogoleri achipembedzo sankaonanso modekha momwe anali ndi atsikana awiri achichepere.
Mu 1738, Cardinal-Archbishop wa ku Ferrara, komwe kunali zikondwerero zamasewera nthawi zonse, adaletsa Vivaldi ndi ophunzira ake kulowa mumzinda. Kuphatikiza apo, adalamula kuti azikondwerera Misa, polingalira za kugwa kwa woyimbayo.
Imfa
Antonio Vivaldi adamwalira pa Julayi 28, 1741 ku Vienna, atangomwalira kumene omuthandizira Charles 6. Pa nthawi yomwe amamwalira, anali ndi zaka 63. Kwa miyezi ingapo yapitayo, adakhala mu umphawi wathunthu ndikuiwalika, chifukwa chake adayikidwa m'manda a anthu osauka.
