Rudolf Walter Richard Hess (1894-1987) - kazembe komanso wandale waku Germany, wachiwiri kwa Fuhrer mu NSDAP ndi Reichsminister.
Mu 1941 adathawira ku Great Britain, akuyesera kutsimikizira aku Britain kuti achite mgwirizano ndi Nazi Germany, koma adalephera.
Hess adamangidwa ndi aku Britain ndipo adamangidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo, pambuyo pake adasamutsidwira ku Khothi Lankhondo Lapadziko Lonse, lomwe lidamulamula kuti akhale m'ndende moyo wawo wonse. Mpaka imfa yake, adakhalabe wokhulupirika kwa Hitler ndi Nazi. Atadzipha, adasandulika fano la Nazi-omwe adamukweza mpaka kukhala ofera.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Rudolf Hess, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Hess.
Mbiri ya Rudolf Hess
Rudolf Hess adabadwa pa Epulo 26, 1894 ku Egypt Alexandria. Anakulira m'banja la munthu wina wachuma waku Bavaria Johann Fritz ndi mkazi wake Clara Münch. Kuphatikiza pa Rudolph, mwana wamwamuna dzina lake Alfred ndi mtsikana Margarita anabadwira m'banja la Hess.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
A Hessia ankakhala m'nyumba yayikulu yomangidwa m'mbali mwa nyanja. Ubwana wonse wamtsogolo wa Nazi udakhala mdera la Germany ku Alexandria, chifukwa chake iye kapena mchimwene wake ndi mlongo wake sanalumikizane ndi Aigupto komanso anthu amitundu ina.
Mutu wa banjali anali munthu wowuma mtima komanso wopondereza yemwe amafuna kuti amvere mosakayika konse. Ana adaleredwa mokhwima, kutsatira ndandanda ya tsikulo. Mu 1900, abambo anga adagula malo m'mudzi wa Bavaria ku Reicholdsgrün, komwe adamanga nyumba yazipinda ziwiri.
Apa a Hesse adapumula chaka chilichonse mchilimwe, ndipo nthawi zina samachoka m'mudzimo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Rudolph ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 6, makolo ake adamutumiza kusukulu ya Chiprotestanti, koma pambuyo pake abambo ake adaganiza zophunzitsa ana onse awiri kunyumba.
Ali ndi zaka 14, Rudolf Hess adapitiliza maphunziro ake ku Germany House boarding school ya anyamata. Apa adapatsa maphunziro abwino, komanso amaphunzitsidwa mmisiri osiyanasiyana ndikuphunzitsa masewera. Pakadali pano, mbiri ya mnyamatayo idasiyanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwake komanso kudzipatula.
Hess posakhalitsa adakhala m'modzi mwa ophunzira abwino kwambiri. Atamaliza maphunziro awo kusukulu yopita komweko, adalowa Sukulu Yophunzitsa Zapamwamba ku Switzerland. Apa adaphunzitsidwa zamalonda, zazifupi komanso zolemba. Komabe, ku bungweli adaphunzira zambiri atapemphedwa ndi abambo ake, omwe amafuna kusamutsira bizinesiyo, m'malo mwa iwo okha.
Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse (1914-1918) idathandizira Rudolph kuti adzimasule ku "zomangira zamalonda". Iye anali m'modzi mwa odzipereka oyamba kupita kutsogolo. Ngakhale abambo adatsutsana ndi lingaliro la mwana wawo, nthawi ino mnyamatayo adalimba mtima ndipo sanasinthe zikhulupiriro zake.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Hess adauza abambo ake mawu awa: "Lero, malamulo saperekedwa ndi amalonda, koma ndi asirikali." Kutsogolo, adadziwonetsa ngati mfuti wolimba mtima komanso woyenda pansi. Ankachita nawo nkhondo zovuta kwambiri, ndipo anavulala mobwerezabwereza.
Mu Okutobala 1917, Rudolf Hess adakwezedwa kukhala lieutenant, pambuyo pake adasamukira ku Gulu Lankhondo Laku Germany. Adagwira nawo gulu lankhondo ndipo adapatsidwa digiri yachiwiri ya Iron Cross.
Nkhondoyo idasokoneza moyo wabanja. Bizinesi ya Hess Sr. idalandidwa, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti zizikhala zovuta kuti asamalire mkazi wake ndi ana ake. Ankhondo omenyera nkhondo anali ndi ufulu wophunzitsidwa mwaulere. Pachifukwa ichi, Rudolph adalowa University of Munich ngati wachuma, komwe adayamba kucheza ndi Hermann Goering.
Ndale
Mu 1919, Hess adapita kumsonkhano wa Thule Society, zamatsenga zandale zaku Germany. Apa kukwezedwa kwa mtundu wa Aryan kuposa ena kunakambidwa ndikuwongoleredwa, komanso anti-Semitism komanso kukonda dziko. Zomwe anamva pamisonkhano zidakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe ake.
Patapita nthawi, Rudolph anakumana ndi wachikoka Adolf Hitler, amene anachita chidwi ndi iye. Nthawi yomweyo amunawo adapeza chilankhulo chimodzi pakati pawo.
Hess adalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi zoyankhula zoyipa za Hitler kotero kuti adamutsatira ndipo anali wokonzeka kupereka moyo wake chifukwa cha iye. Mu Novembala 1923, a Nazi adayesa kulanda mphamvu, zomwe zidadziwika ngati Beer Putsch.
Komabe, kulanda boma kudathetsedwa, ndipo ambiri mwa omwe adakonza nawo komanso omwe adatenga nawo mbali adamangidwa. Zotsatira zake, a Hitler ndi a Hess adatsekeredwa m'ndende ya Landsberg. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kunali komwe mtsogoleri wamtsogolo wa Ulamuliro Wachitatu adalemba kwambiri buku lake "Kulimbana Kwanga".
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti akaidi anali osungidwa modekha kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kusonkhana patebulo ndikukambirana mandale. Pokambirana izi, Rudolph adayamba kumukonda kwambiri Hitler. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti anali Hess yemwe adalemba mitu yambiri ya My Struggle, komanso adachita ngati mkonzi wa bukuli.
Mu Januwale 1925, andendewo adamasulidwa. Rudolph adalimbikitsa Adolf kuti akhale mlembi wake. Ndikofunikira kudziwa, kuwonjezera pamaudindo ake achindunji, Hess amasamaliranso zakudya za abwana ake komanso machitidwe ake. Olemba mbiri ya anthu ananena kuti anali makamaka chifukwa cha iye mu 1933 Fuhrer anakhala mutu wa dziko.
Anazi atayamba kulamulira, Hitler anasankha Rudolf kukhala wachiwiri wake woyamba. A Hess adaphunzitsanso anzawo achipani kuti azikhala okhwima, komanso amalimbikitsanso kulimbana ndi kusuta fodya ndi kumwa. Analetsanso a Nazi kuti azigwirizana kwambiri ndi Ayuda. Kuphatikiza apo, adawazunza anthuwa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale malamulo amtundu wa Nuremberg (1935).
Chaka chilichonse, Ulamuliro Wachitatu udakhala dziko lokhala ndi zida zambiri komanso chuma. A Fuehrer adalengeza zakufunika kogonjetsa madera atsopano, ndichifukwa chake a Nazi adayamba kukonzekera nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse (1939-1945).
Mtsogoleri waku Germany adawona Britain ngati mnzake wodalirika, chifukwa chake adapatsa aku Britain kuti asayine mgwirizano: Germany iyenera kukhala yolamulira ku Europe, ndipo Britain iyenera kubwerera kumayiko aku Germany. Ndizoyenera kudziwa kuti a Nazi amawona kuti nzika zaku United Kingdom ndi anthu achibale "Aryan".
Zokambiranazo zidafika pangozi, pambuyo pake Rudolf Hess adatenga "Peace Mission". Pa Meyi 10, 1941, adapita mwachinsinsi kupita ku Scotland, kuti akapemphe thandizo ku Britain. Kudzera mwa omuthandiza, adafunsa kuti adziwitse Hitler za zomwe adachita atachoka ku Germany.
Atafika kugombe lakumadzulo kwa Scotland, adayamba kufunafuna mzere wokwera, womwe udalembedwa pamapu. Komabe, osamupeza, adaganiza zosiya.
Pakulumpha kwa parachuti, Rudolf Hess adagunda mwendo wake mwamphamvu pamchira wa ndege, chifukwa chake adakomoka. Anabwera yekha atatsika, atazunguliridwa ndi asitikali.
Fuehrer atauzidwa zomwe zidachitika, adakwiya. Kuchita mosasamala kwa Hess kudasokoneza kulumikizana komwe kumakhazikitsidwa ndi ogwirizana. Atakwiya, Hitler adamutcha Rudolph wopenga komanso woukira Germany.
"Ntchito yamtendere" ya woyendetsa ndegeyo inali yokakamiza Churchill kuti achite mgwirizano ndi Ulamuliro Wachitatu, koma sizinaphule kanthu. Zotsatira zake, machitidwe a Hess anali opanda ntchito.
Kutsiliza ndi kuyesa
Atamangidwa, Rudolph anafunsidwa mafunso kwa zaka pafupifupi 4. Nthawi yonseyi ya mkaidi, adayesa kudzipha katatu ndipo adayamba kuwonetsa kusokonezeka kwamisala. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pomwe adapita naye kukhothi ku Nuremberg, adali amnesia.
Mu Okutobala 1946, oweruza adaweruza Hess kuti akhale m'ndende moyo wonse, ndikumuimba milandu ingapo yayikulu. Chaka chotsatira, adayikidwa m'ndende ya Spandau.
M'zaka za m'ma 60, abale a Rudolf adalimbikira kuti amasulidwe msanga. Ananenanso kuti amamuzunza komanso kuti akusungidwa munthawi yovuta.
Khotilo linakana kumasula Hess. Komabe, mkaidi yemweyo sanafune kumasulidwa motere, nati: "Ulemu wanga kwa ine ndiwoposa ufulu wanga." Mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake, adakhalabe wokhulupirika kwa Hitler ndipo sanavomereze kuti ali ndi mlandu.
Moyo waumwini
Kumapeto kwa 1927, Rudolf Hess adakwatirana ndi Ilse Prel. Amakonda mkazi wake kwambiri ndipo amamulembera ndakatulo. Komabe, m'kalata yopita kwa mnzake, Ilsa adanena kuti mwamuna wake samachita bwino muukwati wake.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti m'banja lino mwana woyamba komanso yekhayo, Wolf Rüdiger Hess, adabadwa zaka 10 zokha atakwatirana. Anthu a m'nthawi ya Hess amakayikira a Nazi kuti ndi achiwerewere. Komabe, ngati zidalidi zovuta kunena.
Imfa
Rudolf Hess adadzipha pa 17 August 1987 podzipachika mndende. Atamwalira, anali ndi zaka 93. Mpaka chaka cha 2011, thupi la Anazi lidapumula kumanda achi Lutheran, koma pambuyo poti malowo agwire ntchito, zotsalira za Hess zidawotchedwa, ndipo phulusa lidafalikira panyanja.
Chithunzi ndi Rudolf Hess
