Achinyamata a Hitler - bungwe la achinyamata la NSDAP. Yoletsedwa mu 1945 panthawi yachipembedzo.
Hitler Youth Organisation idakhazikitsidwa mchilimwe cha 1926 ngati National Socialist Youth Movement. Mtsogoleri wawo anali Mtsogoleri Wachinyamata wa Reich Baldur von Schirach, yemwe adafotokozera Adolf Hitler.
Mbiri ndi zochitika za Achinyamata a Hitler
M'zaka zapitazi za Republic of Weimar, Achinyamata a Hitler adathandizira pakuwonjezera nkhanza ku Germany. Achinyamata azaka zapakati pa 10 mpaka 18 amatha kulowa nawo mgululi. Magulu a Achinyamata a Hitler adaukira makanema akuwonetsa kanema wotsutsa nkhondo All Quiet on the Western Front.
Izi zidapangitsa kuti boma lisankhe kuletsa chithunzichi m'mizinda yambiri yaku Germany. Nthawi zina, olamulira amayesetsa mokakamiza kukhazika mtima pansi mnyamatayu. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1930, mtsogoleri wa Hanover, a Gustav Noske, adaletsa ana asukulu kulowa nawo Gulu la Achichepere a Hitler, pambuyo pake lamulo lomweli lidayeneranso kumadera ena.
Komabe, izi sizinathandize. Anazi adadzitcha omenyera ufulu omwe amazunzidwa ndi boma. Kuphatikiza apo, akuluakulu aboma atatseka chipinda chimodzi kapena china cha Hitler Youth, chimodzimodzi chimapezeka m'malo mwake, koma ndi dzina lina.
Pamene yunifolomu ya Achinyamata a Hitler italetsedwa ku Germany, m'malo ena magulu achichepere obisalira anayamba kuyenda m'misewu atavala zovala zothira magazi. Otsutsa gulu la achinyamata anali ndi mantha, chifukwa amadziwa kuti aliyense anali ndi mpeni wobisika pansi pa thewera lawo.
Panthawi yachisankho, Achinyamata a Hitler adathandizira a Nazi. Anyamatawo anagawira timapepala ta zikwangwani ndipo anaika zikwangwani zolembedwa kuti. Nthawi zina omwe amatenga nawo mbali mgululi ankakumana ndi otsutsana nawo, achikominisi.
Mu nthawi ya 1931-1933. anthu oposa 20 a Hitler Youth anaphedwa pankhondo zoterezi. Ena mwa omwe adazunzidwa adakwezedwa ndi a Nazi kupita nawo ngwazi zadziko, ndikuwatcha "ozunzidwa" komanso "ofera" andale.
Utsogoleri wa Hitler Youth ndi NSDAP adapempha omwe amawathandizira kuti abwezeretse imfa ya anyamata atsokawo. Anazi atayamba kulamulira, malamulo a Hitler Youth adakhazikitsidwa, ndipo pambuyo pake Youth Call of Duty Bill.
Chifukwa chake, ngati kulowa m'mbuyomu ku Hitler Youth inali nkhani yodzifunira, tsopano kutenga nawo mbali mgululi ndikofunikira kwa Mjeremani aliyense. Gulu posakhalitsa lidayamba kukhala gawo la NSDAP.
Utsogoleri wa Gulu la Achinyamata la Hitler unayesa m'njira iliyonse kukopa achinyamata kuti akhale pagulu lawo. Maulendo azisangalalo, masewera ankhondo, mpikisano, kukwera maulendo ndi zochitika zina zosangalatsa zidakonzedwa kwa ana. Mnyamata aliyense amatha kupeza zomwe amakonda: masewera, nyimbo, kuvina, sayansi, ndi zina zambiri.
Pachifukwa ichi, achinyamata adafuna kulowa nawo mgululi, chifukwa chake omwe sanali mamembala a Hitler Youth amatengedwa ngati "akhwangwala oyera". Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi anyamata "oyera mwamtundu" okha omwe amaloledwa kulowa mgululi.
Achinyamata a Hitler adaphunzira mozama za mafuko, mbiri yaku Germany, mbiri ya Hitler, mbiri ya NSDAP, ndi zina zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, makamaka chidwi chidaperekedwa kuzidziwitso zakuthupi, osati zamaganizidwe. Ana amaphunzitsidwa kusewera masewera, amaphunzitsidwa kumenya nkhondo ndi manja komanso kuwombera mfuti.
Zotsatira zake, makolo ambiri anali osangalala kutumiza ana awo kubungwe ili.
Achinyamata a Hitler mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse
Nkhondo itayambika, mamembala a Gulu la Achinyamata a Hitler anali otanganidwa kutolera asirikali zofunda ndi zovala. Komabe, pomaliza pake, Hitler adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ana pankhondo, chifukwa chakuchepa kwa asitikali achikulire. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti ngakhale anyamata azaka 12 adatenga nawo gawo pankhondo zamagazi.
Fuhrer, pamodzi ndi Nazi zina, kuphatikizapo Goebbels, adatsimikizira anyamatawo kupambana mdaniyo. Mosiyana ndi achikulire, ana adatengera zambiri pazofalitsa ndipo amafunsa mafunso ochepa. Pofuna kutsimikizira kukhulupirika kwawo kwa Hitler, adamenya nkhondo mopanda mantha, adagwira nawo magulu ankhondo, kuwombera akaidi ndikudziponya m'matanki ndi mabomba.
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, ana ndi achinyamata amakhala achiwawa kwambiri kuposa achikulire omenyera nkhondo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Papa Benedict XVI, aka Josef Alois Ratzinger, anali membala wa Hitler Youth ali wachinyamata.
M'miyezi yapitayi ya nkhondoyi, a Nazi adayamba kukopa ngakhale atsikana ku ntchito. Nthawi imeneyi, panali magulu a mimbulu yomwe idafunikira pakuwononga ndi nkhondo yankhondo.
Ngakhale atagonjera Ulamuliro Wachitatu, mawonekedwe awa adapitilizabe ntchito zawo. Chifukwa chake, boma la Nazi-fascist lidapha miyoyo ya ana ndi achinyamata masauzande ambiri.
Gawo la 12 la SS Panzer "Achinyamata a Hitler"
Chimodzi mwazigawo za Wehrmacht, chopangidwa kwathunthu ndi mamembala a Hitler Youth, chinali gawo la 12 la SS Panzer Division. Pakutha kwa 1943, mphamvu zonse za gawoli zidaposa aku Germany achichepere 20,000 okhala ndi akasinja 150.
M'masiku oyambirira a nkhondo ku Normandy, gawo la 12 la SS Panzer Division linatha kuwononga gulu lankhondo la adani. Kuphatikiza pakupambana kwawo pankhondo, ankhondo awa adziwika kuti ndiotentheka. Ankawombera akaidi opanda zida ndipo nthawi zambiri amawakhadzula.
Magulu ankhondo amaganiza kuti kupha anthu ngati kubwezera kuphulitsa kwa bomba m'mizinda yaku Germany. Omenyera ufulu wa achinyamata a Hitler adalimbana molimba mtima ndi mdaniyo, koma pofika pakati pa 1944 adayamba kutaya kwambiri.
M'mwezi womenyera mwankhanza, gulu la 12 lidataya pafupifupi 60% ya kapangidwe kake koyambirira. Pambuyo pake, adapita kukaphika kwa Falaise, komwe pambuyo pake adasweka kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, zotsalira za omenyera nkhondo omwe adapulumuka adapitilizabe kumenya nkhondo m'maiko ena aku Germany.
Chithunzi cha Hitler Youth
