Bwana Charles Spencer (Charlie) Chaplin (1889-1977) - Wosewera waku America ndi Chingerezi, wolemba zosewerera, wolemba, wotsogolera mafilimu, wopanga komanso mkonzi, mbuye wa cinema wapadziko lonse lapansi, wopanga imodzi mwazithunzi zodziwika bwino kwambiri pa cinema yapadziko lonse lapansi - chithunzi choseketsa cha Charlie.
Wopambana pa Mphotho ya Academy ndipo adapambana kawiri mpikisano wopambana mpikisano Oscar (1929, 1972).
Mu mbiri ya Chaplin, pali zambiri zosangalatsa, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Charlie Chaplin.
Mbiri ya Chaplin
Charles Chaplin adabadwa pa Epulo 16, 1889 ku London. Anakulira ndipo adaleredwa m'banja la osangalatsa a Charles Chaplin Sr. ndi mkazi wake Hannah Chaplin.
Asanakwatirane ndi abambo a Charlie, Hannah adabereka mwana wawo woyamba, Sydney Hill. Komabe, atakwatirana, adapatsa Sydney dzina loti - Chaplin.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Ubwana wa Chaplin udachitika m'malo osangalala kwambiri. Amayi ake adasewera m'malo osiyanasiyana monga wovina komanso woyimba.
Komanso, mutu wa banjali anali ndi baritone yosangalatsa, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri ankamuitana kuti ayimbe muholo zanyumba zaku likulu. Kuphatikiza apo, a Chaplin Sr. nthawi zambiri amayendera mayiko aku Europe ndi United States.
Imodzi mwamavuto oyamba mu mbiri ya Charlie Chaplin idachitika ali ndi zaka 12. Abambo ake adamwalira ndi mowa, yemwe panthawi yomwe amamwalira anali ndi zaka 37 zokha.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti Charlie wamng'ono adayamba kusewera pa siteji ali ndi zaka 5. M'malo mwake, adayamba kutenga nawo mbali m'mapulogalamu a konsati m'malo mwa amayi ake, omwe adataya mawu ndipo samathanso kuyimba.
Omvera adamvetsera mwachidwi kuyimba kwa mnyamatayo, kumuwombera ndi kuponya ndalama pasiteji.
Patatha zaka zingapo, amayi ake a Chaplin adachita misala, ndichifukwa chake adakakamizidwa kuchipatala cha amisala. Charlie ndi Syd anatengeredwa kusukulu ya ana amasiye komweko.
Nthawi imeneyi yonena, anyamata amayenera kupeza zofunika pamoyo wawo.
Pamene Chaplin anali ndi zaka 9, adayamba kusewera mgulu la Eight Lancashire Boys. Ndipamene adakwanitsa kupangitsa omvera kuseka koyamba, akuwonetsa katsamba pa siteji.
Chaka chotsatira, Charlie adaganiza zosiya gululo. Sanapite kusukulu kawirikawiri. Ana onse akamaphunzira, amayenera kupeza ndalama m'malo osiyanasiyana kuti mwanjira inayake azipeza ndalama.
Ali ndi zaka 14, Chaplin adayamba kugwira ntchito mu bwalo lamasewera. Posakhalitsa adapatsidwa udindo wa Billy messenger mu seweroli "Sherlock Holmes". Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mnyamatayo samadziwa kuwerenga, choncho mchimwene wake adamuthandiza kuphunzira ntchitoyi.
Makanema
Mu 1908, Charlie Chaplin adayitanidwa ku Fred Carnot Theatre, komwe adakonzekeretsa malo ochitira nyimbo.
Pasanapite nthawi, mnyamatayo amakhala mmodzi mwa ochita masewerawa. Pamodzi ndi gululo, Chaplin ayamba kuyendera mwachangu m'mizinda ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana.
Wosewerayo atafika ku America, adakonda dziko lino kwambiri kotero adaganiza zokhala komweko.
Ku USA, Charlie adadziwika ndi wopanga makanema Mac Sennett, yemwe adamupatsa ntchito mu studio yake. Pambuyo pake, mgwirizano udasainidwa ndi munthu waluso, malinga ndi momwe situdiyo "Keystone" idayenera kumulipira $ 600 pamwezi.
Poyamba, masewera a Chaplin sanakhutiritse Mac, pachifukwa chake adafunanso kumuchotsa. Komabe, chaka chotsatira, Charlie adakhala wojambula wamkulu komanso wokonda omvera.
Tsiku lina, madzulo oti ajambule sewero lanthabwala "Mpikisano wa Magalimoto Aana", wokondedwayo adapemphedwa kuti apange yekha. Inali nthawi imeneyo mu mbiri ya Charlie Chaplin pomwe adapanga chithunzi chake chotchuka.
Wosewerayo adavala mathalauza akulu, jekete lokwanira, chipewa chapamwamba ndi nsapato zazikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, adajambula masharubu ake odziwika pankhope pake, omwe adakhala chizindikiro chake.
Popita nthawi, Little Tramp adapeza ndodo, yomwe idamupatsa mphamvu zambiri m'zochita zake.
Charlie Chaplin atatchuka kwambiri, adazindikira kuti atha kukhala wolemba luso komanso wotsogolera kuposa "mabwana" ake.
Mosataya nthawi, wokondedwayo adayamba kugwira ntchito. M'chaka cha 1914, kuwonetsa kanema "Wogwidwa ndi Mvula" kudachitika, pomwe Charlie adasewera ngati wosewera wamafilimu komanso kwa nthawi yoyamba ngati director and screenwriter.
Pambuyo pake, Chaplin achita mgwirizano ndi studio "Esseney Film", yomwe imamulipira $ 5,000 pamwezi ndi $ 10,000 kuti asayine mgwirizano. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mzaka zingapo, zolipiritsa za ojambula zidzawonjezeka pafupifupi maulendo 10.
Mu 1917, Charlie adayamba kugwira ntchito ndi First National Studios. Polemba contract, adalandira $ 1 miliyoni, kukhala wosewera wotsika mtengo kwambiri panthawiyo.
Pambuyo pazaka ziwiri, Chaplin ali ndi studio yake, United Artists, komwe adagwira ntchito mpaka zaka za 50, pomwe adayenera kuchoka ku United States. Munthawi imeneyi ya mbiri yake yolenga, adakwanitsa kuwombera makanema ambiri, kuphatikiza "Parisienne", "Gold Rush" ndi "City Lights".
Charlie Chaplin watenga gulu lalikulu la mafani. Kulikonse komwe amapita, unyinji wa anthu anali paliponse akumudikirira kuti aone Kachinyama Kakang'ono ndi maso awo.
Kwa kanthawi wosewera analibe nyumba yake, chifukwa cha chimene iye anachita lendi kunyumba kapena kukhala mu mahotela. Mu 1922 adadzimangira nyumba ku Beverly Hills, yomwe inali ndi zipinda 40, cinema ndi limba.
Kanema woyamba womveka bwino anali The Great Dictator (1940). Anakhalanso zojambula zomaliza pomwe chithunzi cha wopondereza Charlie chidagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuzunzidwa
Pambuyo pa filimu yoyamba yotsutsana ndi Hitler The Great Dictator, Charlie Chaplin adazunzidwa kwambiri. Anamuimba mlandu wotsutsana ndi America komanso kutsatira malingaliro achikomyunizimu.
FBI idatenga mozama wojambulayo. Pachimake pa chizunzo chidabwera mzaka za 40, pomwe adapereka chithunzi chake chotsatira "Monsieur Verdou".
Otsutsa adanyoza Chaplin chifukwa chosayamika ku America yomwe idamuteteza (sanavomereze nzika zaku America). Kuphatikiza apo, wokondedwayo amatchedwa Myuda komanso wachikomyunizimu.
Komabe, nthabwala "Monsieur Verdou" adasankhidwa kukhala Oscar wa Best Screenplay.
Charlie Chaplin adathamangitsidwa ku United States mu 1952 pomwe adapita ku England. Zotsatira zake, mwamunayo adakhazikika mumzinda waku Vevey waku Switzerland.
Atawona kuti atha kuletsedwa kulowa ku America, Chaplin adapereka mphamvu yoyimilira pasadakhale chuma chake chonse kwa mkazi wake. Zotsatira zake, mkazi adagulitsa malo onse, pambuyo pake adabwera ndi ana ake kwa mwamuna wake ku Switzerland.
Moyo waumwini
Kwa zaka zambiri za mbiri yake, Charlie Chaplin adakwatirana kanayi, pomwe anali ndi ana 12.
Mkazi wake woyamba anali Mildred Harris. Pambuyo pake, banjali lidakhala ndi mwana wamwamuna, Norman, yemwe adamwalira atangobadwa kumene. Awiriwo adakhala limodzi zaka ziwiri.
Kachiwiri, Chaplin adakwatirana ndi Lita Grey wachichepere, yemwe adakhala naye zaka 4. Muukwatiwu, anali ndi anyamata awiri - Charles ndi Sydney. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti atasudzulana, mwamunayo adalipira Grey $ 800,000 yosangalatsa!
Atasiyana ndi Lita, Charlie adakwatirana ndi Paulette Goddard, yemwe adakhala naye zaka 6. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti atasiyana ndi Chaplin, wolemba Erich Maria Remarque adakhala mwamuna watsopano wa Paulette.
Mu 1943, Charlie adakwatirana ndi Una O'Neill kotsiriza ka 4. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti wojambulayo anali wamkulu zaka 36 kuposa wosankhidwa wake. Banjali linali ndi ana asanu ndi atatu.
Zaka zapitazi ndi imfa
Zaka zingapo asanamwalire, a Charlie Chaplin adaphedwa ndi Mfumukazi Elizabeth 2. Charles Spencer Chaplin adamwalira pa Disembala 25, 1977 ali ndi zaka 88.
Wojambula wamkulu adayikidwa m'manda akumaloko. Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu, owukirawo adakumba bokosi la Chaplin kuti akafune dipo.
Apolisi adatha kusunga zigawengazo, pambuyo pake bokosi lamaliro limodzi ndi womwalirayo adayikidwanso m'manda aku Switzerland a Meruz pansi pa konkire ya 1.8 mita.
Chithunzi ndi Charlie Chaplin
