Spartacus (anamwalira mu 71 BC) - mtsogoleri woukira akapolo ndi omenya nkhondo ku Italy mu 73-71. Iye anali Thracian, pansi pa bwinobwino konse anakhala kapolo, ndipo kenako - gladiator.
Mu 73 BC. e. Pamodzi ndi omutsatira 70 adathawa pasukulu yomenyera nkhondo ku Capua, adathawira ku Vesuvius ndikugonjetsa gulu lomwe lidatumizidwa. Pambuyo pake adapambana ma Roma angapo, zomwe zidasiya mbiri m'mbiri yapadziko lonse.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa pamutu wa Spartak, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Spartacus.
Wambiri Spartacus
Pafupifupi chilichonse chodziwika za ubwana ndi unyamata wa Spartak. Magwero onse anamutcha Thracian - nthumwi ya anthu akale a mafuko Indo-European ndipo amakhala mu Balkan Peninsula.
Olemba mbiri ya Spartak amavomereza kuti anali wobadwa mwaulere. Popita nthawi, pazifukwa zosadziwika, adakhala kapolo, kenako gladiator. Amadziwika motsimikiza kuti idagulitsidwa osachepera katatu.
Mwina, Spartacus adakhala womenyera nkhondo ali ndi zaka 30. Anatsimikizira kuti anali wankhondo wolimba mtima komanso waluso yemwe ali ndi ulamuliro pakati pa ankhondo ena. Komabe, choyambirira, adakhala wotchuka osati wopambana m'bwalomo, koma monga mtsogoleri wa zigawenga zotchuka.
Kupanduka kwa Spartacus
Zolemba zakale zimasonyeza kuti kuukirako kunachitika ku Italy mu 73 BC, ngakhale olemba mbiri ena amakhulupirira kuti izi zidachitika chaka chatha. Omenyana nawo pasukuluyi ochokera mumzinda wa Capua, kuphatikiza Spartacus, adakonza zothawa.
Ankhondo, okhala ndi zida za kukhitchini, adatha kupha alonda onse ndikumasula. Amakhulupirira kuti panali anthu pafupifupi 70 omwe adathawa. Gulu ili linathawira paphompho la phiri la Vesuvius. Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti panjira yomwe omenyerawa anali paulendo adatenga ngolo zingapo ndi zida, zomwe zimawathandiza pankhondo zina.
Gulu la asirikali achiroma lidatumizidwa nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pawo. Komabe, omenyanawo adatha kugonjetsa Aroma ndikukhala ndi zida zawo zankhondo. Kenako adakhazikika m'chigwa cha mapiri omwe sanaphulike, ndikuwononga nyumba zapafupi.
Spartacus adatha kupanga gulu lamphamvu lankhondo. Posakhalitsa gulu la opandukawo linadzazidwa ndi osauka akumaloko, chifukwa chake gulu lankhondo lidakula kwambiri. Izi zidapangitsa kuti zigawengazo zigonjetse Aroma kamodzi.
Pakadali pano, gulu lankhondo la Spartacus lidakula kwambiri. Idawonjezeka kuchoka pa anthu 70 kufika pa asirikali 120,000, omwe anali ndi zida zokwanira komanso okonzekera nkhondo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mtsogoleri wa zigawengazo adagawa zonse zomwe adalandidwa chimodzimodzi, zomwe zidathandizira umodzi ndikulimbikitsa chikhalidwe.
Nkhondo ya Vesuvius idasinthitsa mkangano pakati pa omenyera nkhondo ndi Aroma. Pambuyo pa kupambana kopambana kwa Spartacus pa mdani, nkhondo yankhondo idatenga gawo lalikulu - Spartak War. Mwamunayo adayamba kuyerekezedwa ndi wamkulu waku Carthagine Hannibal, yemwe anali mdani wolumbira wa Roma.
Ndi nkhondo, a Spartan adafika kumalire akumpoto kwa Italy, mwina akufuna kuwoloka Alps, koma mtsogoleri wawo adaganiza zobwerera. Kodi chifukwa cha chisankhochi sichikudziwika mpaka lero.
Pakadali pano, asitikali achi Roma omwe adaponyedwa motsutsana ndi Spartacus adatsogozedwa ndi mtsogoleri wankhondo a Mark Licinius Crassus. Anakwanitsa kuwonjezera mphamvu yomenya nkhondoyo ndikuwapatsa chidaliro pakupambana opandukawo.
Crassus adasamalira kwambiri maukadaulo ndi njira yankhondoyo, pogwiritsa ntchito zofooka zonse za mdani.
Zotsatira zake, pankhondoyi, ntchitoyi idayamba kusunthira mbali imodzi kapena inayo. Posakhalitsa Crassus adalamula kuti amange linga lankhondo ndikukumba ngalande, yomwe idadula anthu aku Spartan ku Italy konse ndikuwapangitsa kuti asayende bwino.
Komabe, Spartacus ndi asitikali ake adatha kupyola mipanda iyi ndikugonjetsanso Aroma. Pa izi, mwayi unachoka pa gladiator. Asitikali ake adasowa chuma, pomwe magulu enanso awiri adathandizira Aroma.
Spartak ndi gulu lake adabwerera m'mbuyo, akufuna kupita ku Sicily, koma sizinaphule kanthu. Crassus adatsimikizira asitikaliwo kuti adzagonjetsanso opandukawo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti adalamula kuti aphe msirikali aliyense wa 10 yemwe adathawa kunkhondo.
Anthu a ku Spartan anayesera kuwoloka Strait of Messana pamakwerero, koma Aroma sanalole izi. Akapolo omwe anali kuthawa anali atazingidwa, akusowa chakudya.
Crassus nthawi zambiri amapambana pankhondo, pomwe kusagwirizana kumayamba kuchitika mumsasa wa zigawengazo. Posakhalitsa Spartacus adalowa nawo nkhondo yomaliza pamtsinje wa Silar. Pankhondo yamagazi, zigawenga pafupifupi 60,000 zidaphedwa, pomwe Aroma anali pafupi 1,000.
Imfa
Spartacus anamwalira pankhondo, monga momwe zimakhalira wankhondo wolimba mtima. Malinga ndi Appian, gladiator anavulazidwa mwendo, chifukwa chake amayenera kugwada pa bondo limodzi. Anapitiliza kudzudzula ziwopsezo za Aroma mpaka pomwe adaphedwa nawo.
Thupi la Spartacus silinapezeke, ndipo asitikali ake omwe adapulumuka adathawira kumapiri, komwe adaphedwa ndi asitikali a Crassus. Spartacus adamwalira mu Epulo 71. Nkhondo ya Spartak idakhudza kwambiri chuma cha ku Italy: gawo lalikulu ladera mdzikolo lidasakazidwa ndi magulu ankhondo opanduka, ndipo mizinda yambiri idalandidwa.
Zithunzi za Spartak
