Hugo Rafael Chavez Frias (1954-2013) - Wosintha boma ku Venezuela, wandale komanso wandale, Purezidenti wa Venezuela (1999-2013), wapampando wa Movement for the Fifth Republic, kenako United Socialist Party ya Venezuela, yomwe, pamodzi ndi zipani zingapo, adalowa nawo Movement ".
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Hugo Chavez, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Chavez.
Mbiri ya Hugo Chavez
Hugo Chavez Frias adabadwa pa Julayi 28, 1954 m'mudzi wa Sabaneta (boma la Barinas). Makolo ake, Hugo de los Reyes ndi Helene Friaz, amaphunzitsa pasukulu yakumidzi. M'banja la Chavez, anali wachiwiri mwa ana asanu ndi awiri.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Malinga ndi zomwe Hugo amakumbukira, ngakhale anali mwana wovuta, anali wokondwa. Anakhala zaka zoyambirira m'mudzi wa Los Rastrojos. Pakadali pano mu mbiri yake, adalakalaka kukhala wosewera wotchuka wa baseball.
Atalandira maphunziro apamwamba, makolo ake adamtumiza ndi mchimwene wake kwa agogo ake aakazi ku Sabaneta, kuti alowe ku lyceum.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti agogo anga aakazi anali Akatolika opembedza kwambiri. Izi zidapangitsa kuti Hugo Chavez adayamba kutumikira pakachisi wamba. Atamaliza maphunziro awo ku lyceum, adakhala wophunzira pasukulu yankhondo. Apa adapitiliza kusewera baseball ndi softball (mtundu wa baseball).
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Chavez adasewera nawo mpikisano wa baseball ku Venezuela. Hugo adatengeka kwambiri ndi malingaliro a Bolivar wotchuka waku South Africa. Mwa njira, dziko la Bolivia lidadziwika ndi dzina loti wasintha izi.
Ernesto Che Guevara nayenso adachita chidwi ndi mnyamatayo. Pa nthawi ya maphunziro ake ku sukuluyi Hugo adalimbikitsa kwambiri umphawi wa anthu ogwira ntchito ku Venezuela. Anatsimikiza mtima kuti achita zotheka kuthandiza anthu akwawo kukonza miyoyo yawo.
Ali ndi zaka 20, Chávez adapita nawo pamwambo wokondwerera Nkhondo ya Ayacucho, yomwe idachitika nthawi ya Nkhondo Yodziyimira payokha ku Peru. Mwa alendo ena, Purezidenti Juan Velasco Alvarado adalankhula kuchokera pa rostrum.
Wandaleyo adalengeza zakufunika kwa gulu lankhondo kuti athetse ziphuphu za olamulira. Zolankhula za Alvarado zidalimbikitsa kwambiri Hugo Chavez wachichepere ndipo adakumbukiridwa ndi iye kwazaka zambiri.
Popita nthawi, mnyamatayo adakumana ndi mwana wa Omar Torrijos, wolamulira mwankhanza ku Panama. Madandaulo a Velasco ndi Torrijos adatsimikizira Chavez kuti kulondola kwa boma lomwe likupezeka pakadali pano chifukwa choukira ndi zida. Mu 1975 wophunzirayo adaphunzira maphunziro apamwamba ndipo adalowa usilikali.
Ndale
Pomwe anali mgululi la Barinas, Hugo Chavez adadziwana ndi ntchito za Karl Marx ndi Vladimir Lenin, komanso olemba ena omwe anali achikomyunizimu. Msirikali adakonda zomwe adawerengazo, chifukwa chake adayamba kukhulupirira kwambiri malingaliro ake akumanzere.
Patapita nthawi, Chavez anazindikira kuti si boma lokha, komanso gulu lonse la asitikali atawonongeka kwathunthu. Momwe mungafotokozere zakuti ndalama zomwe amalandira pogulitsa mafuta sizinafikire osauka.
Izi zidapangitsa kuti mu 1982, Hugo apange Bolivarian Revolutionary Party-200. Poyamba, gulu landaleli linayesetsa kuphunzitsa anthu amalingaliro amtundu wankhondo mdziko muno kuti apange njira yatsopano yankhondo.
Pofika nthawi ya mbiri yakale, Chavez anali kale paudindo wa kaputeni. Kwa kanthawi adaphunzitsa ku sukulu yophunzitsira, komwe adakwanitsa kugawana malingaliro ake ndi ophunzira. Posakhalitsa anatumizidwa ku mzinda wina.
Mwamunayo anali ndi kukayikira kokwanira kuti amangofuna kuti amuchotse, chifukwa utsogoleri wankhondo udayamba kudetsa nkhawa zomwe amachita. Zotsatira zake, Ugo sanataye mutu ndipo adayamba kuyandikira mafuko a Yaruro ndi Quiba - nzika zakumayiko a Apure.
Atacheza ndi mafuko awa, Chavez adazindikira kuti ndikofunikira kuthana ndi kupondereza kwa aborigines aboma ndikusintha ndalama zomwe zikuteteza ufulu wa anthu achilengedwe (zomwe adzachite pambuyo pake). Mu 1986 adakwezedwa paudindo waukulu.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, Carlos Andres Perez adakhala Purezidenti wa dzikolo, ndikulonjeza ovota kuti asiye kutsatira mfundo za IMF. Komabe, zenizeni, a Perez adayamba kutsatira mfundo zoyipa kwambiri - zopindulitsa ku United States ndi IMF.
Posakhalitsa, anthu aku Venezuela adayamba kuyenda m'misewu ndikutsutsa boma lomwe lilipo. Komabe, mwalamulo la Carlos Perez, ziwonetsero zonse zidaponderezedwa mwankhanza ndi gulu lankhondo.
Pakadali pano, Hugo Chavez anali kuchiritsidwa mchipatala, chifukwa chake, atamva za nkhanza zomwe zikuchitika, adazindikira kuti pakufunika kukonzekera gulu lankhondo.
Mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka Chavez, pamodzi ndi anthu ofanana, anayamba dongosolo, malinga ndi zomwe anafunika kulamulira malo ofunika asilikali ndi atolankhani, komanso kuthetsa Peres. Kuyesera koyamba pa coup d'état, komwe kunachitika mu 1992, sikunapambane korona wopambana.
Mwanjira zambiri, kusinthaku kudalephera chifukwa cha owerengeka ochepa, zosatsimikizika ndi zina zosayembekezereka. Izi zidadzetsa kuti Hugo adadzipereka mwaufulu kwa akuluakulu ndikuwonekera pa TV. M'mawu ake, adapempha omutsatira kuti adzipereke kuti agonjetsedwe.
Chochitikachi chidakambirana padziko lonse lapansi. Pambuyo pake, Chávez adamangidwa ndikumangidwa. Komabe, izi sizinadutse ndipo Peres, yemwe adachotsedwa paudindo wa prezidenti chifukwa chabodza komanso kubera chuma chake pazifukwa zaumwini komanso zaupandu. Rafael Caldera adakhala Purezidenti watsopano wa Venezuela.
A Kaldera adamasula Chavez ndi anzawo, koma adawaletsa kuti atumikire kunkhondo. Hugo anayamba kufotokoza malingaliro ake kwa anthu onse, kufunafuna thandizo kunja. Pasanapite nthawi zinaonekeratu kuti mtsogoleri watsopano wadzikolo anali wosiyana kwambiri ndi omwe adamtsogolera.
Wosinthayo anali wotsimikiza kuti amangotenga mphamvu m'manja mwake pogwiritsa ntchito zida. Komabe, poyambilira, adayeserabe kuchita zovomerezeka, ndikupanga mu 1997 "Movement for the Fifth Republic" (yomwe pambuyo pake idakhala United Socialist Party ya Venezuela).
Pampikisano wa purezidenti wa 1998, Hugo Chavez adatha kudutsa Rafael Caldera ndi otsutsa ena, ndikutenga utsogoleri chaka chotsatira. Munthawi yake yoyamba kukhala purezidenti, adasintha zinthu zambiri zofunika.
Misewu, zipatala ndi maofesi adayamba kumangidwa malinga ndi zomwe Chavez adalamula. Anthu aku Venezuela anali ndi ufulu wolandila chithandizo chamankhwala chaulere. Malamulo adakhazikitsidwa kuti ateteze nzika zakomweko. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti sabata iliyonse panali pulogalamu yotchedwa "Moni, Purezidenti", pomwe aliyense woyimba akhoza kukambirana izi kapena izi ndi Purezidenti, ndikupemphanso thandizo.
Nthawi yoyamba ya Purezidenti idatsatiridwa ndi 2, 3 komanso ngakhale yachidule yachinayi. Ma oligarchs sanathetseretu anthu omwe amawakonda, ngakhale putch mu 2002 komanso referendum ku 2004.
Chavez adasankhidwanso koyamba mu Januware 2013. Komabe, atamwalira miyezi itatu, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti a Nicolas Maduro, omwe adzakhale mtsogoleri wa Venezuela, adayamba kugwira ntchito ya Purezidenti.
Moyo waumwini
Mkazi woyamba wa Ugo anali Nancy Calmenares, yemwe anali wochokera kubanja losavuta. Muukwatiwu, banjali linali ndi mwana wamwamuna, Ugo Rafael, ndi ana awiri aakazi, Rosa Virginia ndi Maria Gabriela. Atabereka mwana wamwamuna, mwamunayo adasiyana ndi Nancy, ndikupitiliza kuthandiza ana.
Munthawi ya mbiri yake 1984-1993. Chavez amakhala ndi Erma Marksman, mnzake. Mu 1997 adakwatirana ndi Marisabel Rodriguez, yemwe adabereka mwana wamkazi, Rosines. Awiriwo adasankha kuchoka mu 2004.
Wandale amakonda kuwerenga, komanso amaonera zolemba komanso makanema. Zina mwa zosangalatsa zake zinali kuphunzira Chingerezi. Hugo anali Mkatolika yemwe adawona mizu yamaphunziro ake achisosistiya mu ziphunzitso za Yesu Khristu, yemwe adamutcha "wachikomyunizimu weniweni, wotsutsa-imperialist komanso mdani wa oligarchy."
Chavez nthawi zambiri ankasemphana maganizo kwambiri ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti adalangiza atsogoleri achipembedzo kuti awerenge mabuku a Marx, Lenin komanso Baibulo.
Imfa
Mu 2011, Hugo adamva kuti ali ndi khansa. Anapita ku Cuba, komwe anachitidwa opaleshoni kuti achotse chotupa choopsa. Poyamba, thanzi lake silinali bwino, koma patatha chaka chimodzi matendawa adadzipangitsa kuti amveke.
Hugo Chavez adamwalira pa Marichi 5, 2013 ali ndi zaka 58. Maduro adati khansa ndi yomwe imamupha, pomwe General Orneli adati Purezidenti adamwalira chifukwa chodwala kwamtima. Panali mphekesera zambiri kuti zowonadi Hugo adadyetsedwa poizoni ndi aku America, omwe akuti adamupatsira kachilombo ka oncovirus. Thupi la Chavez lidakonzedwa ndikuwonetsedwa ku Museum of the Revolution.
Chithunzi ndi Hugo Chavez
