Mary Ine Tudor (1516-1558) - mfumukazi yoyamba ku England, korona wamkulu wa Henry 8 ndi Catherine waku Aragon. Amadziwikanso ndi mayina Mary wamagazi (Mary Wamagazi) ndi Maria Mkatolika... Mwaulemu wake, palibe chipilala ngakhale chimodzi chomwe chimamangidwa kwawo.
Dzinalo la mfumukaziyi limalumikizidwa ndi kupha mwankhanza komanso wamagazi. Tsiku lakumwalira kwake (ndipo nthawi yomweyo tsiku lokwera pampando wachifumu wa Elizabeth 1) lidakondwerera m'boma ngati tchuthi chadziko.
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Mary Tudor, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, musanakhale ndi mbiri yayifupi ya Mary I Tudor.
Mbiri ya Mary Tudor
Mary Tudor adabadwa pa February 18, 1516 ku Greenwich. Anali mwana womudikirira kwanthawi yayitali limodzi ndi makolo ake, popeza ana onse am'mbuyomu a mfumu yaku England Henry 8 ndi mkazi wake Catherine wa Aragon adamwalira m'mimba, kapena atangobadwa kumene.
Msungwanayo adadziwika chifukwa cha kudzipereka kwake komanso udindo wake, chifukwa chake adayang'anitsitsa maphunziro ake. Chifukwa cha izi, Maria adadziwa zilankhulo zachi Greek ndi Chilatini, komanso adavina bwino ndikuimba zeze.
Ali wachinyamata, Tudor amakonda kuwerenga mabuku achikhristu. Panthawi imeneyi ya mbiri yake, adaphunzira kukwera pamahatchi ndi falconry. Popeza kuti Mary anali mwana yekhayo wa abambo ake, ndiye amene amayenera kupitako.
Mu 1519, mtsikanayo amatha kutaya ufuluwu, popeza ambuye amfumu, a Elizabeth Blount, adamuberekera mwana wamwamuna, Henry. Ndipo ngakhale mnyamatayo adabadwa kunja kwaukwati, komabe anali ndi chiyambi chachifumu, chifukwa chake adapatsidwa gulu lankhondo ndikupereka mayina ofanana nawo.
Bungwe Lolamulira
Patapita nthawi, mfumu idayamba kulingalira za omwe akuyenera kusamutsa mphamvu. Zotsatira zake, adaganiza zopanga Mary kukhala Mfumukazi yaku Wales. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Wales anali asanakhale gawo la England, koma anali womugonjera.
Mu 1525, a Mary Tudor adakhazikika m'dera lawo latsopanoli, ndikupita nawo pagulu lalikulu. Amayenera kuyang'anira chilungamo komanso kuchita zochitika zamwambo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti panthawiyo anali ndi zaka 9 zokha.
Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri, kusintha kwakukulu kunachitika komwe kunakhudza kwambiri mbiri ya Tudor. Atakwatirana kwa nthawi yayitali, Henry adathetsa ubale wake ndi Catherine, chifukwa chake Mary adadziwika kuti ndi mwana wapathengo, zomwe zidamuwopseza kutaya ufulu wake pampando wachifumu.
Komabe, wokhumudwitsidwayo sanazindikire kuti ukwati ndi wabodza. Izi zidapangitsa kuti mfumu idayamba kuwopseza Catherine ndikuletsa kuwona mwana wake wamkazi. Moyo wa Mary unasokonekeranso pamene abambo ake anali ndi akazi atsopano.
Wokondedwa woyamba wa Henry 8 anali Anne Boleyn, yemwe adabereka mwana wake wamkazi Elizabeth. Koma mfumuyi itamva za kupanduka kwa Anna, idalamula kuti aphedwe.
Pambuyo pake, adatenga Jane Seymour kukhala mkazi wake. Ndi iye amene anabala mwana woyamba wamwamuna wovomerezeka, akumwalira ndi zovuta zapambuyo pake.
Akazi otsatira a wolamulira wachingelezi anali Anna Klevskaya, Catherine Howard ndi Catherine Parr. Ndi mchimwene wake wamwamuna, a Edward, yemwe adatenga mpando wachifumu ali ndi zaka 9, Mary tsopano anali wachiwiri pampando wachifumu.
Mnyamatayo sanali wathanzi, choncho ma regent ake amawopa kuti ngati Mary Tudor angakwatire, agwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zonse kugwetsa Edward. Atumikiwo adatembenukira mnyamatayo kwa mlongo wake ndipo zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti akhale mtsikana wodzipereka ku Chikatolika, pomwe Edward anali wachiprotestanti.
Mwa njira, ndichifukwa chake Tudor adalandira dzina lakutchulira - Maria Mkatolika. Mu 1553, Edward adapezeka ndi chifuwa chachikulu, komwe adamwalira. Madzulo a imfa yake, adasaina lamulo malinga ndi zomwe Jane Gray wa banja la Tudor adalowa m'malo mwake.
Zotsatira zake, Maria ndi mchimwene wake wamwamuna wamwamuna, a Elizabeth, adalandidwa ufulu wa korona. Koma Jane wazaka 16 atakhala mtsogoleri waboma, sanathandizidwe ndi omvera ake.
Izi zidapangitsa kuti m'masiku 9 okha amuchotse pampando wachifumu, ndipo malo ake adatengedwa ndi Mary Tudor. Mfumukazi yomwe idangosankhidwa kumene idalamulira yachilendo yowonongeka m'manja mwa omwe adamuyang'anira, omwe adalanda chuma chawo ndikuwononga zoposa theka la akachisi.
Olemba mbiri ya Maria amadziwika kuti si munthu wankhanza. Amalimbikitsidwa kuti akhale otere chifukwa cha zomwe zimafunikira zisankho zovuta. M'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyamba ali ndi mphamvu, adapha Jane Gray ndi abale ake ena.
Nthawi yomweyo, mfumukaziyi idayamba kufuna kukhululukira onse omwe adatsutsidwa, koma atagalukira ku Wyatt mu 1554, sakanatha kuchita izi. M'zaka zotsatira za mbiri yake, Maria Tudor adamanganso mipingo ndi nyumba za amonke, akuchita zonse zotheka kutsitsimutsa ndikukula kwa Chikatolika.
Nthawi yomweyo, mwa kulamula kwake, Aprotestanti ambiri adaphedwa. Pafupifupi anthu 300 adawotchedwa pamtengo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ngakhale iwo omwe, moyang'anizana ndi moto, adavomera kutembenukira ku Chikatolika sangayembekezere chifundo.
Pachifukwa ichi ndi zifukwa zina, mfumukaziyi idayamba kutchedwa - Magazi Mary kapena Mary wamagazi.
Moyo waumwini
Makolo anasankha mkwati kwa Maria ali ndi zaka ziwiri zokha. Heinrich adagwirizana pazokwatirana ndi mwana wake wamkazi ndi mwana wa Francis 1, koma pambuyo pake chibwenzicho chidathetsedwa.
Patatha zaka 4, abambo amakambirananso ukwati wa mtsikanayo ndi Emperor Woyera wa Roma Charles 5 waku Habsburg, yemwe anali wamkulu zaka 16 kuposa Maria. Koma, mu 1527, mfumu yaku England idakonzanso momwe amaonera Roma, chisoni chake kwa Charles chidatha.
Henry adafuna kukwatira mwana wake wamkazi kwa m'modzi mwa mafumu apamwamba aku France, yemwe atha kukhala Francis 1 kapena mwana wake wamwamuna.
Komabe, bambo atasankha kusiya amayi a Maria, zonse zidasintha. Chotsatira chake, mtsikanayo anakhalabe wosakwatiwa mpaka imfa ya mfumu. Mwa njira, panthawiyo anali ndi zaka 31.
Mu 1554, Tudor adakwatirana ndi mfumu yaku Spain Philip 2. Ndizosangalatsa kuti anali wamkulu zaka 12 kuposa wosankhidwa wake. Ana mgwirizanowu sanabadwe konse. Anthu sanakonde Filipo chifukwa chodzitukumula kwambiri komanso mopanda pake.
Otsatira omwe adabwera naye adachita zosayenera. Izi zidadzetsa mikangano yamagazi pakati pa Britain ndi Spaniards m'misewu. Filipo sanabise kuti samamumvera Maria.
Spaniard adachita chidwi ndi mlongo wa mkazi wake, a Elizabeth Tudor. Amayembekeza kuti pakapita nthawi mpando wachifumu udutsa kwa iye, chifukwa chake adakhalabe paubwenzi ndi mtsikanayo.
Imfa
Mu 1557 Europe idamezedwa ndi malungo omwe adapha anthu ambiri. M'chilimwe cha chaka chotsatira, Maria adadwalanso malungo atazindikira kuti sangakhale ndi moyo.
Mfumukaziyi inali ndi nkhawa ndi tsogolo la dzikolo, motero sanachedwe kulemba chikalata chomwe chinamuletsa Philip ufulu wake ku England. Adapanga mlongo wake Elizabeti kulowa m'malo mwake, ngakhale kuti nthawi ya moyo wawo nthawi zambiri amakangana.
Mary Tudor adamwalira pa Novembala 17, 1558 ali ndi zaka 42. Choyambitsa imfa yake chinali malungo, omwe mkaziyo sanathe kuchira.
Chithunzi ndi Mary Tudor
