Josef Mengele (1911-1979) - Dotolo waku Germany yemwe adachita zoyeserera zachipatala kwa akaidi amndende yozunzirako anthu ku Auschwitz munkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse (1939-1945).
Pochita zatsopano, iye mwini adasankha akaidi. Anthu masauzande ambiri adakumana ndi zoyesayesa zowopsa.
Nkhondo itatha, Mengele adathawira ku Latin America, kuwopa kuzunzidwa. Kuyesera kuti amupeze ndikumubweretsa ku milandu pazolakwa zomwe zidachitika sizinaphule kanthu. Dziko lapansi limadziwika ndi dzina loti "Mngelo wa Imfa wochokera ku Auschwitz"(Monga momwe andende ankamutchulira).
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Mengele, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Joseph Mengele.
Mbiri ya Mengele
Josef Mengele adabadwa pa Marichi 16, 1911 mumzinda waku Bavaria ku Günzburg. Iye anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja lolemera.
Abambo ake, Karl Mengele, anali mwini kampani ya Karl Mengele ndi Ana, omwe amapanga zida zaulimi. Amayi, Walburga Happaue, anali kulera ana aamuna atatu, ndipo Joseph anali wamkulu mwa iwo.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Josef Mengele adakhoza bwino kusukulu komanso adawonetsa chidwi ndi nyimbo, zaluso komanso ski. Atamaliza izi, adayamba chidwi ndi chiphunzitso cha Nazi. Mothandizidwa ndi abambo ake, adapita ku Munich, komwe adalowa ku University of department of filosofi.
Mu 1932, Mengele adalowa nawo bungwe la Steel Helmet, lomwe pambuyo pake lidalumikizananso ndi mafunde aku Germany (SA). Komabe, amayenera kuchoka mu Chisoti Chitsulo chifukwa cha mavuto azaumoyo.
Pambuyo pake, Josef adaphunzira zamankhwala ndi anthropology kumayunivesite aku Germany ndi Austria. Ali ndi zaka 24, adalemba zolemba zake zaukadaulo pa "Kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu yazomvera." Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu, adalandira digiri yake.
Izi zisanachitike, Mengele adagwira ntchito ku Research Institute of Hereditary Biology, Physiology and Human Hygiene. Iye anafufuza mozama za chibadwa ndi zolakwika za mapasa, kuyamba kupanga kupita patsogolo koyamba mu sayansi.
Mankhwala ndi umbanda
Mu 1938, chochitika chofunikira chidachitika mu mbiri ya Joseph Mengele, yolumikizidwa ndikulowa kwake mchipani cha Nazi, NSDAP. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, adalowa nawo azachipatala. Adatumikira mgulu la mainjiniya a Viking, omwe anali pansi pa Waffen-SS.
Pambuyo pake, Mengele adakwanitsa kupulumutsa matanki awiri kuchokera mu thanki yoyaka. Chifukwa cha izi, adapatsidwa ulemu wa SS Hauptsturmführer ndi "Iron Cross" digiri yoyamba. Mu 1942 anavulazidwa kwambiri, zomwe sizinamulepheretse kupitiriza ntchito yake.
Zotsatira zake, a Joseph adatumizidwa kundende yozunzirako anthu ku Auschwitz, komwe adayamba kuyeserera koyesaku. Makanda, omwe amawatulutsa amoyo, nthawi zambiri anali kuwayesa mayeso. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi zambiri ankachita opareshoni pa achinyamata ndi akaidi achikulire opanda ochititsa dzanzi.
Mwachitsanzo, amuna a Mengele sanathenso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha ululu.
Nawonso atsikanawo anali oletsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito radiation. Pali zochitika pomwe akaidi adamenyedwa ndi magetsi amphamvu masiku angapo.
Utsogoleri wa Ulamuliro Wachitatu udapatsa Mngelo wa Imfa zonse zofunika pazomwe adakumana nazo. Josef Mengele adachita nawo ntchito yotchuka ya Gemini, pomwe madotolo aku Germany adayesetsa kupanga superman.
Komabe, Mengele adawonetsa chidwi chamapasa omwe adabweretsedwa kumsasa. Malinga ndi akatswiri, ana 900-3000 adadutsa m'manja mwake, pomwe 300 okha ndi omwe adakwanitsa kupulumuka. Chifukwa chake, adayesa kupanga mapasa a Siamese, ndikuluka mapasa achigypsy.
Ana adamva kuwawa kwa gehena, koma izi sizinamuletse Joseph konse. Zonse zomwe zimamufuna zinali kungoti akwaniritse cholinga chake mwa njira iliyonse. Mwa zoyeserera za Nazi panali kuyesa kusintha mtundu wamaso a mwana pomubaya mankhwala osiyanasiyana.
Ana omwe adapulumuka kuyesaku adaphedwa posachedwa. Omwe adazunzidwa ndi Mengele anali andende masauzande ambiri. Dokotala anali nawo pakupanga mankhwala opangidwa ndi maselo a chiwindi omwe amapangidwa kuti athandize oyendetsa ndege kuti azikhala olimba pankhondo zapamlengalenga.
Mu Ogasiti 1944, gawo lina la Auschwitz lidatsekedwa, ndipo akaidi onse adaphedwa muzipinda zamafuta. Pambuyo pake, a Josef adapatsidwa ntchito ngati dokotala wamkulu wa Birkenau (umodzi mwamisasa yamkati ya Auschwitz), kenako ku kampu ya Gross-Rosen.
Atatsala pang'ono kudzipereka ku Germany, Mengele, atadzibisa ngati msirikali, adathawira chakumadzulo. Adasungidwa, koma kenako adamasulidwa, chifukwa palibe amene adatha kudziwika kuti ndi ndani. Kwa nthawi yayitali adabisala ku Bavaria, ndipo mu 1949 adathawira ku Argentina.
Mdziko muno, Mengele adachita zachipatala mosavomerezeka kwa zaka zingapo, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa mimba. Mu 1958, wodwalayo atamwalira, adaweruzidwa, koma pamapeto pake adamasulidwa.
Mngelo wa Imfa adasakidwa padziko lonse lapansi, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zambiri pochita izi. Komabe, ntchito zachinsinsi sizinathe kupeza dokotala wamagazi. Amadziwika kuti atakalamba, Mengele sanamve chisoni ndi zomwe adachita.
Moyo waumwini
Joseph ali ndi zaka 28, adakwatirana ndi Irene Schönbein. Muukwatiwu, banjali linali ndi mwana wamwamuna, Rolf. Pa nthawi ya nkhondo, mwamunayo anali ndiubwenzi wapamtima ndi woyang'anira ndende Irma Grese, yemwenso anali wokonda magazi.
Cha m'ma 50s, Mengele, yemwe anali atabisala kunja, adasintha dzina lake kukhala Helmut Gregor ndipo adasiyana ndi mkazi wake wovomerezeka. adakwatira Karl Martha wamasiye wa mchimwene wake, yemwe anali ndi mwana wamwamuna.
Imfa
Zaka zomaliza za moyo wake, a Nazi adakhala ku Brazil, akadabisalabe chifukwa chazunzo. Josef Mengele anamwalira pa February 7, 1979 ali ndi zaka 67. Imfa idamugwira akusambira m'nyanja ya Atlantic, pomwe adadwala sitiroko.
Manda a Mngelo wa Imfa adapezeka mu 1985, ndipo akatswiri adatha kutsimikizira zowona zokha pambuyo pa zaka 7. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kuyambira 2016, zotsalira za Mengele zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa ku dipatimenti yazachipatala ya University of São Paulo.
Zithunzi za Mengele
