Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky (1895-1977) - Mtsogoleri wankhondo waku Soviet, a Marshal aku Soviet Union, Chief of the General Staff, membala wa likulu la Supreme High Command, Commander-in-Chief of the High Command of Soviet Soviet ku Far East, Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR and Minister of War of the USSR.
M'modzi mwa olamulira akulu kwambiri pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse (1939-1945). Kawiri Hero ya Soviet Union komanso yosunga ma 2 Victory Orders.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Vasilevsky, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Alexander Vasilevsky.
Wambiri Vasilevsky
Alexander Vasilevsky anabadwa pa September 18 (30), 1895 m'mudzi wa Novaya Golchikha (m'chigawo cha Kostroma). Anakulira m'banja la mtsogoleri wa kwayala ya tchalitchi komanso wansembe Mikhail Alexandrovich ndi mkazi wake Nadezhda Ivanovna, omwe anali mamembala a Tchalitchi cha Orthodox.
Alexander anali wachinayi mwa ana 8 a makolo ake. Pamene anali pafupi zaka 2, iye ndi banja lake anasamukira ku mudzi wa Novopokrovskoye, kumene bambo ake anayamba kutumikira monga wansembe mu Ascension Church.
Pambuyo pake, wamkulu wamtsogolo adayamba kupita kusukulu ya parishi. Atamaliza maphunziro ake apamwamba, adalowa sukulu ya zaumulungu, kenako ku seminare.
Pa nthawiyo mu mbiri yake, Vasilevsky adakonzekera kukhala wokakamira, koma chifukwa chakuyamba kwa World War (1914-1918), malingaliro ake sanakwaniritsidwe. Mnyamatayo adalowa sukulu ya usilikali ya Alekseevsk, komwe adachita maphunziro ofulumira. Pambuyo pake, anapita kutsogolo ndi chizindikiro.
Nkhondo Yadziko Yonse ndi Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni
M'chaka cha 1916, Alexander anapatsidwa udindo wolamulira kampani, amene anakhala mmodzi wa Regiment kwambiri. Mu Meyi chaka chomwecho, adachita nawo gawo lodziwika bwino la Brusilov.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Kuphulika kwa Brusilov ndiye nkhondo yayikulu kwambiri munkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse lapansi pazotayika zonse. Popeza apolisi ambiri adamwalira pankhondoyo, Vasilevsky adalangizidwa kuti azilamulira gulu lankhondo, litakwezedwa kukhala woyang'anira wamkulu.
M'zaka za nkhondo, Alexander adadziwonetsera ngati msirikali wolimba mtima, yemwe, chifukwa cha kulimba mtima kwake komanso kupanda mantha, adakweza malingaliro a omvera ake. Nkhani yakusintha kwa Okutobala idapeza mtsogoleriyo pantchito yake ku Romania, chifukwa chake adaganiza zosiya ntchito.
Atabwerera kunyumba, Vasilevsky adagwira ntchito yophunzitsa nzika kwakanthawi, kenako ndikuphunzitsa m'masukulu oyambira. M'chaka cha 1919, adayitanidwira ntchito, yomwe adatumikira monga wothandizira mtsogoleri wa gulu lankhondo.
Pakati pa chaka chomwecho, Alexander anaikidwa battalion mkulu, ndiyeno mtsogoleri wa mfuti, amene amayenera kutsutsa asilikali a General Anton Denikin. Komabe, iye ndi asitikali ake sanathe kumenya nkhondo ndi gulu lankhondo la Denikin, popeza Southern Front inayima ku Orel ndi Kromy.
Pambuyo pake, Vasilevsky, monga gawo la 15 Army, adamenyana ndi Poland. Nkhondo itatha, adatsogolera magulu atatu a gulu lankhondo ndikuyenda kusukulu yophunzitsa oyang'anira akulu.
Mu 30s, Alexander Mikhailovich adasankha kulowa nawo phwandolo. Munthawi imeneyi ya mbiri yake, adagwira nawo ntchito kufalitsa "Military Bulletin". Mwamunayo adatenga nawo gawo pakupanga "Malangizo amachitidwe azankhondo ophatikizana" ndi ntchito zina zankhondo.
Pamene Vasilevsky anali ndi zaka 41, adapatsidwa udindo wa wamkulu. Mu 1937, adaphunzira maphunziro apamwamba ndi maphunziro apamwamba, ndipo adasankhidwa kukhala mkulu wa maphunziro a ogwira ntchito. M'chaka cha 1938 adakwezedwa kukhala wamkulu wa brigade.
Mu 1939, Alexander Vasilevsky adagwira nawo ntchito yopanga pulogalamu yoyamba ya nkhondo ndi Finland, yomwe pambuyo pake idakanidwa ndi Stalin. Chaka chotsatira, adali mgulu la komiti yomwe idakonza zomaliza mgwirizano wamtendere ndi Finland.
Patapita miyezi ingapo, Vasilevsky adakwezedwa paudindo wa wamkulu wogawa. Mu Novembala 1940, monga gawo la nthumwi za Soviet, motsogozedwa ndi Vyacheslav Molotov, adapita ku Germany kukakambirana ndi atsogoleri aku Germany.
Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lanu
Pofika kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo, Vasilevsky anali kale wamkulu wamkulu, pokhala wachiwiri kwa wamkulu wa General Staff. Adachita mbali yofunikira pokonza chitetezo cha Moscow komanso zotsutsana nazo.
Pa nthawi yovutayi, pamene asitikali aku Germany adapambana nkhondo zingapo, Alexander Mikhailovich adatsogolera gulu loyamba la General Staff.
Anakumana ndi udindo wodziwa bwino zomwe zili kutsogolo komanso kuwuza utsogoleri wa USSR za momwe zinthu zikuyendera kutsogolo.
Vasilevsky adakwanitsa kuthana ndi maudindo omwe adamupatsa, kutamandidwa ndi Stalin mwini. Zotsatira zake, adapatsidwa udindo wa Colonel General.
Anayendera mizere yakutsogolo, atawona momwe zinthu ziliri ndikukonzekera njira zodzitchinjiriza ndi zoyipa mdani.
M'chaka cha 1942, Alexander Vasilevsky anapatsidwa udindo wotsogolera General Wogwila. Malinga ndi utsogoleri wapamwamba mdzikolo, wamkuluyo adaphunzira momwe zinthu zikuyendera ku Stalingrad. Adakonza ndikukonzekera zotsutsana ndi aku Germany, zomwe zidavomerezedwa ndi Likulu.
Pambuyo pa kupambana bwino, mwamunayo adapitilizabe kuwononga mayunitsi aku Germany munthawi ya Stalingrad cauldron. Kenako anauzidwa kuchita ntchito zoipa mu Upper Don dera.
Mu February 1943 Vasilevsky adapatsidwa ulemu wa Marshal wa Soviet Union. M'miyezi yotsatira, adalamula malire a Voronezh ndi Steppe pa Nkhondo ya Kursk, komanso adachita nawo kumasulidwa kwa Donbass ndi Crimea.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pomwe wamkuluyo amafufuza Sevastopol yemwe adalanda, galimoto yomwe amayendera idaphulitsidwa ndi mgodi. Mwamwayi, adangovulala pang'ono pamutu, osawerengera mabala a pawindo lakutsogolo.
Atatulutsidwa mchipatala, Vasilevsky adatsogolera magulu omenyera ufulu wawo panthawi yomasulidwa kwa mayiko a Baltic. Chifukwa cha izi ndi zina zopambana anapatsidwa dzina la Hero of the Soviet Union ndi mendulo ya Gold Star.
Pambuyo pake, mwa kulamula kwa Stalin, wamkuluyo adatsogolera gulu lachitatu la Belorussia, ndikulowa nawo likulu la Supreme High Command. Pasanapite nthawi, Alexander Vasilevsky anatsogolera kuukira kwa Konigsberg, komwe adakwanitsa kuchita bwino kwambiri.
Pafupifupi milungu ingapo nkhondo isanathe, Vasilevsky adapatsidwa 2 Order of Victory. Kenako adagwira nawo gawo lalikulu pankhondo ndi Japan. Adapanga pulani yokhudza zowawa za Manchurian, pambuyo pake adatsogolera gulu lankhondo laku Soviet ku Far East.
Zotsatira zake, zidatenga asitikali aku Soviet ndi Mongolia pasanathe milungu inayi kuti agonjetse gulu lankhondo la Kwantung laku Japan. Chifukwa cha ntchito zowoneka bwino Vasilevsky adapatsidwa "Gold Star" yachiwiri.
M'zaka zapambuyo pa nkhondo pambuyo pa mbiri, Alexander Vasilevsky anapitiliza kukwera makwerero pantchito, kufikira udindo wa Minister of War of the USSR. Komabe, atamwalira Stalin mu 1953, ntchito yake yankhondo idasintha kwambiri.
Mu 1956, wamkulu wa asilikali anatenga udindo wa wachiwiri kwa nduna ya chitetezo ya USSR sayansi sayansi. Komabe, chaka chotsatira adachotsedwa ntchito chifukwa chodwala.
Pambuyo pake Vasilevsky anali wapampando woyamba wa Soviet Committee of War Veterans. Malinga ndi iye, kuyeretsa kwakukulu kwa 1937 kunathandizira kuyambika kwa Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). Chisankho cha Hitler kuti aukire USSR chidachitika makamaka chifukwa chakuti mu 1937 dzikolo lidataya asitikali ambiri, omwe Fuhrer amawadziwa bwino.
Moyo waumwini
Mkazi woyamba wa Alexander anali Serafima Nikolaevna. Muukwatiwu, banjali linali ndi mwana wamwamuna, Yuri, yemwe m'tsogolomu anakhala lieutenant General wa ndege. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti mkazi wake anali mwana wamkazi wa Georgy Zhukov - Era Georgievna.
Vasilevsky anakwatiranso mtsikana wina dzina lake Ekaterina Vasilievna. Mnyamata Igor anabadwira m'banja lino. Pambuyo pake Igor adzakhala wopanga mapulani wolemekezeka ku Russia.
Imfa
Alexander Vasilevsky anamwalira pa December 5, 1977 ali ndi zaka 82. Pazaka zonse zantchito yake yolimba mtima, adapatsidwa maudindo ambiri ndi mendulo m'dziko lakwawo, komanso adalandila mphotho pafupifupi 30 zakunja.
Zithunzi za Vasilevsky
