Wachinyamata (1866-1944) - Wolemba ku France, wolemba prose, wolemba nkhani, wodziwika pagulu, wolemba masewera komanso woimba. Membala wolemekezeka wakunja ku USSR Academy of Science.
Laureate wa Mphoto ya Nobel mu Literature (1915): "Chifukwa chazokongoletsa kwambiri zolembalemba, zachifundo komanso kukonda chowonadi."
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Romain Rolland, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, pamaso panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Rolland.
Mbiri ya Romain Rolland
Romain Rolland adabadwa pa Januware 29, 1866 m'chigawo cha France cha Clamecy. Iye anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja la notary. Kuchokera kwa amayi ake adatengera kukonda nyimbo.
Ali mwana, Romain adaphunzira kuimba piyano. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti m'tsogolomu, ntchito zake zambiri zidzaperekedwa mitu ya nyimbo. Ali ndi zaka 15, iye ndi makolo ake adasamukira ku Paris.
Mu likulu, Rolland adalowa ku Lyceum, ndikupitiliza maphunziro ake ku Ecole Normal High School. Atamaliza maphunziro ake, mnyamatayo adapita ku Italy, komwe adakhala zaka 2 akuphunzira zaluso, komanso ntchito ya oimba odziwika aku Italiya.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mdziko muno Romain Rolland adakumana ndi wafilosofi Friedrich Nietzsche. Atabwerera kunyumba, adateteza zolemba zake pamutu wakuti "Chiyambi cha nyumba zamakono za opera. Mbiri ya opera ku Europe Lully ndi Scarlatti asanachitike. "
Zotsatira zake, a Rolland adapatsidwa digirii ya profesa wa mbiri ya nyimbo, zomwe zidamupatsa mwayi wophunzitsa ku mayunivesite.
Mabuku
Romain adalemba ngati wolemba masewera, ndikulemba sewerolo Orsino mu 1891. Posakhalitsa adatulutsa zisudzo za Empedocles, Baglioni ndi Niobe, zomwe zinali zakale. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti palibe imodzi mwantchito izi zomwe zidasindikizidwa nthawi ya moyo wa wolemba.
Ntchito yoyamba kufalitsidwa ndi Rolland inali tsoka "Saint Louis", lofalitsidwa mu 1897. Ntchitoyi, limodzi ndi zisudzo "Aert" ndi "Nthawi Idzafika", ipanga gawo la "Mavuto Achikhulupiriro".
Mu 1902, Romain adalemba zolemba za "People's Theatre", pomwe adapereka malingaliro ake pazoseweretsa. Ndizosangalatsa kuti adadzudzula ntchito ya olemba otchuka ngati Shakespeare, Moliere, Schiller ndi Goethe.
Malinga ndi a Romain Rolland, akatswiri akalewa sanachite zofuna za anthu wamba koma amafuna kusangalatsa anthu apamwamba. Komanso, adalemba ntchito zingapo zomwe zikuwonetsa mzimu wosintha wa anthu wamba komanso kufunitsitsa kusintha dziko kuti likhale labwino.
Rolland sanakumbukiridwe bwino ndi anthu monga wolemba masewero, chifukwa muntchito zake munali kulimba mtima kosayenera. Pachifukwa ichi, adaganiza zongoyang'ana pa mtundu wa biography.
Kuchokera mu cholembera cha wolemba kunatuluka ntchito yayikulu yoyamba "The Life of Beethoven", yomwe, pamodzi ndi mbiri yakale "The Life of Michelangelo" ndi "The Life of Tolstoy" (1911), adalemba mndandanda - "Heroic Lives". Ndi zomwe adazisonkhanitsa, adawonetsa wowerenga kuti ngwazi zamasiku ano si atsogoleri ankhondo kapena andale, koma ojambula.
Malinga ndi Romain Rolland, anthu opanga zinthu amavutika kwambiri kuposa anthu wamba. Ayenera kuthana ndi kusungulumwa, kusamvetsetsa, umphawi ndi matenda kuti azisangalatsidwa ndi anthu.
Munthawi ya Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse (1914-1918), mwamunayo anali membala wamabungwe osiyanasiyana aku Europe omenyera nkhondo. Nthawi yomweyo adagwira ntchito mwakhama pa buku lotchedwa Jean-Christophe, lomwe adalemba zaka 8.
Chifukwa cha ntchitoyi Rolland adapatsidwa Mphoto ya Nobel mu Literature mu 1915. Wopambana mu bukuli anali woimba waku Germany yemwe adagonjetsa mayesero ambiri panjira yake ndikuyesera kupeza nzeru zadziko. Ndizosangalatsa kuti Beethoven ndi Romain Rolland iwonso anali ziwonetsero za munthu wamkulu.
“Ukawona munthu, umadabwa ngati ndi wolemba kapena ndakatulo? Nthawi zonse zimawoneka kuti Jean-Christophe amayenda ngati mtsinje. " Pamaziko a lingaliro ili, adapanga mtundu wa "novel-river", womwe udaperekedwa kwa "Jean-Christophe", kenako "The Enchanted Soul".
Pamapeto pa nkhondoyi, Rolland adasindikiza magulu angapo olimbana ndi nkhondo - "Over the Battle" ndi "Forerunner", pomwe adatsutsa chiwonetsero chilichonse chazankhondo. Anali othandizira malingaliro a Mahatma Gandhi, yemwe amalalikira za chikondi pakati pa anthu ndikulimbikira mtendere.
Mu 1924, wolemba adamaliza kugwira ntchito yonena za Gandhi, ndipo patatha pafupifupi zaka 6 adatha kudziwana ndi Mmwenye wotchuka.
Romain anali ndi malingaliro abwino ku Revolution ya Ogasiti ya 1917, ngakhale kuponderezedwa komwe kudachitika pambuyo pake komanso boma lokhazikitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, adalankhula za Joseph Stalin ngati munthu wopambana masiku athu ano.
Mu 1935, wolemba wolemba adayendera USSR poyitanidwa ndi Maxim Gorky, komwe adatha kukumana ndikulankhula ndi Stalin. Malinga ndi zikumbutso za nthawiyo, amuna amalankhula za nkhondo ndi mtendere, komanso za zifukwa zopondereza.
Mu 1939 Romain adawonetsa seweroli Robespierre, momwe adafotokozera mwachidule mutu wosintha. Apa adaganizira zotsatira za uchigawenga, pozindikira kusazindikira konse kwamasinthidwe. Atagwira ntchito kumayambiriro kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse (1939-1945), adapitilizabe kugwira ntchito zodziwikiratu.
Miyezi ingapo asanamwalire, Rolland adalemba ntchito yake yomaliza, Pegy. Pambuyo pa imfa ya wolemba, Maulendo ake anasindikizidwa, kumene chikondi chake pa umunthu chidawonekeratu.
Moyo waumwini
Ndi mkazi wake woyamba, Clotilde Breal, Romain adakhala zaka 9. Awiriwo adaganiza zonyamuka mu 1901.
Mu 1923, Rolland adalandira kalata kuchokera kwa Marie Cuvillier, pomwe wolemba ndakatulo wachichepereyo anali kupereka ndemanga yake mu buku la Jean-Christophe. Makalata oyeserera adayamba pakati pa achinyamata, omwe adawathandiza kukhala ndi malingaliro okondana wina ndi mnzake.
Zotsatira zake, mu 1934 Romain ndi Maria adakwatirana. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti palibe mwana amene adabadwa pankhondoyi.
Msungwanayo anali bwenzi lenileni komanso kuthandizira mwamuna wake, kukhala naye mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti atamwalira mwamuna wake, adakhala zaka zina 41!
Imfa
Mu 1940, mudzi waku France wa Vezelay, komwe Rolland amakhala, adagwidwa ndi a Nazi. Ngakhale panali zovuta, adapitilizabe kulemba. Munthawi imeneyi, adamaliza zolemba zake, komanso adakwanitsa kumaliza mbiri ya Beethoven.
Romain Rolland adamwalira pa Disembala 30, 1944 ali ndi zaka 78. Chifukwa cha imfa yake chinali chifuwa chachikulu.
Chithunzi ndi Romain Rolland
